AIM: To investigate the differences in ocular parameters among patients with varying degrees of myopia, analyze the correlation between tessellated fundus(FT)severity and ocular biometric parameters as well as fundus lesions, and evaluate the clinical value of peripheral retinal lesions, FT, and ultra-wide-field imaging(UWFI)in the risk assessment of myopic fundus lesions.METHODS: Patients with ametropia who were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Red Cross Hospital from June 2022 to June 2025 were retrospectively collected.The participants were divided into four groups according to different spherical equivalent(SE): emmetropia and mild myopia group(-3.0 D

Technological innovation and management transformation not only introduce negentropy into public hospital organizations but may also exacerbate entropy accumulation.Different combinations of diagnostic and treatment technologies and management transformations have different impacts on the total entropy.While improved diagnostic-therapeutic technologies and management transformations enhance technological negentropy and managerial negentropy,thereby increasing operational efficiency,it may simultaneously increases organizational complexity,causing inefficient information flow,delayed decision-making,resource wastage,and elevated technological entropy and managerial entropy.Specialty-driven deployment of hospital management strategies enables a dual-driven mechanism to introduce negentropy.By constructing dissipative structures that enhance"synergistic negentropy"while reducing"internal friction entropy",hospitals can decrease organizational disorder and increase diagnostic-therapeutic coordination to achieve high-quality development.

Objective:According to the"Technology-Organization-Environment"framework,it aims to analyze barriers of meaningful use of digital technologies in primary care facilities and propose corresponding optimization strategies.Methods:Nvivo 11.0 Software is used to conduct thematic framework analysis on interview data of primary healthcare and administrative staff in a district of Jiangsu Province.Results:The barriers are as follows:(1)technology level:infrastructure needs improvement,unified technology standards for data,low level of technology usability and usefulness,and limited economic benefits;(2)organizational level:insufficient digital literacy of medical staff,low organizational innovation ability,lack of training,inertia of healthcare staff,and limited size of primary care facilities;(3)environmental level:insufficient government support,high government requirements of performance evaluation,low digital literacy of residents,not covered by medical insurance schemes,constraints on interests among stakeholders,and mismatched digital scenarios.The main reason for insufficient effective use of digital technologies includes insufficient adaptability between digital technologies and the practical needs of grassroots health services,lack of organizational change and proactive personnel behavior,low level of external environment optimization and institutional support.Conclusion:Policy makers and implementers should be demand-oriented,continuously improve digital technologies maturity in primary healthcare system,integrate organizational resources,achieve changes in primary healthcare models,optimize the external environment,and enhance collaborative governance levels.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Xining City, Qinghai Province.Methods:From 2019 to 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to divide 7 counties (districts) under the jurisdiction of Xining City, Qinghai Province into 5 sampling areas according to east, west, south, north, and center each year. One township (town, street) was selected from each area. Forty non boarding students aged 8 to 10 from each primary school (half male and half female, age balanced) and 20 pregnant women from each township (town, street) location were selected to collect edible salt samples at home and a random urine sample to measure salt iodine and urinary iodine level. B-ultrasound was used to measure thyroid volume in children and the goiter rate was calculated.Results:A total of 6 534 samples of household edible salt were collected from children and pregnant women, with an average salt iodine concentration of 25.58 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.50% (6 371/6 534), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 89.46% (5 845/6 534). A total of 4 362 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urinary iodine level of 183.10 μg/L. The difference between different years was statistically significant ( H = 20.27, P < 0.001). A total of 2 169 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, with a median urinary iodine level of 168.90 μg/L. The difference between different years was statistically significant ( H = 107.09, P < 0.001). A total of 3 336 cases of thyroid gland examination were conducted in children, including 33 cases of thyroid enlargement, with a goiter rate of 0.99%. There was a statistically significant difference between different years (χ 2 = 15.00, P < 0.001). Conclusion:From 2019 to 2021, children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women in Xining City are at an appropriate level of iodine, and the achievements in prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders still need to be continuously consolidated.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the current status of position training for clinical pharmacists in China and provide references for the continuous optimization of such training programs.METHODS SinoMed,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data were electronically searched to collect position training of clinical pharmacists studies from the inception until November 5th 2024.After data extraction and quality evaluation,descriptive analysis was performed on the results of the included studies.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS A total of 68 pieces of relevant literature were included in the study.Among them,50 studies reported on training content,49 involved the allocation of teaching resources in the bases,48 addressed training methods,and 39 focused on training evaluation;only 2 studies mentioned faculty development.There were notable variations in the clinical pharmacist training programs across different bases,particularly in the allocation of teaching resources,such as the composition of the teaching team and the utilization of auxiliary teaching tools.Additionally,differences existed in training approaches,such as those employing a single method versus a blended approach.Conversely,the core training content of each base generally revolved around clinical pharmacy practice,demonstrating a degree of consistency.Moreover,the overall emphasis on teacher training and assessment tended to be obviously insufficient.Each base can focus on enhancing the competence of clinical pharmacists by allocating teaching resources,selecting training methods,improving training content,and using evaluation tools,to further enhance the quality of clinical pharmacist training.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the current management of drug clinical trial institutions in Jiangxi Province and the situation of undertaking drug clinical trials after the implementation of the filing system.METHODS A survey was conducted on 38 new institutions(obtained qualifications during the implementation of the filing system)and old institutions(obtained qualifications during the implementation of the recognition system)that had completed drug clinical trial institution qualification filing for more than one year in Jiangxi Province.The survey focused on the basic information of the institutions,the number of registered principal investigator(PI),institutional hardware and information construction,personnel allocation and training,and drug registration clinical trials undertaken by the institutions.RESULTS Of 38 institutions surveyed,there were 22 general hospitals and 16 specialized hospitals;there were 24 old institutions and 14 new institutions.Whether in general hospitals or specialized hospitals,the old institutions were better than the new institutions in the number of approved beds,the number of outpatients,the number of inpatients,the number of specialties,and the number of PI;both old and new institutions had separate offices;all new institutions were set up with GCP pharmacy.The adoption of clinical trial management system in new institutions is significantly less than in old institutions.In the general hospital,both the number of full-time managers and the number of quality controllers in old institutions were significantly more than in the new institutions,while the opposite was true at the level of specialized hospitals.In terms of centralized training on GCP,new institutions were all better than the old ones.Whether in general hospitals or specialized hospitals,the number of drug registration clinical trial projects undertaken by new institutions was significantly less than that of old ones.CONCLUSIONS The new institutions are worse than the old institutions in comprehensive strength and information construction of hospitals,and the number of clinical trials undertaken by new institutions is also less than old institutions.

Technological innovation and management transformation not only introduce negentropy into public hospital organizations but may also exacerbate entropy accumulation.Different combinations of diagnostic and treatment technologies and management transformations have different impacts on the total entropy.While improved diagnostic-therapeutic technologies and management transformations enhance technological negentropy and managerial negentropy,thereby increasing operational efficiency,it may simultaneously increases organizational complexity,causing inefficient information flow,delayed decision-making,resource wastage,and elevated technological entropy and managerial entropy.Specialty-driven deployment of hospital management strategies enables a dual-driven mechanism to introduce negentropy.By constructing dissipative structures that enhance"synergistic negentropy"while reducing"internal friction entropy",hospitals can decrease organizational disorder and increase diagnostic-therapeutic coordination to achieve high-quality development.

Objective:To investigate the differences in protein profile expression in serum samples from children with corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19）related encephalopathy and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods:From December 1,2022 to January 31,2023,28 children with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Intensive Medicine at Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University were collected,including 21 patients with encephalopathy(COVID-19 with encephalopathy group) and seven patients without encephalopathy(COVID-19 without encephalopathy group).Three children from each group were selected for serum proteomic analysis using tandem mass spectrometry labeling proteomics technology.Proteins were considered significantly different if the fold change was >1.2 or <0.8，with P<0.05.Bioinformatics analysis，including Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Enrichment were performed on differentially expressed proteins.Protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed using the STRING database.Selected proteins were further validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbert assay. Results:A total of 41 differentially expressed proteins were identified between the two groups.Among these，14 proteins were upregulated and 27 proteins were downregulated in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy compared to those without encephalopathy.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were primarily enriched in critical signaling pathways，including complement and coagulation regulation，neutrophil degranulation and activation，and platelet degranulation.Enzyme-linked immunosorbert assay validation confirmed significant differences in key coagulation-regulating proteins(von willebrand factor upregulated，serpin family F member 2 downregulated in COVID-19 patients with encephalopatly）between the two groups.Conclusion:Coagulation dysfunction may play a role in the development of COVID-19 associated encephalopathy in children，providing valuable insights for future research.

Phospholipid pharmaceutical excipients are primarily composed of a glycerol backbone,fatty acid chains,and phosphate groups.Due to their amphiphilic structure and unique physicochemical properties,they are commonly used as emulsifiers and carrier materials in pharmaceutical formulations.The pharmacopoeias of various countries have included phospholipid based pharmaceutical excipients and specified the testing methods and limits for their critical quality attributes.This article focuses on the current inclusion status,characteristic indicators,component content determination indicators,and functionality-related indicators determination methods and limits of phospholipid pharmaceutical excipients of various countries,in order to provide references and a basis for the rational applicatione of phospholipid pharmaceutical excipients.

Robot-assisted surgery with its advantages such as three-dimensional high-definition vision, dexterous robotic arms, and tremor filtration, is increasingly being applied to complex radical gastrectomy. However, the role of the surgical assistant remains crucial during the procedure. The assistant is responsible for tasks outside the console, including adjusting robotic arms, changing instruments, exposing the surgical field, and addressing unexpected situations. The technical proficiency of the assistant and their collaboration efficiency with the primary surgeon directly impact the smoothness of surgery and patients' outcomes. With the expansion of robot-assisted surgical indications, the establishment of a standardized training system and the optimization of team collaboration models have become urgent challenges to address. This article draws on the author's practical experience as an assistant in robot-assisted gastric cancer surgeries, conducting an in-depth analysis of the responsibilities and operational skills of surgical assistants in robot-assisted procedures. The aim is to develop a relatively comprehensive set of operational guidelines for surgical assistants in robot-assisted radical gastrectomy, providing valuable references for enhancing the overall efficiency of surgical teams and improving surgical outcomes.