Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; China ; Consensus ; HIV ; HIV Infections/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; genetics ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVETo investigate factors related to hemorrhagic transformation and favorable outcomes in wake-up ischemic stroke (WUIS) patients undergoing intravenous thrombolytic therapy.

METHODSClinical data of 600 patients undergoing multimodal image-guided intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy in Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine center from May 2009 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 600 patients, 68 were diagnosed as WUIS including 17 cases aged 80 or older. Hemorrhagic transformation within the first 24 h after thrombolysis was assessed according to ECASS II criteria. Favorable outcome was defined as three-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-3. Univariate and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of hemorrhagic transformation and poor clinical outcomes in WUIS patients.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis showed that WUIS patients aged ≥ 80 years had a lower rate in males (41.2% vs 76.5%, P=0.007), smokers (11.8% vs 43.1%, P=0.019) and favorable outcome (52.9% vs 78.4%, P=0.043); and a higher rate of cardiac embolism (64.7% vs 35.3%, P=0.034) compared with those aged <80 years. Binary logistic regression showed that age was not an independent risk factor for favorable outcome (OR=0.524, 95% CI:0.141-1.953, P=0.336) or hemorrhagic transformation (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 0.972-1.111, P=0.262).

CONCLUSIONOlder age is not related to the favorable outcome or hemorrhagic transformation in WUIS patients undergoing multimodal image-guided intravenous thrombolytic therapy.

Administration, Intravenous ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Ischemia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) patients with prior antiplatelet therapy.

METHODSFour hundred and forty nine patients with acute ischemic stroke aged (66.8 ± 12.9) years, including 298 males and 151 females, underwent susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) examination and MRI-guided IVT therapy between June 2009 and June 2015. The presence of CMBs, previous antiplatelet therapy, HT subtypes according to ECASS II criteria and functional outcome based on modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months were analyzed in logistic regression model.

RESULTSTotal 934 CMBs were detected in 172 (38.3%) patients, among whom 63 (14.0%) previously received antiplatelet therapy. All patients received intravenous recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for thrombolysis with the onset-to needle time of (229.0 ± 103.7) min. The pretreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 10 (IQR 5-15). Logistic regression analysis indicated that prior antiplatelet use increased neither risk of parenchymal hematoma (PH) (OR=0.809,95% CI:0.201-3.262, P=0.766) nor adverse functional outcome (OR=1.517, 95% CI:0.504-4.568, P=0.459) in patients with CMBs; while in patients with multiple CMBs (≥ 3) prior antiplatelet use increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation (OR=9.737, 95% CI: 1.364-69.494, P=0.023), but not adverse functional outcome (OR=1.697, 95% CI:0.275-10.487, P=0.569).

CONCLUSIONThe study indicates that in patients with CMBs, thrombolytic therapy should not be excluded due to the prior use of antiplatelet; however, the larger prospective studies are needed in future for patients with multiple CMBs.

Aged ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Stroke ; drug therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; United States

Leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium were potential medicinal resource. The present study aims to estimate the main bioactive components: total flavonoids (TF), galuteolin (GA), quercitrin (QU), chlorogenic acid (CA) and 3 ,5-O-caffeoylquinic acid ( CQ), which were considered to be the main effective components, in leaves of C. morfolium cultivars in China. The TF content was estimated hy UV-VIS spectrophotometry, while GA, QU, CA, and CQ were quantitatively determined by HPLC. The highest TF content (7. 13% w/w) was found in cultivar Wan Cong (Shexian county). Cultivar Da Bo ( Bozhou county) had the highest GA content (33. 45 mg - g-1); Cultivar Hong Xin (Sheyang county) contained the highest QU content (29.25 mg · g(-1)); Cultivar Chang Ban (Sheyang county) had the highest CA content (13.14 mg ·(-1)). The maximum CQ content (7.35 mg · g(-1)) was observed in culti- r Da Yang ( Tongxiang county). Different cultivars of C. morfolium had significant difference in components, but the leaf and capitulum of C. morifolium. were found to possess similar chemical compositions. The high content of bioactive components in several cultivars suggested the potential utilization of C. morifolium leaves.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

OBJECTIVELidamycin (LDM) can be dissociated to an apoprotein (LDP) and an active enediyne chromophore (AE). The detached AE can reassemble with its LDP-containing fusion protein to endow the latter with potent antitumor activity. However, the reassembly of AE with LDP is affected by several factors. Our aim was to optimize the assembly efficiency of the AE with a LDP-containing fusion protein and investigate the influence of several factors on the assembly efficacy.

METHODSA method based on RP-HPLC was developed to analyze the assembly rate, and an orthogonal experimental design L(9) (3(4)) was used to investigate the effects of temperature, assembly time, pH and molecular ratio of LDP-containing fusion protein to AE on the assembly rate. Furthermore, the determined optimum conditions for the assembly rate of the LDP-containing fusion protein with AE were applied and evaluated.

RESULTSA calibration curve based on the LDM micromolar concentration against the peak-area of AE by HPLC was obtained. The order in which individual factors in the orthogonal experiment affected the assembly rate were temperature>time>pH>molar ratio of AE to protein and all were statistically significant (P<0.01). The optimal assembly conditions were temperature at 10°C, time of 12 h, pH 7.0, and the molar ratio of AE: protein of 5:1. The assembly rate of AE with a LDP-containing fusion protein was improved by 23% after condition optimization.

CONCLUSIONThe assembly rate of chromophore of lidamycin with its LDP-containing fusion protein was improved after condition optimization by orthogonal design, and the optimal conditions described herein should prove useful for the development of this type of LDP-containing fusion protein.

Aminoglycosides ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Apoproteins ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Design ; Enediynes ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; chemistry ; Single-Chain Antibodies ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDSuperparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles have shown much promise as a means to visualize labeled cells using molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Micrometer-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide (MPIO) particles and nanometer-sized ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) are two kinds of SPIO widely used for monitoring stem cells migration. Here we compare the efficiency of two kinds of SPIO during the use of stem cells to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSAn AMI model in swine was created by 60 minutes of balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Two kinds of SPIO particles were used to track after intracoronary delivered 10(7) magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MR-MSCs). The distribution and migration of the MR-MSCs were assessed with the use of 3.0T MR scanner and then the results were confirmed by histological examination.

RESULTSMR-MSCs appeared as a local hypointense signal on T₂*-weighted MRI and there was a gradual loss of the signal intensity after intracoronary transplantation. All of the hypointense signals in the USPIO-labeled group were found on T₂*-weighted MRI, contrast to noise ratio (CNR) decreased in the MPIO-labeled group (16.07 ± 5.85 vs. 10.96 ± 1.34) and USPIO-labeled group (11.72 ± 1.27 vs. 10.03 ± 0.96) from 4 to 8 weeks after transplantation. However, the hypointense signals were not detected in MPIO-labeled group in two animals. MRI and the results were verified by histological examination.

CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrated that two kinds of SPIO particles in vitro have similar labeling efficiency and viability. USPIO is more suitable for labeling stem cells when they are transplanted via a coronary route.

Animals ; Cell Survival ; Contrast Media ; Ferric Compounds ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Swine

This study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of lidamycin (LDM) and its combination with methotrexate (MTX) on lung metastasis of fibrosarcoma by bioluminescence imaging in athymic mice. A stable luciferase transfected HT-1080 cell line was constructed and the capability to establish experimental lung metastasis in athymic mice was confirmed. The optical imaging system was applied to evaluate the formation of lung metastasis in vivo. In addition, metastatic nodules were counted for the evaluation of inhibition rates. As shown, the fluorescent intensity of luciferase-transfected HT-1080 cells was colinear with the cell population and the minimal detected cell population was 100 cells/well. Optical imaging showed that the fluorescent intensity of treated group was apparently lower than that of the control. The inhibition rates of lung metastasis by LDM alone at 0.025 mg x kg(-1) and 0.05 mg x kg(-1) were 53.9% and 75.9%, respectively, while that of MTX alone at 0.5 mg x kg(-1) was 70.2%. The combination of LDM at 0.025 mg x kg(-1) and MTX at 0.5 mg x kg(-1) showed an inhibition rate of 88.7%. The coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) was 0.82. The results herein demonstrated that LDM alone had strong anti-metastasis effect on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and the inhibition efficacy is strengthened when combined with MTX.
Aminoglycosides ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Synergism ; Enediynes ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fibrosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Luminescent Measurements ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; secondary ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Random Allocation ; Transfection ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Renal angiomyolipoma is a type of benign tumor that occurs sporadically in addition to being associated with tuberous sclerosis. Preoperative embolization of large tumors is important to avoid excessive blood loss during surgery. We reported a patient with a 5505-g giant renal angiomyolipoma in a solitary kidney. The patient was treated with preoperative embolization and radical nephrectomy without complications. This type of treatment for an enormous angiomyolipoma can reduce the risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage caused by rupture of the tumor during the operation and should be considered for the treatment of similar tumors.
Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; surgery ; Arteries ; surgery ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male

Renal angiomyolipoma is a type of benign tumor that occurs sporadically in addition to being associated with tuberous sclerosis. Preoperative embolization of large tumors is important to avoid excessive blood loss during surgery. We reported a patient with a 5505-g giant renal angiomyolipoma in a solitary kidney. The patient was treated with preoperative embolization and radical nephrectomy without complications. This type of treatment for an enormous angiomyolipoma can reduce the risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage caused by rupture of the tumor during the operation and should be considered for the treatment of similar tumors.