Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a functional bowel disorder characterized primarily by abdominal pain and altered defecation habits. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has made progress in multiple aspects of IBS research and treatment， including syndrome distribution， development of TCM formulas， clinical efficacy evaluation， external therapies， and psychosocial regulation. However， it still faces challenges such as over-reliance on symptomatic manifestations rather than biomarkers for diagnostic criteria， and the lack of high-quality evidence-based data supporting the efficacy of TCM formulas in treating IBS. This paper proposed that TCM diagnosis and treatment of IBS should adhere to the strategy of integrating the holistic concept with syndrome differentiation and treatment， combining TCM external therapies such as acupuncture， moxibustion and acupoint application）， and emphasizing individualized diagnosis and treatment for psychosomatic abnormalities. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies， artificial intelligence and other methods to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBS and the mechanisms of TCM formulas， so as to promote the standardization and internationalization of TCM in the diagnosis and treatment of IBS.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects and safety of the optimized new Shengmai Powder （优化新生脉散方） on exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure （CHF） of qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention syndrome. MethodsA randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 78 CHF patients with qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention syndrome were recruited and randomly assigned to a treatment group （39 cases） and a control group （39 cases）. On the basis of conventional western medical therapy， patients in the treatment group additionally received the optimized new Shengmai Powder granules， while the control group was given an oral placebo of optimized new Shengmai Powder granules. Patients in both groups took 30.6 g each time， twice a day， mixed with water for administration， with a total treatment course of 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were 6-minute walk distance （6MWD） and peak oxygen uptake （Peak VO₂） measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Secondary outcomes included New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional classification， B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） levels， cardiac function indexes including left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventri-cular end-systolic diameter （LVESD） and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） scores， and scores of four diagnostic information of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. All indicators were assessed once before and after treatment respectively. Safety indicators were evaluated， and adverse events during the trial were recorded. ResultsAll patients in both groups were included in the full ana-lysis set （FAS） and safety set （SS）. Compared with baseline， the 6MWD and Peak VO₂ of cardiopulmonary exercise test in the treatment group significantly increased after treatment， while the MLHFQ scores， serum BNP levels and scores of TCM four diagnostic information significantly decreased， and the NYHA cardiac function grade significantly improved （P＜0.01）. After treatment， the 6MWD and Peak VO₂ of cardiopulmonary exercise test， as well as their changes from baseline in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group； the MLHFQ scores， serum BNP levels and scores of TCM four diagnostic information in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group； and the improvement of NYHA cardiac function grade in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group （P＜0.01）. There was no statistically significant differences in all indicators after treatment in the control group （P＞0.05）. The incidence of adverse events was 5.1% （2/39） in the treatment group and 2.6% （1/39） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference between groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionOn the basis of conventional western medicine treatment， the addition of the optimized new Shengmai Powder can further improve exercise tolerance， cardiac function and quality of life in patients with CHF of qi deficiency， blood stasis and fluid retention syndrome， and show good safety.

Objective With the vigorous development of nuclear reactors and controlled thermonuclear fusion research, the release of tritium, the predominant radionuclide in nuclear wastewater, into the environment has attracted widespread attention. Its impact on human health has also become a hot topic of research. This article presents a visual analysis of the literature on the biological effects of tritium ingestion by organisms over the past 70 years, with the aim of elucidating the biological effects of tritiated water and identifying current research hotspots and emerging trends. Methods We retrieved articles on the biological effects of tritium radiation published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) over the past 70 years. CiteSpace software was used to generate visual maps, including annual number of publications, countries of publication, keyword clustering, keyword timeline, keyword burst, and literature co-citation. Results A total of 437 articles were included. The cumulative number of annual publications exhibited a linear growth trend. Research hotspots focused on low-radioactivity tritiated water, dose rate effect, DNA double-strand break damage, genetic effect, and cancer mortality. Emerging research frontiers included human lymphocyte immune injury, oxidase activity, comparison of marine organisms in different living environments, comparison of tritium and ionizing radiation effects, changes in mitochondrial ATP content, and the hormetic effect of low-dose radiation. Conclusion In cellular and animal models, high doses of tritium exposure induce negative biological effects. However, whether low doses of tritium esposure elicit beneficial biological effects remains to be further explored. It is suggested that domestic and foreign teams enhance academic collaboration and discussions, focusing on current hotspots and frontiers to deepen our understanding of the biological effects induced by tritium radiation. This will provide scientific solutions for disease treatment and establish a scientific basis for the safe utilization of nuclear energy and the formulation of safety standards for nuclear wastewater discharge.

This paper summarizes the clinical experience in the syndrome differentiation and treatment of rosacea using the method of venting heat and resolving stagnation. It is considered that the key pathogenesis of rosacea is the accumulation of heat with stagnation. Accordingly， the method of venting heat and resolving stagnation is proposed， which vents and disperses constraint heat by applying approaches such as dredging defensive qi， clearing qi， venting ying （营） level， and cooling blood， while eliminating stagnation and masses through regulating qi， resolving dampness， dispelling phlegm and removing stasis. In clinical practice， a core prescription for venting heat and resolving stagnation is formulated， with flexible modifications made according to the clinical characteristics of different rosacea subtypes， including erythematotelangiectatic， papulopustular， phymatous， and ocular types， thereby providing therapeutic insights for the treatment of rosacea with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To explore the effect of rotenone exposure on the metabolic homeostasis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)in dopaminergic neurons of the rat mid-brain striatum,and investigate the effect of exogenous NAD+intervention on the cellular damage response of dopaminergic neurons induced by rotenone.Methods Male SD rats(8 weeks old,200～250 g)were divided into a control group using a table of random numbers,a rotenone exposure group,an NAD+-intervention group,and an NAD+group.An intoxication model was established in the rotenone exposure group.NAD+(250 mg/kg)was administered simultaneously with rotenone exposure in the NAD+-intervention group.The NAD+group was only given NAD+,while the control group received no intervention.After modeling,open field test was performed to evaluate behavioral changes.After scarification,serum samples and mid-brain striatal tissues were collected.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum.The NAD+content in the tissues was detected with NAD+/NADH kit.Western blotting was employed to determine the contents of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase(NAMPT),nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase(NMNAT),and solute carrier family 25 member A51(SLC25A51).ELISA was utilized to measure the content of dopamine in the striatal tissues.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to observe the distribution and contents of TH proteins in the striatal tissues of each group.Results Rotenone exposure significantly affected the vital signs and motor abilities of rats,induced disorderly-arranged,atrophy and deformed neurons in the striatal tissue,decreased the content of TH,rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis,by approximately 29%(P<0.01),the content of dopamine by about 42%,and that of NAD+by almost 50%(P<0.01),while increased the NADH/NAD+ratio(P<0.01).After exposure,the content of NAMPT,an enzyme related to NAD+synthesis,was decreased by 26%(P<0.05),the contents of NMNAT1-3 and SLC25A51,mitochondrial transporters of NAD+by approximately 21%,38%,43%,and 21%,respectively(P<0.01).Exogenous NAD+intervention improved the motor function of exposure rats and the morphology of dopaminergic neurons in the mid-brain striatal tissue,and restored the content of TH in the striatal tissue significantly by 12.8%(P<0.05),and the content of dopamine by 20.9%(P<0.05).Conclusion Rotenone disrupts the NAD+homeostasis in dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting the NAD+synthesis and transport pathways in the mid-brain striatal tissues,while exogenous NAD+intervention can effectively alleviate the dopaminergic neuron damage induced by rotenone exposure.

In this study,an ultraviolet(UV)/fluorescence dual-modal sensor was constructed by combining the catalytic properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)with the fluorescence inner filter effect of bovine serum albumin(BSA),realizing highly sensitive and highly selective detection of acetaldehyde in food.Acetaldehyde could react with oxidized coenzyme I(NAD+)to generate acetic acid and reduced coenzyme I(NADH)under catalytic condition by ALDH,and a quantitative relationship between acetaldehyde concentration and UV signal for UV detection based on the characteristic UV absorption peak of NADH at 340 nm was established.Meanwhile,an acetaldehyde detection channel based on fluorescence signal changes was built on the basis of the property that the fluorescence emission of BSA(as a fluorescent indicator)at 340 nm could be effectively quenched by the generated NADH,thus forming a″one-reaction dual-signal″detection mode.The experimental results showed that the acetaldehyde concentration in the range of 0.01?5.0 mg/L had a good linear relationship with both UV and fluorescence signals,and the limit of detection(LOD)was 0.003 mg/L for the UV mode and 0.005 mg/L for the fluorescence mode,and no significant fluctuations were observed when 50-fold concentrations of acetaldehyde analogs and common interfering substances were added.When the dual-modal sensor was applied to detection of acetaldehyde in food samples such as yogurt and wine,the relative error between its quantitative results and those of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was less than±4.0%.The dual-modal cross-validation strategy could improve the detection reliability through signal mutual verification,providing an innovative solution for the rapid detection of acetaldehyde contamination in food.

Vitrification cryopreservation technology converts the liquid water in biological samples into glassy solids through ultra-rapid cooling. In this review, the core research of vitrification cryopreservation technology was mainly reviewed, such as the optimization of cryoprotectant formulations, the improvements to temperature control methods, the innovative carrier designs and the improvements to rewarming technology. The application status and issues in the fields of organ preservation, tumor research, reproductive medicine and rare cell preservation were also summarized. By combining the technical principles with glassy state detection methods, a theoretical basis was provided for optimizing the technical system and expanding application scenarios, thereby promoting its large-scale application in clinical and biological sample libraries.

Objective:To establish a quality control method for the standard decoction of Polygoni Avicularis Herba.Methods:Totally 12 batches of decoction pieces from different origins were collected, the standard decoction was prepared and the quality evaluation method was established, the content of index components in the decoction pieces and the standard decoction was determined with HPLC, the index components, solution pH and other parameters were calculated, and the similarity analysis was carried out against the fingerprints.Results:The total content of myricetin in 12 batches of decoction pieces was >0.12%, and the content of myricetin in the standard decoction was >0.03%, which met the standard of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The pH value was 5.1-5.5, the transfer rate of myricetin components ranged from 50.0%-106.3%, and the fingerprint study showed that there were 7 common peaks. The similarity analysis results indicated that the standard decoction of 12 batches of decoction pieces of Polygoni Avicularis Herba had good consistency.Conclusion:The preparation process is stable and feasible in line with the traditional decoction preparation method, and can be used for the research and quality evaluation of the standard decoction.

A 23-year-old male patient was diagnosed with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (ccTGA) at the age of 3 years during a routine physical examination. Due to the absence of significant symptoms, the patient was managed conservatively with follow-up without surgical treatment. He developed chest tightness one year prior to admission, with symptom exacerbation in the recent month. Echocardiography demonstrated significantly worsened morphological tricuspid regurgitation. The patient presented to Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital for surgical evaluation. Given the patient’s age and clinical presentation, a totally thoracoscopic morphological tricuspid valve replacement was performed. Postoperative assessment showed good prosthetic valve function, with no regurgitation or paravalvular leakage; the electrocardiogram confirmed sinus rhythm without atrioventricular block. Extubation occurred within 12 hours postoperatively, and the patient was transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU) on postoperative day 2. At the three-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and had resumed normal activities. This report describes the first case of a totally thoracoscopic morphological tricuspid valve replacement in a ccTGA patient in China. This initial experience suggests that the totally thoracoscopic approach for morphological tricuspid valve replacement in ccTGA patients is a feasible, safe, and effective minimally invasive option associated with rapid recovery.

Objective Accurate speed perception is crucial for tasks such as man-controlled rendezvous and docking,and teleoperation of space manipulator.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-orbit experiments to explore the influence of long-term spaceflight on human speed perception characteristics.Methods The Time-to-Collision(TTC)paradigm was selected to develop experimental software,using a tablet computer for stimulus presentation.Human speed perception characteristics were evaluated based on the subjects'keystroke response data on the keyboard.Through ground-based experiments,the usability and reliability of the paradigm were explored,and the gravity internal model effect was quantitatively analyzed.Through in-orbit experiments on space station tasks,the influence of long-term spaceflight on human speed perception characteristics was further investigated.Results Under the 1G environment on the ground,the TTC paradigm has a high test-retest reliability(r>0.8),and indicators such as average deviation rate and absolute value of average deviation rate show no practice effect.In addition,ground experiments found that compared to vertical upward movement,vertical downward movement is estimated to be faster(i.e.,keystroke time is advanced),showing the existence of the gravity internal model effect.In the microgravity environment of spaceflight,there are no significant differences in average deviation rate and absolute value of average deviation rate among three stages(pre-flight,in-flight,post-flight)and seven tests,indicating that no obvious changes in astronauts'speed perception ability were found at the existing test time points and paradigms.However,the gravity internal model effect(difference between vertical downward and vertical upward)showed a trend of fading in the early stage of astronauts entering orbit.Conclusion Based on the computer screen TTC estimation paradigm,no significant changes in human speed perception ability were found during long-term spaceflight,but microgravity may weaken the human brain's gravity internal model.