OBJECTIVES: To explore the clinical value of endoscopic findings under white light gastroscopy in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 340 children who underwent gastroscopy and gastric mucosa tissue Hp culture from July 2022 to June 2023 in the Department of Gastroenterology at Wuxi Children's Hospital due to upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Based on the results of Hp culture, the children were categorized into an Hp-infected group (146 cases) and a non-infected group (194 cases). The detection rates of various endoscopic findings in the gastric mucosa between the two groups were compared, and the association between each endoscopic finding and different Hp infection statuses was analyzed, as well as the diagnostic value of each endoscopic finding under different Hp infection statuses. RESULTS: The proportions of white mucus, diffuse redness, mucosal edema, enlarged folds, chicken skin-like changes, and ulcers in the Hp-infected group were higher than those in the non-infected group (P<0.05), while the proportions of regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) and ridge-like redness were lower in the Hp-infected group compared to the non-infected group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diffuse redness, enlarged folds, mucosal edema, and chicken skin-like changes were closely associated with Hp infection (P<0.05), while RAC and ridge-like redness were closely associated with the absence of Hp infection (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve for diffuse redness, enlarged folds, mucosal edema, and chicken skin-like changes in predicting Hp infection was 0.798, 0.731, 0.782, and 0.760, respectively (P<0.05). The area under the curve for RAC and ridge-like redness in predicting the absence of Hp infection was 0.861 and 0.589, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic findings under white light gastroscopy are associated with Hp infection in children, with diffuse redness, mucosal edema, chicken skin-like changes, and enlarged folds showing significant diagnostic value for Hp infection.
Humans ; Helicobacter Infections/diagnostic imaging* ; Female ; Male ; Gastroscopy/methods* ; Child ; Helicobacter pylori ; Retrospective Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology* ; Infant ; Logistic Models

Gastric tumors are neoplastic lesions that occur in the stomach, posing a great threat to human health. Gastric cancer represents the malignant form of gastric tumors, and early detection and treatment are crucial for patient recovery. Endoscopic examination is the primary method for diagnosing gastric tumors. Deep learning techniques can automatically extract features from endoscopic images and analyze them, significantly improving the detection rate of gastric cancer and serving as an important tool for auxiliary diagnosis. This paper reviews relevant literature in recent years, presenting the application of deep learning methods in the classification, object detection, and segmentation of gastric tumor endoscopic images. In addition, this paper also summarizes several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems and multimodal algorithms related to gastric tumors, highlights the issues with current deep learning methods, and provides an outlook on future research directions, aiming to promote the clinical application of deep learning methods in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastric tumors.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Deep Learning ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Gastroscopy/methods* ; Algorithms

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for complications of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (SMTs). Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. The indications for EFTR included: (1) SMTs originating from the muscularis propria layer and growing out of the cavity or infiltrating the deep part of the muscularis propria layer; (2) SMTs diameter <5 cm; and (3) tumor identified as closely adherent to the serous layer during endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection. This study included patients with SMTs originating from the muscularis propria layer in upper digestive tract, diagnosed preoperatively by endoscopic ultrasonography or computed tomography, who were successfully treated with EFTR. Those with incomplete clinical data were excluded. The clinical data of 154 patients with upper gastrointestinal SMTs who underwent EFTR at the Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2016 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Post-EFTR complications (such as delayed perforation, delayed bleeding, and postoperative infection, including electrocoagulation syndrome) were monitored and the risk factors for them were analyzed. Results: Among the 154 study patients, 33 (21.4%) developed complications, including delayed bleeding in three (1.9%), delayed perforation in two (1.3%), and postoperative infection in 28 (18.2%). One patient with bleeding was classified as having a major complication (hospitalized for more than 10 days because of complication). According to univariate analysis, complication was associated with tumor diameter >15 mm, operation time >90 minutes, defect closure method(purse string suture), and diameter of resected specimen ≥20 mm (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that operation time >90 minutes (OR=6.252, 95%CI: 2.530-15.446, P<0.001) and tumor diameter >15 mm (OR=4.843, 95%CI: 1.985-11.817, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for complications after EFTR in patients with upper gastrointestinal SMTs. The independent risk factors for postoperative infection in these patients were operation time>90 minutes (OR=4.993, 95%CI:1.964-12.694, P=0.001) and purse string suture (OR=7.142, 95%CI: 1.953-26.123, P=0.003). Conclusion: Patients with upper gastrointestinal SMTs undergoing EFTR with tumor diameter >15 mm or operation time >90 minutes have a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications. Postoperative monitoring is important for these patients with SMTs.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection/methods* ; Gastroscopy/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Endosonography/adverse effects* ; Postoperative Complications/etiology* ; Treatment Outcome ; Gastric Mucosa/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of propofol used for painless gastroscopy and colonoscopy on psychomotility recovery. METHODS: One hundred adult patients undergoing painless gastroscopy and colonoscopy were recruited, aged 18-72 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ. According to age, the patients were divided into youth group (20-39 years old, 27 cases), middle age group (40-54 years old, 37 cases), and elder group (55-64 years old, 36 cases). Propofol was continuously infused according to the patients' condition to mantain the bispectal index (BIS) score 55-64. All the patients received psychomotility assesment 30 min before the operations when the discharge criteria were met including number cancellation test, number connection test and board test. The heart rate, blood pressure, saturation of pulse oximetry, electrocardiograph and BIS were monitored during the operation. The operating time, recovery time, total volume of propofol and discharge time were recorded. If the results obtained were inferior to those before operation, a third assessment was taken 30 minutes later until the results recovered or being superior to the baseline levels. RESULTS: All the patients completed the first and second assessments, and 25 patients had taken the third assessment. There was no statistically significant difference in the results of psychomotility assessment when the patients met the discharge standard. Furthermore, the results were analyzed by grouping with age, and there was no statistical difference in the test results of the youth and middle age groups compared with the preoperative group, among which, the efficiency of the number cancellation test was significantly better than that before operation in the youth group (P < 0.05). However, in the elderly patients the number cancellation efficiency, number connection test and board test were significantly inferior to that before operation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of number cancellation compared with that before operation. The patients who needed the third test in the elder group were significantly more than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the preoperative results, there was no statistical difference in the test results of those who completed the third test. CONCLUSION The psychomotility function of the patients who underwent painless gastroscopy and colonoscopy was recovered when they met discharge criteria. The elderly patients had a prolonged recovery period.
Adult ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Propofol ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Gastroscopy/methods* ; Conscious Sedation/methods* ; Colonoscopy/methods*

Common bile duct (CBD) stones are a frequent problem in Chinese populations, and their incidence is particularly high in certain areas (Wang et al., 2013). In recent years, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been the main surgical procedures for CBD stones, although each has different advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of choledocholithiasis (Loor et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017). For patients with large stones, a dilated CBD, especially concurrent gallstones, LCBDE is the preferred and most economical minimally invasive procedure (Koc et al., 2013). However, a T-tube is often placed during LCBDE to prevent postoperative bile leakage; this is associated with problems such as bile loss, electrolyte disturbance, and decreased gastric intake (Martin et al., 1998). In addition, the T-tube usually must remain in place for more than a month, during which time the patient's quality of life is seriously compromised. Many skilled surgeons currently perform primary closure of the CBD following LCBDE, which effectively speeds up rehabilitation (Hua et al., 2015). However, even in sophisticated medical centers, the incidence of postoperative bile leakage still reaches ≥10% (Liu et al., 2017). Especially for a beginner, bile leakage remains a key problem (Kemp Bohan et al., 2017). Therefore, a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical approach to preventing bile leakage during primary closure of the CBD after LCBDE is still urgently needed.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct Diseases ; Drainage/methods* ; Female ; Gallstones ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is generally considered to be the main mucosal background for the development of gastric adenocarcinomas. Using linked color imaging (LCI), we noticed that the color pattern in areas of GIM was purple mixed with white on the epithelium with signs of mist that were detected by the non-magnifying LCI observation. We have termed this endoscopic finding "Purple in Mist" (PIM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether PIM could be a useful optical sign for predicting GIM. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy for various indications. The endoscopist used the LCI system to carefully observe the gastric antrum, body and angulus. When a PIM was identified in the surface layer, targeted biopsies were subsequently taken from this part. If the suspected area had no PIM on the surface, targeted biopsies were also taken. RESULTS: Sixty-three consecutive patients were included in this study. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) was 29/63 (46%). In PIM-positive patients, the prevalence of IM was 23/26 (89%). Of these patients, 146 biopsy specimens were included in this study. For the diagnosis of IM, compared to histological assessment, the LCI finding had an accuracy of 91.1% (95%CI: 86.5%-95.7%), a sensitivity of 89.8% (95%CI: 81.3%-98.3%), a specificity of 91.8% (95%CI: 86.3%-97.2%), a positive predictive value of 84.6% (95%CI: 74.8%-94.4%), and a negative predictive value of 94.7% (95%CI: 90.1%-99.2%). CONCLUSIONS: A positive PIM finding in a suspicious lesion on LCI would complement LCI diagnosis of possible IM because of the positive predictive value of PIM. PIM could be a novel endoscopic marker for IM. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT03092414; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03092414?id=NCT03092414&rank=1.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; diagnostic imaging ; Gastroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVE: To establish a modified endoscopic Freka Trelumina placement (mEFTP) for modifying or substituting the traditional endoscopic Freka Trelumina placement (EFTP) and to explore the safety and feasibility of mEFTP in patients requiring enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression in general surgery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of patients undergoing EFTP or mEFTP at General Surgery Department of 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 2016 to January 2018. INCLUSION CRITERIA: the function of lower digestive tract was normal; patients who could not eat through mouth or nasogastric tube needed to have enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression; the retention time of Freka Trelumina (FT) was not expected to exceed 2 months. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: contraindication for gastroscopy; suspected shock or digestive tract perforation; suspected mental diseases; infectious diseases of digestive tract; thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. mEFIP procedure was as follow. FT was inserted into stomach through one side nasal cavity, gastroscope was inserted into stomach cavity, and the front part of FT was clamped with biopsy forceps through biopsy hole. Biopsy forceps and FT were inserted into the pylorus or anastomosis under gastroscope, and they were pushed into the duodenum or output loop. During pushing, the gastroscope did not pass through the duodenum or output loop. The biopsy forceps was released and pushed out, and FT was pushed with biopsy forceps synchronously into the duodenum or output loop more than 5 cm. The foreign body forceps was inserted through the biopsy hole, and the FT tube was held in the stomach and pushed to the duodenum or output loop. The previous steps repeated until the suction cavity reached the pylorus or anastomosis. The gastroscope was exited gently; the guide wire was pulled out slowly. EFTP procedure: foreign body forceps was used to clamp the front part of FT, and gastroscope, foreign body forceps and FT pass the pylorus or anastomosis simultaneously to reach the descendent duodenum or output loop as a whole. The time of catheterization was recorded and position of FT was examined by X-ray within 1 h after catheterization. The success rate of catheterization and morbidity of complications after catheterization were evaluated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 141 patients were enrolled, 72 in the mEFTP group and 69 in the EFTP group. In mEFTP group, 45 cases were males and 27 were females with an average age of 55.8(37-76) years; 27 cases had normal upper gastrointestinal anatomy (postoperative gastroplegia syndrome due to colon cancer in 17 cases, due to rectal cancer in 10 cases) and 45 had upper gastrointestinal anatomic changes (gastric cancer with pylorus obstruction in 18 cases and anastomotic block after gastroenterostomy in 27 cases). In the EFTP group, 41 were males and 28 were females with an average age of 55.3(36-79) years; 33 cases had normal upper gastrointestinal anatomy (postoperative gastroplegia syndrome due to colon cancer in 20 cases, due to rectal cancer in 13 cases) and 36 had upper gastrointestinal anatomic changes (gastric cancer with pylorus obstruction in 15 cases and anastomotic block after gastroenterostomy in 21 cases). In patients with normal upper digestive tract anatomy, the average catheterization time of mEFTP was (4.9±1.7) minutes which was shorter than (7.6±1.7) minutes of EFTP(t=6.683, P<0.001). In patients of gastric cancer with pyloric obstruction, the average catheterization time of mEFTP was (6.6±1.6) minutes which was shorter than (10.5±2.6) minutes of EFTP (t=4.724, P<0.001). In patients with anastomotic block after gastroenterostomy, the average catheterization time of mEFTP was (11.3±2.5) minutes which was shorter than (15.1±3.5) minutes of EFTP (t=4.513, P<0.001). In patients with normal upper gastrointestinal anatomy, there were no significant differences in the success rate of catheterization and the morbidity of catheterization complication between mEFTP and EFTP (all P>0.05). In patients with upper gastrointestinal anatomic changes, the success rate of catheterization in mEFTP was even higher than that in EFTP, but the difference was not significant [97.8%(41/45) vs. 86.1%(31/36), χ²=2.880, P=0.089]; while the morbidity of catheterization complication in mEFTP was lower than that in EFTP [0 vs. 8.3%(3/36), χ²=3.894, P=0.048]. CONCLUSIONS Whether the upper gastrointestinal anatomy is normal or not, mEFTP presents shorter catheterization time, higher success catheterization rate than EFTP, and is safety. mEFTP can be widely applied to clinical practice for patients requiring enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression.
Adult ; Aged ; Decompression, Surgical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Enteral Nutrition ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; etiology ; surgery ; Gastroparesis ; etiology ; surgery ; Gastroscopy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Diseases ; etiology ; surgery

ObjectiveGastroscopy combined with gastric mucosa biopsies is currently regarded as a gold standard for diagnosis of gastric cancer. However, its application is restricted in clinical practice due to its invasive property. A new noninvasive population screening process combining the assay of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and serum pepsinogen (PG) (ABC method) is adopted to recognize the high-risk patients for further endoscopy examination, avoiding the unnecessary gastroscopy for most population and saving the cost consumption for mass screening annually. Nevertheless, controversies exist for the grouping of ABC method and the intervals of gastroscopy surveillance for each group. In this review, we summarized these popular concerned topics for providing useful references to the healthcare practitioner in clinical practice.

Data SourcesThe PubMed databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to November 22, 2017, using the keywords "Helicobacter pylori," "Pepsinogens," and "Stomach Neoplasms."

Study SelectionOriginal articles and reviews on the topics were selected.

ResultsAnti-H. pylori antibody and serum PG concentration showed significant changes under the different status of H. pylori infection and the progression of atrophic gastritis, which can be used for risk stratification of gastric cancer in clinic. In addition, anti-H. pylori antibody titer can be used for further risk stratification of gastric cancer contributing to determine better endoscopy surveillance interval.

ConclusionsThe early detection and diagnosis of gastric cancer benefit from the risk stratification, but the cutoff values for H. pylori antibody and serum PG concentration require further modification.

Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; immunology ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter Infections ; blood ; immunology ; Helicobacter pylori ; immunology ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the preoperative assessment value of spectral CT quantitative parameters in lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer.

METHODSFrom December 2013 to June 2015, clinical and image data of 86 patients with gastric cancer confirmed by gastroscope pathology undergoing preoperative enhanced CT were prospectively collected. Enhanced CT included nonenhanced CT of conventional 120 kVp mode, arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) with GSI mode on Discover GSI CT scanner. The raw data were transferred to ADW4.6 workstation to reconstruct the monochromatic images at 70 keV and iodine-based images in AP and VP with 1.25 mm thickness. The short diameter, long diameter, ratio of short to long diameter, CT attenuation and iodine value of lymph nodes in each phase were measured and recorded. Pathology results were used as golden standard. The spectral CT quantitative parameters of positive and negative lymph nodes were compared by t test and the sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed by ROC curves. This clinical study registration number 81271573.

RESULTSAmong these 86 gastric cancer patients (53 male and 33 female), tumors of 28 cases were in upper part, of 12 cases in middle part, of 27 cases in distal part and of 19 cases involved two parts. Thirty-five cases were differentiated type and 51 cases were undifferentiated type. A total of 1 072 lymph nodes were found in operation, of which 412 nodes were positive and 660 were negative. Among 552 lymph nodes found in CT images, 338 nodes were positive and 214 were negative. Compared to negative lymph nodes, short diameter [(9.52±3.58) mm vs. (6.48±2.94) mm, t=4.639, P=0.000], ratio of short to long diameter (0.82±0.14 vs. 0.61±0.08, t=13.514, P=0.000), CT attenuation in precontrast [(20.44±6.77) Hu vs. (16.06±7.14) Hu, t=3.154, P=0.002], CT attenuation in AP[(61.71±11.78) Hu vs. (40.11±10.18) Hu, t=9.588, P=0.000], CT attenuation in VP[(71.34±13.03) Hu vs. (53.81±11.39) Hu, t=7.888, P=0.000], iodine value in AP [(16.17±4.22) 100 μg/cmvs. (8.03±3.10) 100 μg/cm, t=9.781, P=0.000], the iodine value in VP [(20.13±6.04) 100 μg/cmvs. (11.58±4.13) 100 μg/cm, t=10.147, P=0.000] of positive lymph nodes were greater. The long diameter was not significantly different between positive and negative lymph nodes [(11.71±5.63) mm vs. (10.64±3.20) mm, t=1.380, P=0.169]. The area under ROC curve of short diameter, ratio of short to long diameter, CT attenuation in precontrast, AP and VP, iodine value in AP and VP of lymph nodes was 0.600, 0.880, 0.648, 0.832, 0.755, 0.864, 0.835, respectively. Taking the ratio of short to long diameter over 0.72 as diagnosis standard, the sensitivity was 75.6% and the specificity was 93.5%. Taking the CT number in AP over 49.75 Hu, the sensitivity was 66.9% and the specificity was 88.8%. Taking the CT number in VP over 59.80 Hu, the sensitivity was 69.9% and the specificity was 77.6%. Taking the iodine value in AP over 9.65 (100 μg/cm), the sensitivity was 80.4% and the specificity was 82.2%. Taking the iodine value in VP over 15.65 (100 μg/cm), the sensitivity was 69.9% and the specificity was 86.9%. Combinong the ratio of short to long diameter with the iodine value in AP, the sensitivity was 95.2% and the specificity was 76.9%.

CONCLUSIONSThe ratio of short to long diameter, the iodine value and CT attenuation in AP and VP of lymph nodes in spectral CT are important criteria to evaluate the metastasis of gastric cancer. Combining the ratio of short to long diameter with the iodine value in AP can obviously improve the sensitivity.

Female ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; instrumentation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo compare clinically relevant postoperative complications after open, laparoscopic, and robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

METHODSClinical data of patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between January 1, 2014 and October 1, 2016 at Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were diagnosed by upper endoscopy and confirmed by biopsy without distant metastasis. They were confirmed with R0 resection by postoperative pathology. Patients with incomplete data were excluded. The complications among open group, laparoscopic group and robotic group were compared. The continuous variables were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and categorical variables were analyzed by χtest or Fisher exact test.

RESULTSA total of 1 791 patients (1 320 males and 471 females) were included in the study, aged from 17 to 98 (59.0±11.6) years, comprising 922 open, 673 laparoscopic and 196 robotic gastrectomies. There were no significant differences among three groups in baseline data (gender, age, BMI, comorbidity, radiochemotherapy) and some of operative or postoperative data (blood transfusion, number of lymph node dissection, combined organ resection, resection site, N stage, postoperative hospital stay). The blood loss in laparoscopic and robotic groups was significantly lower than that in open group[(185.7±139.6) ml and (194.0±187.6) ml vs. (348.2±408.5) ml, F=59.924, P=0.000]. The postoperative complication occurred in 197 of 1 791(11.0%) patients. The Clavien-Dindo II(, III(a, III(b, IIII(a, and IIIII( complications were 5.5%, 4.0%, 1.2%, 0.1%, and 0.2% respectively. The anastomotic leakage (2.4%), intestinal obstruction(1.3%) and pulmonary infection(1.2%) were the three most common complications, followed by wound infection(0.8%), cardiovascular disease(0.7%), anastomotic bleeding (0.7%), delayed gastric emptying (0.6%), duodenal stump fistula(0.5%), intraperitoneal hemorrhage (0.5%), pancreatic fistula (0.3%), intra-abdominal infection(0.2%), chylous leakage (0.1%) and other complications(1.7%). There were no significant differences among three groups as the complication rates of open, laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy were 10.6%(98/922), 10.8%(73/673) and 13.3%(26/196) respectively (χ=1.173, P=0.566). But anastomotic leakage occurred more common after laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy compared to open gastrectomy [3.1%(21/673) and 5.1%(10/196) vs. 1.3%(12/922), χ=12.345, P=0.002]. The rate of cardiocerebral vascular diseases was higher in open group[1.3%(12/922) vs. 0.1%(1/673) and 0, χ=8.786, P=0.012]. And the rate of anastomotic bleeding was higher in robotic group [2.0%(4/196) vs. open 0.4%(4/922) and laparoscopic 0.6%(4/673), χ=6.365, P=0.041]. In view of Clavien-Dindo classification, III(a complications occurred more common in laparoscopic group [5.5%(37/673) vs. open 3.3%(30/922) and robotic 2.6%(5/196), χ=6.308, P=0.043] and III(b complications occurred more common in robotic group [3.1%(6/196) vs. open 1.1%(10/922) and laparoscopic 0.7%(5/673), χ=7.167, P=0.028].

CONCLUSIONSMorbidities of postoperative complications are comparable among open, laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, in consideration of the high difficulty of anastomosis, the minimally invasive surgery should be performed by more experienced surgeons.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomotic Leak ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; statistics & numerical data ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Chylous Ascites ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Comorbidity ; Comparative Effectiveness Research ; Duodenal Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Gastroparesis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Gastroscopy ; Hemoperitoneum ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Intraabdominal Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Postoperative Period ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Surgical Wound Infection ; epidemiology ; etiology