ObjectiveHistorically documented Zhejiang Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（Baizhu） possesses premium characteristics such as phoenix-like head and crane-like neck， pronounced sweetness， and fragrant aroma. However， its current market circulation is low， and the processed products with Zhejiang-style characteristics are at the risk of being lost. This study aims to preserve the ancient Zhejiang-style processing techniques and evaluate them using modern scientific methods. MethodsMultidimensional intelligent sensory evaluation was used to digitally characterize the "quality-structure" of the external appearance of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu medicinal materials（intermediate processed products） and the "odor-taste" of the internal quality of its decoction pieces（slices）， and the appearance parameters were digitally characterized by colorimeter， texture analyzer， electronic nose and electronic tongue， the chemical composition was analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. Then， cluster analysis on the differences in odor between the medicinal materials（intermediate processed products） and decoction pieces（slices） of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu was conducted， as well as the differences in taste between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of the decoction pieces（slices）， and the correlation analysis of chroma value-alcohol-soluble extract content-component response value. ResultsThe nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu had a dark brown to black epidermis， a brownish-yellow to brownish-gray cross-section， a slightly tough texture， a faint odor， and a slightly sweet， bitter and pungent taste. Texture analyzer measurements revealed minimal adhesion and maximum recovery in the middle section of the characteristic processed Baizhu， consistent with the processing endpoint of thorough steaming and cooking. The head section showed the highest internal hardness， elasticity and chewiness， indicating a denser texture in this area. The electronic nose sensor could clearly distinguish the difference between the medicinal materials and its decoction pieces， with a more significant clustering effect at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes compared to ambient temperature headspace for 2 hours， highlighting the significant impact of the baking degree before slicing on the quality. The electronic tongue taste signal map clearly distinguished the differences between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu decoction pieces， and the addition of auxiliary materials during processing could enhance its alcohol-soluble extract content. A total of 82 chemical components were identified in the characteristic processed Baizhu. After processing， the contents of 58 components increased， while 24 components decreased. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations（P<0.01） between ethanol-soluble extract content and colorimetric values of brightness（L^*）， yellow-bule value（b^*）， and total color difference（E^*_ab）. E^*_ab showed marked negative correlations（P<0.05） with the response values of isochlorogenic acid A and C. ConclusionThis study establishes a modern intelligent sensory evaluation model for multidimensional holographic characterization of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu， clarifying the correlation between increased isochlorogenic acid content and the visual color appearance after different steaming cycles， as well as its intrinsic alcohol-soluble extracts. This provides a reference for quality evaluation and processing standards of the Zhejiang-style characteristic processed products.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Bufei Tongbi decoction on pulmonary fibrosis in diabetic rats via the transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/phosphorylated Smad family member 3 （p-Smad3） signaling pathway. MethodsStreptozotocin （60 mg·kg^-1） and bleomycin （24.80 U·kg^-1） were used to prepare the rat model of diabetes with pulmonary fibrosis by intratracheal injection. Sixty rats were randomly assigned into blank， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.98， 7.95， and 15.90 g·kg^-1， respectively） Bufei Tongbi decoction， and pirfenidone （0.36 mg·kg^-1） groups （n=10）. The successfully modeled rats in each group were administrated with corresponding agents once per day for four consecutive weeks. After drug administration， fasting blood glucose and lung function indicators were measured. Chemical immunoassay was employed to determine the serum levels of hydroxyproline （Hyp）， hyaluronic acid （HA）， and laminin （LN）. The lung index was determined by the wet and dry methods. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the degree of fibrosis was detected by Masson staining. The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β₁， p-Smad3， Smad3， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 （Col1A1）， and fibronectin were determined by PCR and Western blotting， respectively. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed alveolar septa thickening， obvious thickening of the basement membrane of pulmonary blood vessels， severe destruction of the alveolar structure， structural disarrangement of the lung parenchyma， and an increase in the proportion of inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue， together with a large amount of blue collagen deposition and a large amount of collagen fibroplasia in the bronchial wall， vessel wall， interstitium， and alveolar wall， which indicated severe fibrosis. Bufei Tongbi decoction groups and the pirfenidone group showed lower fasting blood glucose level （P<0.05） and higher forced vital capacity （FVC）， cytoplasmic dynein （Cydn）， FEV_0.3/FEV ratio， and lung index （P<0.05） than the model group. Moreover， these groups demonstrated alleviated lung fibrosis， elevated Hyp， HA， and LN levels， down-regulated mRNA levels of α-SMA， Col1A1， and fibronectin， and down-regulated protein levels of TGF-β₁， Smad3， p-Smad3， α-SMA， Col1A1， and fibronectin （P<0.05）. ConclusionBufei Tongbi decoction can inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in diabetic rats by inhibiting the TGF-β₁/p-Smad3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the relationship between quantitative parameters of the histogram of global fat fraction(FF)in the infrapatellar fat pad(IPFP)and the severity of knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods A total of 120 patients were prospectively selected and divided into the non-KOA group(KL grade 0-1),the mild KOA group(KL grade 2),and the severe KOA group(KL grade 3-4)based on the Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)classification criteria of knee X-rays.The FF maps of the IPFP were obtained based on the mDIXON-Quant technique.The region of interest(ROI)was delineated using 3D Slicer software,and global histogram analysis was performed to obtain quantitative parameters,including mean,median,10th percentile(10th),90th percentile(90th),skewness,kurtosis,and entropy.Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between each quanti-tative parameter and the severity of KOA.The diagnostic efficacy was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results As the progression of KL classification,the mean,median,percentiles,and kurtosis of the global FF histogram quantitative parameters in the IPFP decreased,while skewness and entropy increased,with statistically significant among the three groups(P＜0.001).The mean,median,10th,90th,and kurtosis showed negative correlations with the KL classification(r=-0.563,-0.448,-0.614,-0.294,-0.450),while skewness and entropy showed positive correlations with the KL classification(r=0.385,0.637),all of which were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing KOA were 0.799,0.725,0.828,0.636,0.741,0.688,and 0.830,respectively.The sensitivity of the 10th and entropy were 74.4％and 77.9％,respectively,and the specificity were 85.3％and 88.2％,respectively.Conclusion The quantitative parameters of the histogram of global FF in the IPFP are correlated with the severity of KOA and can reflect the pathophysiological changes in the IPFP.They can serve as objective indicators for diagnosing KOA and assessing its severity.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathological process involving multiple injury factors and cell types, with different stages. Currently, protective drugs targeting a single condition are limited in efficacy, and interventions on immune cells will also be accompanied by a series of side effects. In the current bottleneck research stage, the multi-target and obvious clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) is expected to become a breakthrough point in the research and development of new drugs. In this review, we summarize the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in various stages of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and on various types of cells. Combined with the current research progress in reducing ROS/RNS with CM, new therapies and mechanisms for the treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion are discussed.
Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism* ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Relevant China's literature on the application of brain-computer interface technology in the field of rehabilita-tion of stroke patients was retrieved in the China Knowledge Network database from its establishment to December 31,2024,and CiteSpace visual analysis software was used to analyze the selected literature in terms of trend of annual publica-tion number,author collaboration network,keyword co-occurrences and emergences and to generate a corresponding knowledge map.It's pointed out brain-computer interface technology showed significant application potential for motor function recovery and neurorehabilitation,which had the research hotspots of the cross technologies covering motor imagina-tion,rehabilitation training and virtual reality and the research frontiers of the fusion application of intelligent algorithms of deep learning and pattern recognition.The challenges and future development directions of the field were investigated,and references were provided for promoting the application of brain-computer interface technology to rehabilitation of sroke patients in China.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):65-69]

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Objective:To compare the mid-term efficacy of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and related postoperative complications.Method:Clinical data of patients undergoing indirect OAGB or SG from Jan to Dec 2022 was enrolled. Firty-eight patients were included in the OAGB group and 178 patients were included in the SG group. Propensity matching scores was performed with matching ratio of 1∶1. Eighty-four patients (42 in each group) were included in the analysis finally. We compared the differences in weight loss, metabolic syndrome remission, and postoperative complications among different groups.Result:The 2-year follow-up results show that the OAGB group and SG group showed similar improvements in weight, BMI, percentage of total weight loss, percentage of excess weight loss [(71.60±11.47)kg vs. (72.90±11.21)kg, t=0.529, P>0.05;(26.13±4.16)kg/m 2vs. (26.86±4.12)kg/m 2, t=0.805, P>0.05; (30.89%±9.68%) vs. (27.59%±7.74%), t=1.726, P>0.05; (99.25%± 36.35%) vs. (97.02%±40.97%), t=0.264, P>0.05]. In terms of metabolic complications, the OAGB group had a higher remission rate. The OAGB group showed more significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose, glycated Hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, uric acid [(5.11±0.36)mmol/L vs. (5.40±0.63)mmol/L, t=2.593, P<0.05; (5.13%±0.4%) vs. (5.38%±0.36%), t=2.889, P<0.05; (0.94±0.35)mmol/L vs. (1.12±0.41)mmol/L, t=2.145, P<0.05; (330.60±73.73)μmol/L vs. (394.30±111.43)μmol/L, t=3.089, P<0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in hemoglobin and albumin, but the serum iron in the OAGB group was lower than SG group, and the difference was statistically significant [(14.45±7.75)μmol/L vs.(17.78±6.58)μmol/L, t=2.118, P<0.05]. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative complications. Conclusion:OAGB has similar weight loss effects and postoperative complication rates compared to SG, and effectively improves metabolic symptoms.

Objective To investigate the effect of PTGS2 knockdown on tumor-associated macrophage(TAM)M2 polarization in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Adenovirus-mediated knockdown of PTGS2 was performed in primary NPC cells.A co-culture system of primary NPC cells and TAMs and a mixed three-dimensional(3D)co-culture of primary NPC cells,TAMs,and human CD8+T cells were established in vitro.The control,Adv-PTGS2 shRNA,and Adv-shRNA NT groups were subjected to in vitro and in vivo experiments.In the co-culture system of primary NPC cells and TAMs,IL-12,IL-10,and TGF-βlevels in the culture superna-tants were determined using the ELISA.MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels in primary NPC were determined using Western blotting.In the mixed culture system of the three types of cells,cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 method.IFN-γand GZMBmRNA levels were determined using qPCR.The three types of cell-mixed cultures were injected subcutaneously into xenografts,and tumor growth was monitored for 21 d.Results Compared with control group,IL-12 levels increased and IL-10 and TGF-βlevels decreased in the culture supernatant of Adv-PTGS2 shRNA cells(P<0.05).MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels in primary NPC decreased(P<0.05).Com-pared with the control group,CD8+T cell proliferation ability and relative IFN-γand GZMBmRNA expression levels increased(P<0.05 for both experiments)in the Adv-PTGS2 shRNA cells.Compared with the control group,the Adv-PTGS2 shRNA group showed slower tumor growth(P<0.05)and lower tumor mass(P<0.05)in in vivo xenografts.Conclusion PTGS2knockdown inhibited TAM M2 pola-rization,regulated the immune-hot state in the tumor microenvironment,and inhibited NPC growth.

Severe open tibiofibular fractures account for approximately 28.1% of all open fractures. Among them, Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB/C fractures present significant clinical challenges due to associated bone and soft tissue defects, high infection rates, and risk of amputation. Inadequate preoperative assessment may lead to suboptimal emergency surgical planning or intraoperative complications. Historically, external fixation was often preferred, but this approach has been associated with limitations such as restricted joint mobility, delayed bone union, joint stiffness, and disuse osteoporosis, resulting in poor functional recovery. With advancements of debridement techniques, standardization of antibiotic use, and popularization of early soft tissue coverage, early internal fixation has gained broader acceptance. Nevertheless, controversies persist regarding the choice of fixation method, timing of definitive fixation, use of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing, and necessity of fibular fixation. To standardize the diagnosis and early management of severe open tibiofibular fractures, reduce complication rates, and improve functional recovery, the Society of Microsurgery of the Chinese Medical Association organized a panel of domestic experts to develop the Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and early fixation of severe open tibiofibular fractures ( version 2025), using evidence-based methodology. The guidelines provided 12 recommendations covering diagnostic and early fixation strategies of severe open tibiofibular fractures, aiming to provide clinicians with scientifically grounded and standardized guidance.

Objective To verify the efficacy of a domestic human DNA quantification kit based on real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in detecting the total human DNA concentration,male DNA concen-tration in mixed male/female DNA samples,the degree of DNA degradation and inhibitor tolerance.Methods Samples with different concentrations,different male/female ratios,different concentrations of inhibitors,and different degradation degrees were tested using the domestic human DNA quantification kit based on real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.This kit was compared with a similar product on the market and was applied to the detection of DNA from real cases.Results This human DNA quan-tification kit can effectively detect human DNA as low as 0.001 65 ng/μL,and 6.25 pg/μL of male DNA in mixed samples with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶15 000.Even when the sample contains as high as 400 ng/μL of humic acid or 1 000 μmol/L of hemin alone,the DNA concentration can still be accurately detected.The degradation index can effectively characterize the degradation degree of the sample.This kit has been successfully applied in forensic practice.Conclusion This human DNA quan-tification kit is accurate and reliable in detection.It can accurately reflect the degradation of DNA and inhibitor tolerance.It has good performance in quantitative accuracy,determination of the male/female ratio in mixed samples,and inhibitor tolerance.It has application potential in forensic case examination.