Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is a chronic liver disease closely related to metabolic dysfunction. Its global prevalence is increasing year by year and shows a trend toward younger onset. It is closely associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， chronic kidney disease， and extrahepatic malignant tumors， and has become a major public health problem affecting the health of the Chinese population. At present， the treatment of MAFLD mainly focuses on lifestyle intervention. When metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and liver injury are present， pharmacological intervention is required. However， there is still no specific drug therapy for MAFLD. In recent years， many studies have found that the pathogenesis of MAFLD involves interactions among multiple factors， including insulin resistance， oxidative stress， endoplasmic reticulum stress， programmed cell death， immune dysregulation， inflammasomes， gut microbiota imbalance， and bile acid metabolism. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has advantages in integrated regulation with multiple components and multiple targets， and shows significant efficacy in the treatment of MAFLD. Active components of Chinese medicinal herbs and Chinese medicine compound formulas exert definite therapeutic effects by regulating multiple signaling pathways to improve lipid metabolism disorders， inhibit inflammatory responses， and regulate the gut microbiota， thereby effectively improving clinical symptoms and delaying the occurrence and development of MAFLD. Therefore， strengthening research on the mechanisms of action of TCM in MAFLD is of crucial importance and significance for its treatment. This article summarizes the mechanisms by which Chinese medicine monomers and compound formulas intervene in MAFLD through the regulation of related signaling pathways， based on the retrieval and analysis of relevant literature from multiple databases， with the aim of providing theoretical support and a reference basis for the clinical application of TCM in the treatment of MAFLD.

Fe/Mn/Gd polymetallic nanooxide(FMGN)were prepared by one-step solvent thermal reaction by using Fe(acac)3,Mn(acac)2 and Gd(acac)3 as reaction precursors.Next,hyaluronic acid(HA)was used to modify FMGN to fabricate tumor-targeting T 1-T 2 dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)contrast agent(HA-FMGN)for accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer.The structure and morphology of FMGN were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).It was found that FMGN exhibited a uniform nanocluster spherical structure when the feeding ratio of iron acetylacetonate,manganese acetylacetonate,and gadolinium acetylacetonate was 3:2:1.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis showed that FMGN had a typical inverse spinel structure of Mn doped Fe 3O 4,with Gd existing in the form of amorphous gadolinium oxide.The longitudinal relaxivity(r 1)and transverse relaxivity(r 2)of FMGN were 13.395 and 428.535 L/(mmol·s),respectively,measured by 0.5 T MRI analyzer,which proved that FMGN had excellent T 1-T 2 dual-mode MRI contrast capability.The cytotoxicity and hemolysis test found that HA-FMGN didn't damage red cells and induce toxicity for normal cells,indicating that HA-FMGN had excellent cell biocompatibility.The internalization efficacy of HA-FMGN was observed by CLSM,and the results showed that HA-FMGN possessed excellent prostate tumor-targeting ability.In vivo MRI experiment showed that HA-FMGN significantly enhanced T 1 and T 2 weighted MRI signal to noise ratio(SNR)of prostate tumor,which promoted the accurate diagnosis of orthotopic prostate cancer.

Objective:Systematic evaluation and integration of the exercise experience of HIV infected/AIDS patients.Methods:Databases including Web of science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Wangfang Database, CNKI, SinoMed and Vip were searched, from their inception to January 31, 2024, to collect qualitative studies on HIV infected/AIDS patients′ experience of exercise. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. The results were integrated by integrating methods.Results:A total of 20 studies were included. 87 complete findings were grouped according to similarities to form 10 new categories.These categories resulted in 4 synthesized findings: perceived benefits of exercise in HIV infected/AIDS patients; motivation of exercise in HIV infected/AIDS patients; obstructive factors of exercise in HIV infected/AIDS patients; the needs and expectations of HIV infected/AIDS for exercise.Conclusions:Exercise is a supportive nursing choice for HIV infected/AIDS patients during the treatment process, and nursing staff should pay attention to the patients′perception of exercise and guide their perception of benefits. Focus on the patients′ positive psychology and provide support from multiple perspectives. Pay attention to the factors that hinder patient movement and provide personalized care. Targeting patient needs and optimizing home exercise intervention methods.

Immune cells are formed by the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow,in-cluding lymphocytes,macrophages,etc,which participate in the immune defense,immune stability and immune monitoring of the body,and are an indispensable basic component of the immune system.Basic helix-loop-helix family member E40(BHLHE40)has been shown to play an important role in adipogenesis,tumorigenesis,circadian rhythm and hypoxia response.Recently,it was found that BHLHE40 plays a key role in the cell cycle,proliferation and cytokine production of immune cells.This article will review the discovery,naming,structure,and mechanism of BHLHE40 in various periods,as well as it's research progress in immune cells,in order to provide new target for the treatment of immune-related diseases at the genetic level.

Objective:To construct bacterial cytoplasmic membrane nanovesicles(BMV)with overexpressing programmed death 1(PD-1),denoted as BMV-PD-1 and evaluate the targeting efficacy of BMV-PD-1 towards transplanted lung tumor tissues in mice.Methods:The fusion plasmid ClyA-PD-1-EGFP fused by PD-1 and Cytolysin A(ClyA)was transferred into Escherichia coli BL21-Codonplus through plasmid transformation.Laser confocal microscopy,SDS-PAGE,and WB were used to detect the expression of the fusion protein ClyA-PD-1-EGFP.Bacterial membranes were extracted and processed with an extruder to generate BMV-PD-1.TEM and NTA were utilized to assess the morphology,size distribution,and zeta potential of BMV-PD-1,while WB was used to verify the presence of PD-1 protein.Laser confocal imaging was conducted to monitor the uptake of BMV-PD-1 by Lewis lung cancer cells.A C57BL/6J mouse subcutaneous transplant tumor model of LLC lung cancer cells was constructed,and the tumor targeting of BMV-PD-1 was evaluated by small animal imaging system.Results:Laser confocal microscopy images demonstrated that the plasmid ClyA-PD-1-EGFP was transferred into BL21-Codonplus and successfully expressed into protein.SDS-PAGE results suggested that ClyA-PD-1-EGFP was overexpressed in BL21-Codonplus.WB analysis indicated that PD-1 was expressed in bacteria and highly expressed in BMV-PD-1(P<0.001).NTA and TEM analyses revealed that BMV-PD-1 were spherical vesicles with a diameter of(145±14)nm and a negative surface charge.Laser confocal imaging showed that the high expression of PD-1 significantly increased the uptake of BMV-PD-1 by lung cancer cells(P<0.01).In vivo imaging of small animals further confirmed that the high expression of PD-1 can effectively improve cancer targeting of BMV-PD-1(P<0.01).Conclusion:In this study,bacterial plasma membrane nanovesicles BMV-PD-1 with high PD-1 expression are successfully constructed,and it is found that PD-1 overexpression markedly improve the mouse lung cancer xenograft tissue targeting specificity of BMV-PD-1,laying the groundwork for further development of BMV-PD-1 as a carrier for targeted drug delivery systems in tumors.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tonifying kidney and activating blood thera-py for the treatment of diabetic mellitus erectile dysfunction.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data,VIP,Chinese Biomedical Database(CBM),PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and Web of Science were searched from incep-tion until October 20th of 2024,for randomized controlled trials of Tonifying kidney and activating blood therapy for the treatment of dia-betic erectile dysfunction.Literature screening,quality evaluation,and data extraction were carried out in accordance with relevant standards.The software of RevMan5.4 was used for the analysis of publication bias.And meta-analysis was conducted to assess the im-pact of this therapy on IIEF-5,total effective rate,adverse reactions.The evidence levels according to the analysis results were evalua-ted.Results:Totally 19 RCTs were included,involving 1 612 patients.The result of meta-analysis indicated that Tonifying kidney and activating blood therapy had advantages on the improvement of IIEF-5 scores(MD=3.59,95％CI[2.14,5.03],P＜0.01),total effective rate(OR=4.30,95％CI[3.29,5.32],P＜0.000 01).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the inci-dence of adverse reactions(OR=0.98,95％CI[0.48,2.01],P=0.96)between the two groups.Conclusions:Tonifying kidney and activating blood therapy can improve the clinical efficacy and IIEF-5 score for the patients with diabetic erectile dysfunction.But considering the limited quantity of included studies,more high-quality studies still be needed to validate the therapeutic effect.

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic role of balanced matching concept in the surgical release of moderate and severe elbow stiffness after trauma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 20 patients who had been treated by surgical release from June 2022 to January 2024 for elbow stiffness after moderate and severe trauma at Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The First Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University of PLA using the balanced matching concept (combination of elbow soft tissue balance and bone matching). There were 15 males and 5 females, with an age of (33.0±8.9) years. Six left sides and 14 right sides were affected. The elbow stiffness was severe in 13 cases and moderate in 7 cases. Six patients had mainly bony stiffness, 4 patients mainly soft stiffness, and 10 patients mixed stiffness. The elbow flexion and extension, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score were recorded and compared before release and at the last follow-up. The recurrence of ectopic ossification, infection, iatrogenic fracture and other complications of the elbow joint of the affected limb were recorded.Results:All the 20 patients were followed up for (16.6±3.5) months. At the last follow-up, the elbow flexion and extension (121.8°±8.9° and 14.8°±8.2°) were significantly greater than those before operation (73.5°±25.7° and 47.3°±19.2°), and the MEPS and DASH scores [ (90.0±5.6) points, (5.6±3.0) points] were significantly better than those before operation [(53.0±12.8) points, (62.1±14.0) points] ( P<0.05). Iatrogenic fracture of the ulna occurred in 1 patient, and pinky numbness occurred in 1 patient after surgery. None of the patients had recurrence of ectopic ossification or wound infection. Conclusion:In the surgical release of moderate and severe elbow stiffness after trauma, the concept of balanced matching plays a positive role by facilitating the functional restoration of the elbow and reducing the incidence of complications.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the qualitative study on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication experience among men who have sex with men (MSM) .Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched. The search period was from database establishment to February 1, 2024. The methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center. The integrative synthesis was used to integrate the findings.Results:A total of 11 articles were included, and 36 findings were distilled into eight new categories, which were synthesized to form three integrated findings (perceived PrEP medication benefits by MSM, perceived barriers to PrEP medication by MSM, and multidimensional adaptations to enhance the PrEP medication experience in MSM) .Conclusions:Healthcare providers should pay close attention to the PrEP medication experience of MSM, identify medication challenges promptly, and focus on assisting them with self-adaptation to improve the PrEP medication experience and increase PrEP medication adherence in MSM.