With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of rhein(RHE)on ischemic mice and its potential mechanism of reducing inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting Notch/nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway.Methods The classical middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)method was used to construct ischemic stroke mouse models.The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups including the sham operation group(sham),the model group(MCAO),the MCAO+edaravone group(Eda),the MCAO+RHE-treated group(RHE),and the MCAO+RHE+Notch activitor Jagged 1 group(RHE+J).Each group has 18 mice.The Bederson scoring system,balance beam walking test and accelerated rotating rod test were used to assess the neurological function and locomotor ability of mice in each group.2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining,hematoxylin eosin staining,and TUNEL method were used to assess cerebral infarction,hippocampal morphological damage,and neuronal apoptosis.ELISA was used to analysis the levels of interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in hippocampal tissue.Western blotting was used to analysis caspase-3,Notch 1,Hes1,and NF-κB p65 protein expression.Results Compared with the sham group,Bederson score,balance beam score,cerebral infarct volume,IL-6 and TNF-α levels,the proportion of TUNEL-positively stained cells,caspase-3,Notch1,Hes1,and p-NF-κB p65 protein expression were significantly increased in the MCAO group,whereas the latency to fall decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Compared with the MCAO group,Bederson score,balance beam score,cerebral infarct volume,IL-6 and TNF-α levels,proportion of TUNEL-positively stained cells,caspase-3,Notch1,Hes1,and p-NF-κB p65 protein expression were significantly lower in both Eda and RHE groups,whereas the latency to fall increased significantly(P＜0.05).Compared with the RHE group,Bederson score,balance beam score,cerebral infarction volume,IL-6 and TNF-α levels,the proportion of TUNEL-positively stained cells,caspase-3,Notch1,Hes1,and p-NF-κB p65 protein expression increased significantly in the RHE+J group,whereas the latency to fall decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Rhein can significantly improve nerve function in ischemic mice by inhibiting Notch/NF-κB signaling pathway activation,suggesting that rhein has potential clinical application value.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Siwu decoction(SWD)on immune injury induced by 60Coγ-rays in mice and the related mechanism.Meth-ods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups:Control group(Control),Model group(Mod-el),Siwu decoction low-dose group(SWD-L),Siwu decoction medium-dose group(SWD-M),Siwu decoc-tion high-dose group(SWD-H)and resveratrol positive group(Resveratrol,Res).The drug was continued to be administered 11 days before and after irradiation,with a single whole-body irradiation of 4 Gy,and all in-dexes were detected three days after irradiation.The changes of peripheral blood and organ indexes were de-tected.Serum levels of cytokine interferon gamma(IFN-γ),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-17,transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and immunoglobulin A(IgA),IgG,IgM,and complement protein 3(C3),C4 content were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).B lymphocytes,T lymphocytes,NK cells in spleen and T lymphocytes in thymus were de-tected by flow cytometry.The pathological changes of spleen and thymus were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The expression of Sirt 1 protein in spleen after radiation was detected by immunofluores-cence staining.The protein contents of Sirt1,PI3K,Akt,p-Akt and mTOR in spleen were detected by Western blot assay.Results SWD could significantly increase LYMPH％and reduce pathological injury of spleen and thymus.Flow cytometry showed that SWD could significantly increase the percentage of CD19+B lymphocytes in spleen,decrease the percentage of NK lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+in spleen and thymus.ELISA results showed that SWD signifi-cantly inhibited the expression of IL-1 β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-17,IFN-γ,TGF-β,TNF-α,and increased the content of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10.At the same time,SWD significantly inhibited the increase of IgA,IgG,IgM,C3 and C4 induced by radiation.The results of immunofluorescence staining and Western blot showed that SWD could decrease the expression of PI3K,Akt,p-Akt and mTOR protein,and enhance the expression of Sirt1 protein.Conclusions SWD has obvious preventive effect on immune damage induced by 60Co gamma radiation in mice.The mechanism may be related to Sirt1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR.

This paper aims to study the effect of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression-like and insomnia behavior models of mice. The CUMS-induced depression-like and insomnia behavior model of mice was established by CUMS treatment for three weeks. The mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive drug diazepam group(2 mg·kg~(-1)), as well as low-dose group(1.95 g·kg~(-1)), medium-dose group(3.9 g·kg~(-1)), and high-dose group(7.8 g·kg~(-1)) of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts, with 18 mice in each group. On the 15th day of modeling, the drug was administered intragastrically once a day for one week. Then, the pentobarbital sodium cooperative righting experiment, open field experiment, and elevated plus maze experiment were carried out, respectively. The contents of neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) in serum and thalamus of mice, as well as the levels of corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), and corticosterone(CORT) in serum, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The neuron damage in the hippocampus of mice was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and Nissl staining. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2), serotonin transporter(SERT), monoamine oxidase A(MAOA), five prime repressors under dual repression binding protein 1(Freud1), synaptic plasticity-related proteins [cellular gene FOS(C-FOS), postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95), synapsin 1(SYN1), and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated gene(ARC)], blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeability-related proteins [zonula occludens 1(ZO-1), occludin, and claudin 1], inflammatory factors [NOD-, LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC), gasdermin D(GSDMD), caspase-3, and caspase-8], and antioxidant factors [nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1(HO1)] in thalamic tissue of mice. The results indicated that compared with that in the model group, the sleep latency was significantly shortened, and the sleep duration was significantly prolonged in each dose group of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts. The number of visits to the central area of the open field and the distance and time of visits were significantly increased in each dose group of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts. In addition, the proportion of distance and time of entering the open arm area of the elevated plus maze was significantly increased in each dose group of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts. The contents of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in serum and thalamus of mice increased to varying degrees in each dose group of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts; the contents of CRH, ACTH, and CORT in serum of mice were significantly decreased. The protein expression of TPH2 was significantly increased. The protein expression of MAOA, SERT, and Freud1 was significantly decreased. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts could also significantly reduce the protein expression of C-FOS but significantly increase the protein expression of PSD95, ARC, and SYN1. They could reduce the pathological damage of the hippocampus in mice and significantly increase the protein expression of ZO-1, occluding, and claudin 1. The protein expression of NLRP3, GSDMD, ASC, caspase-3, and caspase-8 in the thalamic tissue of mice was significantly decreased, and the protein expression of HO1 and NRF2 was significantly increased. In conclusion, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts could effectively improve sleep disorders and depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced model mice, which may be related to regulating the 5-HT anabolism process and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis-related hormone levels, reducing pathological damage in the hippocampus, improving synaptic plasticity, repairing BBB integrity, and alleviating inflammatory response and oxidative stress damage.
Animals ; Ziziphus/chemistry* ; Mice ; Male ; Depression/psychology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/psychology* ; Stress, Psychological/complications* ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects* ; Humans ; Disease Models, Animal

Objective To investigate the effects of blade outlet angle,impeller channel slope and impeller draft angle on hemolytic performance and hydraulic performance in a magnetically levitated centrifugal blood pump using computational fluid dynamics,aiming to optimize these parameters for improving blood compatibility.Methods Numerical simulations of a magnetically levitated centrifugal blood pump were performed using Fluent to calculate the shear stress and head on blood cells during blood pump flow and to predict the hemolytic performance of the centrifugal blood pump.Results With the increase of the blade outlet angle to 60°,the percentage of the low shear stress from 0 to 150 Pa increased to 98.9%,and the percentage of the shear stress from 150 to 300 Pa decreased to 0.6%.The maximum reduction of hemolysis index of the blood pump was 28.89%with different combinations of the impeller channel slope and the impeller draft angle.Conclusion The increase of the blade outlet angle will effectively improve the shear stress distribution in the pump,thus reducing the hemolysis index.Comparing the positive effects of impeller draft angle and channel slope on the blood pump,the optimization of the channel slope can be prioritized.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To investigate the effects of blade outlet angle,impeller channel slope and impeller draft angle on hemolytic performance and hydraulic performance in a magnetically levitated centrifugal blood pump using computational fluid dynamics,aiming to optimize these parameters for improving blood compatibility.Methods Numerical simulations of a magnetically levitated centrifugal blood pump were performed using Fluent to calculate the shear stress and head on blood cells during blood pump flow and to predict the hemolytic performance of the centrifugal blood pump.Results With the increase of the blade outlet angle to 60°,the percentage of the low shear stress from 0 to 150 Pa increased to 98.9%,and the percentage of the shear stress from 150 to 300 Pa decreased to 0.6%.The maximum reduction of hemolysis index of the blood pump was 28.89%with different combinations of the impeller channel slope and the impeller draft angle.Conclusion The increase of the blade outlet angle will effectively improve the shear stress distribution in the pump,thus reducing the hemolysis index.Comparing the positive effects of impeller draft angle and channel slope on the blood pump,the optimization of the channel slope can be prioritized.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Siwu decoction(SWD)on immune injury induced by 60Coγ-rays in mice and the related mechanism.Meth-ods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups:Control group(Control),Model group(Mod-el),Siwu decoction low-dose group(SWD-L),Siwu decoction medium-dose group(SWD-M),Siwu decoc-tion high-dose group(SWD-H)and resveratrol positive group(Resveratrol,Res).The drug was continued to be administered 11 days before and after irradiation,with a single whole-body irradiation of 4 Gy,and all in-dexes were detected three days after irradiation.The changes of peripheral blood and organ indexes were de-tected.Serum levels of cytokine interferon gamma(IFN-γ),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-17,transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and immunoglobulin A(IgA),IgG,IgM,and complement protein 3(C3),C4 content were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).B lymphocytes,T lymphocytes,NK cells in spleen and T lymphocytes in thymus were de-tected by flow cytometry.The pathological changes of spleen and thymus were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The expression of Sirt 1 protein in spleen after radiation was detected by immunofluores-cence staining.The protein contents of Sirt1,PI3K,Akt,p-Akt and mTOR in spleen were detected by Western blot assay.Results SWD could significantly increase LYMPH％and reduce pathological injury of spleen and thymus.Flow cytometry showed that SWD could significantly increase the percentage of CD19+B lymphocytes in spleen,decrease the percentage of NK lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+in spleen and thymus.ELISA results showed that SWD signifi-cantly inhibited the expression of IL-1 β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-17,IFN-γ,TGF-β,TNF-α,and increased the content of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10.At the same time,SWD significantly inhibited the increase of IgA,IgG,IgM,C3 and C4 induced by radiation.The results of immunofluorescence staining and Western blot showed that SWD could decrease the expression of PI3K,Akt,p-Akt and mTOR protein,and enhance the expression of Sirt1 protein.Conclusions SWD has obvious preventive effect on immune damage induced by 60Co gamma radiation in mice.The mechanism may be related to Sirt1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR.

Aim To study the effects of different peri-ods of hypoxia on gastrointestinal stress in mice by sim-ulating hypoxia environment at high altitude in a low-pressure oxygen chamber.Methods The normal con-trol group and the model group for 1,3 and 5 days were set up according to different periods of hypobaric hypoxia.The intestinal propulsion rate,visceral sensi-tivity and pathological damage of gastrointestinal tract were detected after hypobaric hypoxia treatment.The contents of IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α in gastrointestinal tract and the contents of gastrointestinal hormone,di-amine oxidase and D-lactic acid were detected by en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The ex-pressions of tight-junction protein and tight junction in-jury pathway protein in intestinal tissues were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the intestinal propulsion rate of the model group was accelerated,and the intestinal sensitivity in-creased.The expression of intestinal mucosal injury markers increased.Gastrointestinal motility inhibiting hormone decreased and gastrointestinal motility promo-ting hormone increased.The expression of tight junc-tion proteins ZO-1,claudin-1,occludin and VASP of tight junction injury-related pathway decreased,while the expression of NF-κB,HIF-1α and VEGF in tight junction injury-related pathway increased.The expres-sions of IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α in gastrointestinal tis-sue increased.The content of pepsin in gastric tissue increased.The injury of gastrointestinal tissue was less in the 1-day group,and more serious in the 3-day and 5-day groups.Conclusions Stress injury occurs in the gastrointestinal tract of mice at different time points in hypoxia and hypoxia environment,and the gastroin-testinal function injury is more serious after three days of exposure,which may be related to the activation of NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF/VASP pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effects of regenerating islet-derived protein 3A (REG3A) on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods: Five low-grade, five high-grade glioma tissues and ten adjacent tissues from glioma patients who underwent surgery at Linyi People's Hospital from October 17, 2017 to October 18, 2018 were collected. Human glioma cell lines (SF295, U251, TG905, A172, CRT) and a primary glioma cell line PT-1 were cultured in vitro. The protein and mRNA expressions of REG3A in these tissues and glioma cell lines were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). SF295 cells were infected with lentivirus and labeled as REG3A plasmid transfection group, and the TG905 cells were transfected with si-REG3A by liposome transfection reagent and labeled as si-REG3A transfection group. At the same time, the empty transfection control and blank control groups were set up. Glioma cells were treated with REG3A recombinant protein alone or in combination with Akt1/2 inhibitors. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and cell scratch assay were used to detect cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) in REG3A overexpressed and knockdown glioma cells. Results: RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of REG3A in glioma cells in each group were U251 (2.129±0.13), TG905 (2.22±0.59), CRT (5.02±0.31), A172 (6.62±1.34) and PT-1 (9.18±0.61), respectively, higher than its expression in SF295 cells (1.00±0.18, P<0.001). The mRNA expression level of REG3A in high-grade glioma tissue samples (3.18±2.92) was higher than that in the control group (1.00±1.14, P=0.031) and low-grade glioma group (0.90±0.67, P=0.014). The results of western blot and immunohistochemical staining were consistent with that of RT-qPCR. The migration rate of cells in si-REG3A transfection group [(60.57±5.30)%] was lower than that of the empty transfection group [(84.18±13.63)% (P=0.038)] and blank control group [(79.65±12.09)% (P=0.076)]. The results of the scratch experiment showed that the migration rate of cells in REG3A plasmid transfected cells in the SF295 group was (96.05±6.41)%, which was significantly higher than that of empty transfected cells [(74.47±8.23)%, P=0.021)]. REG3A recombinant protein could up-regulate the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and p-Akt in SF295 cells. Compared with the control group [(100.00±2.53)%], the proliferation rate in the REG3A recombinant protein group [(117.70±10.24)%] was significantly up-regulated, and the proliferation rate in the REG3A recombinant protein+ Akt inhibitor group [(98.31±3.64)%] was significantly lower than that of the REG3A recombinant protein group (P=0.017). The migration rate of the REG3A recombinant protein+ Akt inhibitor group was (63.35±4.06)%, which was significantly lower than (89.26±11.07)% of the REG3A recombinant protein group (P=0.019). Conclusion: REG3A can promote the proliferation and invasion of human glioma cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation/genetics* ; Glioma/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Vimentin/metabolism*