Objective To investigate the impact of continuous nebulization therapy after lung transplantation on pulmonary function and related complications in lung transplant recipients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the general data of 71 recipients who underwent allogeneic lung transplantation at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from June 2013 to December 2024. Recipients were divided into observation group (those who continued nebulization therapy for more than 3 months after discharge) and control group (those who discontinued nebulization therapy on their own). The main observation indicators were pulmonary function indicators at 6 months after surgery, including forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of predicted value (FEV₁% pred), forced vital capacity as a percentage of predicted value (FVC% pred), ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity as a percentage of predicted value (FEV₁/FVC% pred), forced expiratory flow at 25%, 50% and 75% of forced vital capacity as a percentage of predicted value, and the percentage of predicted value of corrected carbon monoxide diffusion capacity measured by single-breath method, as well as the ratio of corrected carbon monoxide diffusion capacity to alveolar volume as a percentage of predicted value. Additionally, the annual incidence of postoperative pulmonary infections, survival rate and the rate of no severe airway complications were analyzed. Results At 6 months after lung transplantation, the FEV₁% pred and FVC% pred of the observation group were better than those of the control group [FEV₁% pred was 76% (60%, 91%) vs. 67% (62%, 78%), FVC% pred was (75 ± 13)% vs. (69 ± 11)%, both P<0.05]. The observation group had a lower annual incidence of pulmonary infections compared to the control group (P = 0.023), with a risk of 0.485 times that of the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in median survival time and the rate of no severe airway complications (both P>0.05). Conclusions Continuous nebulization therapy after lung transplantation may effectively improve pulmonary function, reduce the annual incidence of pulmonary infections, and play a positive role in the long-term maintenance of pulmonary function.

Objective:To investigate the role of ionizing radiation in regulating mitochondrial autophagy and epithelial mesenchymal transaction (EMT) in lung, in order to provide experimental evidence for further elucidating the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF).Methods:Beas-2B cells were irradiated with 6 Gy X-rays, and their morphological changes were observed at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. The changes of mitochondrial autophagy and EMT-related proteins in PINK1/Parkin pathway were detected by Western blot assay. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by JC-1 staining. TEM was used to observe the changes of cell ultrastructure 48 h after radiation. Beas-2B cells were then divided into control group, irradiation group (RI), RI + vector plasmid group (RI+ oeNC), RI+ PINK1 overexpression group (RI+ oePINK1), and the protein changes of FN1 and LC3 were detected by immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry was used to detect the change of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each group. The changes of mitochondrial autophagy and EMT-related protein contents were detected by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and Western blot, respectively.Results:After X-ray irradiation, the cell morphology of human epithelial cells Beas-2B was changed from irregular polygon to spindle shape along with the time increase after irradiation, showing EMT appearance. JC-1 staining showed that, along with the time after irradiation, the red fluorescence was weakened, and the green fluorescence was enhanced, so that the red/green fluorescence ratio was decreased. TEM observation indicated that the cell morphology changed to spindle shape and the number of autophagic lysosomes decreased significantly at 48 h after irradiation. Western blot assay showed that the protein expression levels of PINK1, Parkin and Beclin1 were significantly decreased, while the expression of p62 protein was significantly increased after irradiation. Moreover, the expressions of E-cad and CK19 were significantly decreased, while the expressions of N-cad and Vim were significantly increased ( t = 6.48, 3.72, 6.06, -18.71, P<0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed that LC3 expression was increased and FN1 expression was decreased in the oePINK1 group ( t = 6.06, -21.49, -9.58, 3.58, P < 0.05). Flow cytometry assay showed that ROS in the oePINK1 group was significantly decreased ( t = -342.54, 88.01, 25.48, P<0.05). After PINK1 overexpression, the expression levels of PINK1, Parkin and Beclin1 were significantly increased, while the expression of p62 protein was significantly decreased ( t = -25.57, -8.76, -11.24, 34.81, P<0.05); meanwhile, the expressions of E-cad and CK19 were significantly increased, while the expressions of N-cad and Vim were significantly decreased ( t =-7.12, 12.04, 67.92, -7.64, P<0.05). Conclusions:X-ray irradiation promoted EMT and impaired mitochondrial function of Beas-2B cells, and weakened mitochondrial autophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin pathway. Overexpression of PINK1 promoted mitochondrial autophagy, which improved mitochondrial function and effectively inhibited cell EMT, thus alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective:To investigate the role of ionizing radiation in regulating mitochondrial autophagy and epithelial mesenchymal transaction (EMT) in lung, in order to provide experimental evidence for further elucidating the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF).Methods:Beas-2B cells were irradiated with 6 Gy X-rays, and their morphological changes were observed at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. The changes of mitochondrial autophagy and EMT-related proteins in PINK1/Parkin pathway were detected by Western blot assay. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by JC-1 staining. TEM was used to observe the changes of cell ultrastructure 48 h after radiation. Beas-2B cells were then divided into control group, irradiation group (RI), RI + vector plasmid group (RI+ oeNC), RI+ PINK1 overexpression group (RI+ oePINK1), and the protein changes of FN1 and LC3 were detected by immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry was used to detect the change of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each group. The changes of mitochondrial autophagy and EMT-related protein contents were detected by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and Western blot, respectively.Results:After X-ray irradiation, the cell morphology of human epithelial cells Beas-2B was changed from irregular polygon to spindle shape along with the time increase after irradiation, showing EMT appearance. JC-1 staining showed that, along with the time after irradiation, the red fluorescence was weakened, and the green fluorescence was enhanced, so that the red/green fluorescence ratio was decreased. TEM observation indicated that the cell morphology changed to spindle shape and the number of autophagic lysosomes decreased significantly at 48 h after irradiation. Western blot assay showed that the protein expression levels of PINK1, Parkin and Beclin1 were significantly decreased, while the expression of p62 protein was significantly increased after irradiation. Moreover, the expressions of E-cad and CK19 were significantly decreased, while the expressions of N-cad and Vim were significantly increased ( t = 6.48, 3.72, 6.06, -18.71, P<0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed that LC3 expression was increased and FN1 expression was decreased in the oePINK1 group ( t = 6.06, -21.49, -9.58, 3.58, P < 0.05). Flow cytometry assay showed that ROS in the oePINK1 group was significantly decreased ( t = -342.54, 88.01, 25.48, P<0.05). After PINK1 overexpression, the expression levels of PINK1, Parkin and Beclin1 were significantly increased, while the expression of p62 protein was significantly decreased ( t = -25.57, -8.76, -11.24, 34.81, P<0.05); meanwhile, the expressions of E-cad and CK19 were significantly increased, while the expressions of N-cad and Vim were significantly decreased ( t =-7.12, 12.04, 67.92, -7.64, P<0.05). Conclusions:X-ray irradiation promoted EMT and impaired mitochondrial function of Beas-2B cells, and weakened mitochondrial autophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin pathway. Overexpression of PINK1 promoted mitochondrial autophagy, which improved mitochondrial function and effectively inhibited cell EMT, thus alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effectiveness of anastomosis fixation method of lifting the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) and fixing with the orbital septum and fat to correct eyelid bags with tear trough deformity.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated at Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from January 2019 to January 2021. The patients underwent lower eyelid blepharoplasty via a sub-lower eyelid skin approach. During the surgery, the SOOF was lifted and fixed with the orbital septum and fat, correcting the eye bags, filling the tear troughs, and lifting the midface. Postoperative observations included incision healing and complications. The correction of eye bags, tear troughs, and midface sagging was followed up. Adobe Photoshop CS6 software was used to measure the vertical distance from the nasolabial and buccal fat prominent point to the lower eyelid margin before surgery and at the last follow-up to evaluate the correction of midface sagging. Data were expressed as Mean ± SD, and pre- and post-operative comparisons were analyzed using paired t-test, with P<0.05 indicating statistical significance. Patients’ and nurses’ satisfaction evaluations of surgical outcomes were classified into three levels: satisfied, basically satisfied, and dissatisfied, requiring consensus between the two evaluators. Results:A total of 132 patients (264 eyes) were included, consisting of 23 males and 109 females, with an average age of (50.3±6.0) years. Hirmand tear trough classification included 178 type Ⅱeyes and 86 type Ⅲ eyes. Postoperative wound healing was well, with no hematoma, infection, diplopia, corneal foreign body sensation, and discomfort from external eye corner tightness. Follow-up ranged from 6-12 months, with 252 out of 264 eye bags disappeared and 12 eye bags reduced. Among the 86 type Ⅲ tear trough eyes, 10 improved to type Ⅰ, while the remaining 76 type Ⅲ and 178 type Ⅱ tear troughs disappeared postoperatively. All 264 midface sagging cases showed improvement, with the vertical distance from the nasolabial fat prominence point to the lower eyelid margin significantly shortening postoperatively [(29.23±1.58) mm vs. (34.08±3.23) mm, t=22.88, P<0.001)]. Satisfaction evaluation result showed 118 cases were satisfied (satisfaction rate of 89.4%), and 14 cases were basically satisfied. Conclusion:The anastomosis fixation method of lifting the SOOF and fixing with the orbital septum and fat effectively removes eyelid bags, smooths tear troughs, and lifts the midface, achieving a rejuvenated appearance and renders a high patient satisfaction rate.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effectiveness of anastomosis fixation method of lifting the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) and fixing with the orbital septum and fat to correct eyelid bags with tear trough deformity.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated at Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from January 2019 to January 2021. The patients underwent lower eyelid blepharoplasty via a sub-lower eyelid skin approach. During the surgery, the SOOF was lifted and fixed with the orbital septum and fat, correcting the eye bags, filling the tear troughs, and lifting the midface. Postoperative observations included incision healing and complications. The correction of eye bags, tear troughs, and midface sagging was followed up. Adobe Photoshop CS6 software was used to measure the vertical distance from the nasolabial and buccal fat prominent point to the lower eyelid margin before surgery and at the last follow-up to evaluate the correction of midface sagging. Data were expressed as Mean ± SD, and pre- and post-operative comparisons were analyzed using paired t-test, with P<0.05 indicating statistical significance. Patients’ and nurses’ satisfaction evaluations of surgical outcomes were classified into three levels: satisfied, basically satisfied, and dissatisfied, requiring consensus between the two evaluators. Results:A total of 132 patients (264 eyes) were included, consisting of 23 males and 109 females, with an average age of (50.3±6.0) years. Hirmand tear trough classification included 178 type Ⅱeyes and 86 type Ⅲ eyes. Postoperative wound healing was well, with no hematoma, infection, diplopia, corneal foreign body sensation, and discomfort from external eye corner tightness. Follow-up ranged from 6-12 months, with 252 out of 264 eye bags disappeared and 12 eye bags reduced. Among the 86 type Ⅲ tear trough eyes, 10 improved to type Ⅰ, while the remaining 76 type Ⅲ and 178 type Ⅱ tear troughs disappeared postoperatively. All 264 midface sagging cases showed improvement, with the vertical distance from the nasolabial fat prominence point to the lower eyelid margin significantly shortening postoperatively [(29.23±1.58) mm vs. (34.08±3.23) mm, t=22.88, P<0.001)]. Satisfaction evaluation result showed 118 cases were satisfied (satisfaction rate of 89.4%), and 14 cases were basically satisfied. Conclusion:The anastomosis fixation method of lifting the SOOF and fixing with the orbital septum and fat effectively removes eyelid bags, smooths tear troughs, and lifts the midface, achieving a rejuvenated appearance and renders a high patient satisfaction rate.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of the orbital septum-method for the repair of pretarsal fullness after double eyelid blepharoplasty.Methods:Date of patients with pretarsal fullness double eyelid who underwent repair surgery in Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were anlalyed retrospectively. All patients were treated with orbital septum-method double eyelid blepharoplasty. During the operation, the scar adhesion was completely released. After the loose adipose fascia tissue under the muscle was removed, the orbital septum was cut horizontally. Using the fusion of the levator aponeurosis with septum as a pedicle, the lower part of the orbital septum was turned downward and then sutured to the upper border of the lower orbicularis oculi muscle and posterior pretarsal fascia. We evaluated the outcomes of this double eyelid repair surgery in the patients undergoing the procedure.Results:Fifty-one patients in this group were followed up for 6-12 months. At 7 days postoperatively, the skin wounds were well healed and the sutures were removed in all patients. At 6-12 months postoperatively, the surgical results were satisfactory in 41 patients (satisfactory rate was 80.4%), basically satisfactory in 8 patients, and unsatisfactory in 2 patients. These two patients had obvious bilaterally asymmetrical double-eyelid folds, one eye was obviously bigger than the other, and the smaller eye displayed mild ptosis. After reoperation to correct the mild ptosis, the results were rated as basically satisfactory.Conclusion:The use of orbital septum-method in the repair of pretarsal fullness double eyelid after surgery has a good effect.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of the orbital septum-method for the repair of pretarsal fullness after double eyelid blepharoplasty.Methods:Date of patients with pretarsal fullness double eyelid who underwent repair surgery in Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were anlalyed retrospectively. All patients were treated with orbital septum-method double eyelid blepharoplasty. During the operation, the scar adhesion was completely released. After the loose adipose fascia tissue under the muscle was removed, the orbital septum was cut horizontally. Using the fusion of the levator aponeurosis with septum as a pedicle, the lower part of the orbital septum was turned downward and then sutured to the upper border of the lower orbicularis oculi muscle and posterior pretarsal fascia. We evaluated the outcomes of this double eyelid repair surgery in the patients undergoing the procedure.Results:Fifty-one patients in this group were followed up for 6-12 months. At 7 days postoperatively, the skin wounds were well healed and the sutures were removed in all patients. At 6-12 months postoperatively, the surgical results were satisfactory in 41 patients (satisfactory rate was 80.4%), basically satisfactory in 8 patients, and unsatisfactory in 2 patients. These two patients had obvious bilaterally asymmetrical double-eyelid folds, one eye was obviously bigger than the other, and the smaller eye displayed mild ptosis. After reoperation to correct the mild ptosis, the results were rated as basically satisfactory.Conclusion:The use of orbital septum-method in the repair of pretarsal fullness double eyelid after surgery has a good effect.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mild hypothermia on inositol requiring enzyme 1-X-box binding protein 1 (IRE1-XBP1) signaling pathway in endoplasmic reticulum in cortex in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods:Fifty-four clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 200-230 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=18 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), cerebral I/R group (group I) and mild hypothermia group (group T). Cerebral I/R was induced by inserting a nylon thread with rounded tip into the internal carotid artery which was occluded for 2 h and then released for reperfusion.The surface cooling was started immediately after reperfusion, and the rectal temperature was maintained at 32-34 ℃ for 3 h in group T. Blood vessels were only exposed, without occlusion in group S. The neurologic deficit was assessed and scored at 24 h of reperfusion.The animals were then sacrificed and the ischemic area of the cerebral cortex was removed for examination of the ultrastructure of the cells (with a transmission electron microscope), for determination of nerve cell apoptosis (using TUNEL), for detection of the expression of IRE1 and XBP1 (by Western blot) and for determination of the expression of IRE1 and XBP1 protein mRNA (using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with group S, the neurologic deficit scores were significantly increased, nerve cell apoptosis in the ischemic area of the cerebral cortex was increased, the expression of IRE1, XBP1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated ( P<0.05), the neuronal nuclei was degenerated and swollen, the nuclear membrane was fragmented and defective, the chromatin was pyknotic and marginalized, and the endoplasmic reticulum was dilated and cisternal in group I and group T. Compared with group I, the neurologic deficit scores were significantly decreased, nerve cell apoptosis in the ischemic area of the cerebral cortex was decreased, the expression of IRE1, XBP1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the damage to the ultrastructure of nerve cells was reduced in group T. Conclusion:The mechanism by which mild hypothermia alleviates focal cerebral I/R injury is associated with further activation of neuronal IRE1-XBP1 signaling pathway and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response in rats.

Objective:To conduct a bibliometric and visual analysis of the current status and trends of international research on keloids.Methods:The articles on keloid research from 2000 to 2020 in the core collection of Web of Science database were retrieved. The bibliometrics method was applied to analyze the number of articles published per year, journals and the first authors, countries and institutions, research fields, the annual citation frequency of cumulative published articles, highly cited articles, keywords. CiteSpace5.6.R2 software was applied to visually cluster keywords of the included articles, while VOSviewer1.6.13 software was applied to visually cluster keywords in titles and abstracts of the included articles in order to analyze research directions and development trends. Results:A total of 2 693 keloid-related articles were retrieved. From 2000 to 2020, the number of keloid-related articles published every year showed a significant upward trend. Totally 777 journals published keloid-related articles, of which Dermatologic Surgery published the most. Rei Ogawa published the largest number of keloid-related articles as the first author of 52 related articles. Keloid-related researches were conducted in a total of 98 countries, of which the United States published the largest number of related articles (613 articles), followed by China (524 articles) and Japan (107 articles). A total of 2 656 institutions conducted keloid-related research, and the institution with the largest number of related articles published was Shanghai Jiao Tong University of China (67 articles). According to the subject classification of the Web of Science database, the included articles involved 110 research fields, and the top three were dermatology, surgery, and medicine, research and experimental. The included articles were cited 47 746 times in total, and the citation frequency of cumulative published articles increased by year. The most frequently cited article (152 times) was published in 2011. There were a total of 45 571 keywords in the included literature. The top 5 keywords ranked according to the number of articles involved from high to low were keloid (588 articles), hypertrophic scar (385 articles), expression (198 articles), fibroblast (155 articles), and scar (133 articles). The keyword map visualized by CiteSpace5.6.R2 software further displayed that the research focused on the cause, performance, and composition of keloids. VOSviewer1.6.13 software analysis showed that the research direction of keloids was divided into two categories of clinical keloid management and keloid mechanism research, the initial research hotspots were mainly to explore the diagnosis and treatment of keloids from individual cases, with a preference for apparent research, while in the later stage, the focus was on the overall management of keloids, in which the mechanism research went to the molecular level. Conclusions:At present, international research interest on keloids is showing an upward trend. Both foreign (the United States, etc.) and domestic research institutions are conducting in-depth explorations of keloids. With dermatology as the leader, the research trend is gradually shifting from observational research to molecular research.

Objective To investigate the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-associated protein PINK1 and Parkin in parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma(CA-EX-PA). Methods The expression of PINK1 and Parkin were detected by immunohistochemistry in 24 cases of normal parotid gland tissues, 32 cases of PA tissues and 42 cases of CA-EX-PA tissues. The correlations of PINK1 and Parkin expression with the clinicopathologic characteristics of CA-EX-PA patients were analyzed. Results The positive rates of PINK1 in normal parotid gland, PA and CA-EX-PA tissues were 100%, 91% and 67% respectively; and those of Parkin were 100%, 88% and 52% respectively. The expression rates of PINK1 and Parkin in PA and CA-EX-PA tissues were significantly lower than those in normal tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of PINK1 and Parkin protein were positively correlated in CA-EX-PA tissues (r=0.877, P < 0.01). In CA-EX-PA tissues, the expression of PINK1 and Parkin were associated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression of PINK1 and Parkin are decreased in PA and CA-EX-PA tissues. The decrease of mitochondrial autophagy activity might play important roles in the development, invasion and metastasis of parotid gland tumors.