Depressive disorder is one of the common mental diseases, which seriously affects the daily work and life of patients. In recent years, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment has shown satisfactory effects in the clinical application of depression. However, depressive disorder involves complex symptoms, including functional impairment in different dimensions such as emotion, cognition, body and behavior, which leads to significant individual differences in the efficacy of TMS intervention. Therefore, with different symptoms as the starting point, this article systematically reviewed the clinical studies of TMS treatment for different symptom groups of depressive disorder, in order to provide scientific reference for individualized treatment of depressive disorder using TMS treatment.

Depressive disorder is one of the common mental diseases, which seriously affects the daily work and life of patients. In recent years, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment has shown satisfactory effects in the clinical application of depression. However, depressive disorder involves complex symptoms, including functional impairment in different dimensions such as emotion, cognition, body and behavior, which leads to significant individual differences in the efficacy of TMS intervention. Therefore, with different symptoms as the starting point, this article systematically reviewed the clinical studies of TMS treatment for different symptom groups of depressive disorder, in order to provide scientific reference for individualized treatment of depressive disorder using TMS treatment.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the clinical outcome of emotional symptoms and cognitive performance and related cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin in adolescents with depression.Methods:Through subject recruitment, 46 adolescent patients with depression (patient group) from the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected as the subjects for this study from December 2020 to December 2021, including 8 males and 38 females, aged 12-18 (15.7±2.3) years old. All patients received sertraline treatment for 8 weeks and were further followed into responders ( n=24) and non-responders ( n=22) according to the outcome of emotional symptoms. In the meantime, 51 healthy controls (control group) were enrolled, including 7 males and 44 females, aged 12-18 (16.1±1.5) years old. The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) was conducted to measure the multi-dimensional neurocognitive performance, and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin (HBO) during the verbal fluency test. The differences were compared in multi-dimensional cognitive performance and cerebral HBO level between each patient group and control group and between responders and non-responders. The changes were analyzed in cognitive performance and cerebral HBO level after intervention in responders and non-responders. Results:At baseline, compared to the control group, the patient group performed decreased scores of RBANS, immediate memory, speech function, attention, and delayed memory (88.0 (82.8, 100.0) M ( Q1, Q3) vs. 100.0 (90.0, 110.0) scores; 78.0 (73.0, 87.8) vs.85.0 (78.0, 94.0) scores; (84.4±16.1) vs. (95.7±15.7) scores; 106.0 (99.5, 115.0) vs.118.0 (109.0, 128.0) scores; 94.0 (84.5, 99.0) vs.97.0 (91.0, 101.0) scores), and lower HBO levels in 7 channels (all P<0.05). Compared to responders, non-responders showed more severe impairment of visual-spatial and attention performance (103.9±11.0 vs. 94.4±16.7 scores; 112.5±12.1 vs. 98.0±21.2 scores) ( t=2.30 or 2.87; all P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of RBANS and immediate memory improved significantly in responders (98.8±11.2 vs. 93.0±9.7 scores; 95.2±13.8 vs.83.0±14.6 scores) ( t=-3.00 or-4.97; both P<0.05), but the scores of attention and the HBO level of two channels in the prefrontal cortex were still significantly lower than those of the control group (Z=2.27, 3.02 or 3.04; all P<0.05). Besides, there were no significant differences in the scores of immediate memory and the HBO levels of 3 channels in the temporal lobe between the no-responders and the control group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Immediate memory injure, attention injure and HBO levels of frontal-temporal lobes may be independent of emotional symptoms among adolescents with depression.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the clinical outcome of emotional symptoms and cognitive performance and related cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin in adolescents with depression.Methods:Through subject recruitment, 46 adolescent patients with depression (patient group) from the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected as the subjects for this study from December 2020 to December 2021, including 8 males and 38 females, aged 12-18 (15.7±2.3) years old. All patients received sertraline treatment for 8 weeks and were further followed into responders ( n=24) and non-responders ( n=22) according to the outcome of emotional symptoms. In the meantime, 51 healthy controls (control group) were enrolled, including 7 males and 44 females, aged 12-18 (16.1±1.5) years old. The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) was conducted to measure the multi-dimensional neurocognitive performance, and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin (HBO) during the verbal fluency test. The differences were compared in multi-dimensional cognitive performance and cerebral HBO level between each patient group and control group and between responders and non-responders. The changes were analyzed in cognitive performance and cerebral HBO level after intervention in responders and non-responders. Results:At baseline, compared to the control group, the patient group performed decreased scores of RBANS, immediate memory, speech function, attention, and delayed memory (88.0 (82.8, 100.0) M ( Q1, Q3) vs. 100.0 (90.0, 110.0) scores; 78.0 (73.0, 87.8) vs.85.0 (78.0, 94.0) scores; (84.4±16.1) vs. (95.7±15.7) scores; 106.0 (99.5, 115.0) vs.118.0 (109.0, 128.0) scores; 94.0 (84.5, 99.0) vs.97.0 (91.0, 101.0) scores), and lower HBO levels in 7 channels (all P<0.05). Compared to responders, non-responders showed more severe impairment of visual-spatial and attention performance (103.9±11.0 vs. 94.4±16.7 scores; 112.5±12.1 vs. 98.0±21.2 scores) ( t=2.30 or 2.87; all P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of RBANS and immediate memory improved significantly in responders (98.8±11.2 vs. 93.0±9.7 scores; 95.2±13.8 vs.83.0±14.6 scores) ( t=-3.00 or-4.97; both P<0.05), but the scores of attention and the HBO level of two channels in the prefrontal cortex were still significantly lower than those of the control group (Z=2.27, 3.02 or 3.04; all P<0.05). Besides, there were no significant differences in the scores of immediate memory and the HBO levels of 3 channels in the temporal lobe between the no-responders and the control group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Immediate memory injure, attention injure and HBO levels of frontal-temporal lobes may be independent of emotional symptoms among adolescents with depression.

Objective The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)has increased dramatically in the past years.Parents of children with ASD usually experience a variety of chronic and acute stressors that may decrease marital satisfaction and family functioning.The aim was to explore the characteristics of parental per-sonality,mood disorders and family functions of the Children with ASD and to explore the relevance factors in order to draw out methods to improve parental family functions.Methods A cross -sectional survey was conducted and 593 outpatients with ASD diagnosed in Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine form January 201 0 to January 201 4 were straight into the group,their parents were tested by Family Assessment Device (FAD),Zung Self -Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Zung Self -Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ).SPSS 1 7.0 software was adopted to establish the database and statistical analysis.Results Ac-cording to FAD,parents of children with ASD had lower scores in problem solving[(2.1 0 ±0.37)scores]and roles [(2.09 ±0.27)scores](t =-6.669,P =0.000;t =-1 8.707,P =0.000)than the standard scores,while other di-mensions score were significantly higher than the standard scores in communicdtion[(2.25 ±0.35)scores],emotional reaction[(2.38 ±0.40)scores],emotional involvement[(2.36 ±0.37)scores],behavioral control[(2.31 ±0.27) scores]and general function[(2.1 2 ±0.38)scores],there were significant differences(t =3.1 35,1 1 .1 1 5,1 6.997, 37.1 1 6,8.064;P =0.002,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000).For EPQ of parents,mother had obviously higher scores than father in psychoticism scale[(53.68 ±1 .36)scores vs (52.65 ±1 .1 7)scores,t =-1 3.841 ,P =0.000],and signifi-cantly lower scores in Lie scale[(52.27 ±0.79)scores vs (52.1 7 ±0.75)scores,t =2.449,P =0.01 4].Compared to fathers,mothers were coded as higher depression and anxiety scores(t =-6.276,-6.440,all P =0.000)and higher prevalence rate(χ2 =1 5.893,27.592,all P =0.000),which were statistically significant.According to the asso-ciation study of FAD and the others(especially in mood of parents),it was found that several dimensions showed obvious correlation.Conclusions Parents of children with ASD have family function damaged badly,except for prob-lem solving and roles.The parents showed different personality traits and mood disorders,particularly mothers′mood disorder problem was prominent.Parental family functioning were closely related to their personality traits and emotional disorders in various dimensionalities,which was worthy of attention.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) of children aged 4-6 years in public kindergartens in Shanghai.Methods Songjiang district and Xuhui district were selected randomly as the representative sample.By means of "Clancy Autism Behavior Scale","Social Communication Questionnaire" and "high-functioning Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire",all of the 33 public kindergartens in chosen area,which contained 10 385 children aged 4-6 years,were surveyed.Those who were screened as suspected cases would be further diagnosed by "Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised" and "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition".Results Among 9 665 valid questionnaires,9 children were diagnosed with ASD.The ratio of male to female was 8:1,the point prevalence rate was 0.93‰.The results of ADI-R corresponded with that of DSM-5.There were two children who never had medical records.For others,"language" problem was the most likely reason for their parents to seek medical help,while "deficits in social communication" was the main symptom of patients.Conclusion The prevalence of ASD was lower than those recorded in literature,home and abroad which might be related to some patients not going to public kindergartens.

The hospital observed the principles of ensuring medical safety,shared risks and responsibilities in its attempt to build the risk mortgage mechanism in the hospital.The mechanism is characteristic of setting up the scope and standards for the risk mortgage,defining the use and refund cycle of the risk mortgage,along with a series of rewards and penalties.This design aims at minimizing cases of medical disputes (malpractice) for better medical safety.