Objective: To investigate the barrier membrane fixation performance and enhanced guided bone regeneration (GBR) capability of a thermosensitive adhesive containing bioactive glass nanoparticles in order to provide a novel solution for membrane fixation during GBR procedures. Methods: M2NP@BGN (methoxyethyl acrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-protocatechuic acid@Bioactive glass nanoparticle), a thermosensitive adhesive, was synthesized via free radical polymerization by compositing methoxyethyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide, and protocatechuic acid into a basic adhesive that was modified with bioactive glass nanoparticle (BGN). The successful fabrication of basic adhesive M2NP was characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermosensitive adhesive M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and a rheometer. By adjusting the BGN concentration (0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL), the adhesive and mechanical strengths were investigated with a universal testing machine. Biocompatibility was evaluated with a cell counting kit-8 assay and hemolysis test to identify the optimal formulation. The optimal material’s extract was co-cultured with mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and its osteogenic activity was examined in vitro by quantitative real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red S staining. The rat mandibular defect model was established, filled with bone graft, and divided into 3 groups based on membrane fixation method: M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) fixation group (M2NP@BGN), titanium nail fixation group (Nail), and unfixed control group (Negative). Bone regeneration was analyzed after 8 weeks by micro computed tomography and histological staining. Results: M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) was successfully synthesized and demonstrated rapid gelation under warm, humid conditions. The adhesive with a BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL exhibited the highest adhesive strength (P < 0.001) and significantly enhanced mechanical strength (P < 0.001) under 37℃ wet conditions. All formulations showed excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability > 80% and hemolysis ratio < 5%. M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) significantly upregulated the expression of Runx2 and Col I (P < 0.001) and enhanced the activity of osteogenic differentiation markers (P < 0.05). In the animal model, the M2NP@BGN group (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) achieved significantly higher bone volume fraction and better bone maturity compared to the negative and nail groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) combines excellent wet adhesion with potent osteogenic activity, enhances the bone augmentation efficacy of membranes, and presents a novel fixation strategy with significant clinical translation potential for GBR therapy.

ObjectiveTo explore the latent profiles of sleep patterns and their association with gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome in preschool children in Beijing. MethodsA cross-sectional study design was adopted， and preschool children were recruited from 57 kindergartens in Beijing using convenience sampling. Sleep characteristics and gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome was assessed using the Chinese version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children （SDSC） and Self-rating Diagnostic Scale for Gastrointestinal Heat Retention Syndrome in children （GHRS）. Latent profile analysis （LPA） was applied to identify distinct sleep-related subgroups， and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between different sleep profiles and gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome. ResultsA total of 6878 preschool children were included in the study. Among them， 3.46% of the children （238/6878） had sleep disorders， while 54.42% （3743/6878） had gastrointestinal heat accumulation. Compared to children without gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome， those with this syndrome exhibited a higher prevalence of sleep disorders， higher SDSC scores， higher T-transformed total scores， and higher scores across all dimensions， including disorders of initiating sleep， disorders of maintaining sleep， sleep hyperhidrosis， sleep breathing disorders， parasomnias， nonrestorative sleep and excessive somnolence （P＜0.01）. Latent profile analysis identified four distinct sleep characteristic profiles， which were the mixed high-symptom group （32.39%， 2228/6878）， sleep initiation and maintenance difficulty symptom group （49.07%， 3375/6878）， low-symptom group （14.19%， 976/6878）， and the group with no significant symptoms （4.35%， 299/6878）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the mixed high-symptom group， sleep initiation and maintenance difficulty symptom group， and low-symptom group were significantly associated with gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome. Among them， the mixed high-symptom group had the most significant association with gastrointestinal heat accumulation （OR=12.657， P＜0.001）， followed by the sleep initiation and maintenance difficulty symptom group （OR=4.964， P＜0.001）. ConclusionSleep characteristics in preschool children mainly present as composite patterns with different symptom combinations. Moreover， the sleep latent profiles of the mixed high-symptom group， the sleep initiation and maintenance difficulty symptom group， and the low-symptom group were significantly associated with gastrointestinal heat accumulation syndrome.

Objective:To explore the impact of childhood trauma on drug relapse tendency, as well as the mediating role of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods:From March to May 2017, a total of 403 compulsory drug rehabilitation personnel were selected for a cross-sectional study and then were investigated by the general demography scale, drug relapse risk scale, childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and PTSD checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5).SPSS 27.0 software and PROCESS 4.1 macro program were used for correlation analysis, regression analysis and Bootstrap-based mediation analysis.Results:The scores of negative emotions subscale of drug relapse risk scale, emotional abuse and emotional neglect subscales of CTQ had no significant gender differences(all P>0.05).There were gender differences in relapse tendency, childhood trauma, and PTSD total scores as well as other dimensions ( t/ Z=2.08-4.67, all P<0.05).There were pairwise positive correlations among the total score of the drug relapse risk scale(31.68±9.79), CTQ(39.90±12.13), and PCL-5(11(3, 24)) for compulsory isolation and rehabilitation personnel ( r=0.28, 0.36, 0.37, P<0.05).After controlling for gender, childhood trauma could significantly and positively predict drug relapse tendency( β=0.34, t=7.24, P<0.01), and PTSD played a mediating role between childhood trauma and drug relapse tendency, with the indirect effect of 0.11(95% CI=0.06-0.16). Conclusion:Childhood trauma can affect drug relapse tendency directly, and indirectly through PTSD.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ligustilide(LIG)-mediated phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway on mitophagy in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods 161 male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into sham operation(Sham)group,model group,LIG low-dose group,LIG high-dose group,mitophagy inhibitor(Mdivi-1)group,LIG high-dose+Mdivi-1 group,and the positive drug Nimodipine(NMDP)group,each with 23 rats.A modified middle cerebral artery wire thrombus method was used to construct a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats,and the neurobehavioral scores of rats in each group were compared by Longa's five-point scale;the volume of cerebral infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TCC)staining,the histopathology and ultrastructure of the hippocampus were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and transmission electron microscope(TEM).And the Na+-K+-Adenosine Triphosphate was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);double immunofluorescence staining for translocase of the outer membrane of mitochondrion 20(TOMM20)and Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)co-localized area percentage.Flow cytometry assay(FCM)to test the level of reactive oxygen(ROS);real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to measure the relative content of mitochondria in hippocampal neurons;and Western blot was performed to test the level of autophagy and the PINK1/Parkin pathway related protein expression.Results Compared with the Sham group,the neurological function score and cerebral infarction volume of the model group were increased,the hippocampal neurons showed pathological damage such as disordered arrangement,nucleolus disappearance and partial shrinkage of the nucleus and plasma,nuclear membrane rupture,swelling,membrane rupture and crista reduction of some mitochondria,a large number of autophagosomes were observed,and the colocalization area percentage of TOMM20 and LC3 was increased.TOMM20 and cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV isoform 1(COX4I1)in hippocampus and selective autophagy adaptor protein 62(p62)protein expression,mitochondrial encoded ATP synthase 6(mt-ATP6)/Ribosomal protein L13(Rpl13)ratio and Na+-K+-ATPase content decreased,while PINK1 and Parkin protein expression,LC3-II/I ratio and ROS relative content increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.602～52.012,all P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the neurological function score,cerebral infarction volume,pathological and ultrastructural damage of hippocampal neurons were significantly improved in the LIG low,high dose and NMDP groups,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.851～12.525,all P<0.01).The colocalization of TOMM20 and LC3 and the content of Na+-K+-ATPase were increased,while the expression of TOMM20,COX4I1 and p62 proteins and the mt-ATP6/Rpl13 ratio were decreased in the high-dose LIG group.The protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin,LC3-II/I ratio and ROS relative content were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.087～33.211,all P<0.01).Compared with the LIG high-dose group,the Mdivi-1 and LIG+Mdivi-1 groups had significantly decreased colocalization of TOMM20 and LC3 and Na+-K+-ATPase content,and significantly increased expression of TOMM20,COX4I1 and p62 proteins and mt-ATP6/Rpl13 ratio.The protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin,LC3-II/I ratio and ROS relative content were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.008～43.415,all P<0.01).However,the percentage of TOMM20 and LC3 co-localization area,PINK1 and Parkin protein expression,LC3-II/I ratio and Na+-K+-ATPase content in the hippocampus of the LIG+Mdivi-1 group were higher than those of the Mdivi-1 group.The protein expression of COX4I1 and p62,mt-ATP6/Rpl13 ratio and ROS level were lower than those in MDIV-1 group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.721～21.513,all P<0.01).Conclusion LIG may activate mitophagy by regulating PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway to protect neurons from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective:To explore the impact of childhood trauma on drug relapse tendency, as well as the mediating role of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods:From March to May 2017, a total of 403 compulsory drug rehabilitation personnel were selected for a cross-sectional study and then were investigated by the general demography scale, drug relapse risk scale, childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and PTSD checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5).SPSS 27.0 software and PROCESS 4.1 macro program were used for correlation analysis, regression analysis and Bootstrap-based mediation analysis.Results:The scores of negative emotions subscale of drug relapse risk scale, emotional abuse and emotional neglect subscales of CTQ had no significant gender differences(all P>0.05).There were gender differences in relapse tendency, childhood trauma, and PTSD total scores as well as other dimensions ( t/ Z=2.08-4.67, all P<0.05).There were pairwise positive correlations among the total score of the drug relapse risk scale(31.68±9.79), CTQ(39.90±12.13), and PCL-5(11(3, 24)) for compulsory isolation and rehabilitation personnel ( r=0.28, 0.36, 0.37, P<0.05).After controlling for gender, childhood trauma could significantly and positively predict drug relapse tendency( β=0.34, t=7.24, P<0.01), and PTSD played a mediating role between childhood trauma and drug relapse tendency, with the indirect effect of 0.11(95% CI=0.06-0.16). Conclusion:Childhood trauma can affect drug relapse tendency directly, and indirectly through PTSD.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ligustilide(LIG)-mediated phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway on mitophagy in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods 161 male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into sham operation(Sham)group,model group,LIG low-dose group,LIG high-dose group,mitophagy inhibitor(Mdivi-1)group,LIG high-dose+Mdivi-1 group,and the positive drug Nimodipine(NMDP)group,each with 23 rats.A modified middle cerebral artery wire thrombus method was used to construct a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats,and the neurobehavioral scores of rats in each group were compared by Longa's five-point scale;the volume of cerebral infarction was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TCC)staining,the histopathology and ultrastructure of the hippocampus were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and transmission electron microscope(TEM).And the Na+-K+-Adenosine Triphosphate was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);double immunofluorescence staining for translocase of the outer membrane of mitochondrion 20(TOMM20)and Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)co-localized area percentage.Flow cytometry assay(FCM)to test the level of reactive oxygen(ROS);real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to measure the relative content of mitochondria in hippocampal neurons;and Western blot was performed to test the level of autophagy and the PINK1/Parkin pathway related protein expression.Results Compared with the Sham group,the neurological function score and cerebral infarction volume of the model group were increased,the hippocampal neurons showed pathological damage such as disordered arrangement,nucleolus disappearance and partial shrinkage of the nucleus and plasma,nuclear membrane rupture,swelling,membrane rupture and crista reduction of some mitochondria,a large number of autophagosomes were observed,and the colocalization area percentage of TOMM20 and LC3 was increased.TOMM20 and cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV isoform 1(COX4I1)in hippocampus and selective autophagy adaptor protein 62(p62)protein expression,mitochondrial encoded ATP synthase 6(mt-ATP6)/Ribosomal protein L13(Rpl13)ratio and Na+-K+-ATPase content decreased,while PINK1 and Parkin protein expression,LC3-II/I ratio and ROS relative content increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.602～52.012,all P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the neurological function score,cerebral infarction volume,pathological and ultrastructural damage of hippocampal neurons were significantly improved in the LIG low,high dose and NMDP groups,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.851～12.525,all P<0.01).The colocalization of TOMM20 and LC3 and the content of Na+-K+-ATPase were increased,while the expression of TOMM20,COX4I1 and p62 proteins and the mt-ATP6/Rpl13 ratio were decreased in the high-dose LIG group.The protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin,LC3-II/I ratio and ROS relative content were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.087～33.211,all P<0.01).Compared with the LIG high-dose group,the Mdivi-1 and LIG+Mdivi-1 groups had significantly decreased colocalization of TOMM20 and LC3 and Na+-K+-ATPase content,and significantly increased expression of TOMM20,COX4I1 and p62 proteins and mt-ATP6/Rpl13 ratio.The protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin,LC3-II/I ratio and ROS relative content were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.008～43.415,all P<0.01).However,the percentage of TOMM20 and LC3 co-localization area,PINK1 and Parkin protein expression,LC3-II/I ratio and Na+-K+-ATPase content in the hippocampus of the LIG+Mdivi-1 group were higher than those of the Mdivi-1 group.The protein expression of COX4I1 and p62,mt-ATP6/Rpl13 ratio and ROS level were lower than those in MDIV-1 group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.721～21.513,all P<0.01).Conclusion LIG may activate mitophagy by regulating PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway to protect neurons from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Yishen Qingli Huoxue Formula(YQHF)improving renal fibrosis by inhib-iting HIF1-α using data mining,molecular docking,and in vivo and in vitro experiments.METHODS The expression changes of HIF1-α in renal biopsy tissues of patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)in the GEO database were analyzed.Molecular docking was used to clarify the interaction mode between YQHF effective monomers and HIF1-α.Thirty SD rats were randomized to sham,model,low-dose YQHF,high-dose YQHF,and losartan potassium groups(n=6 per group).Unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)was used to induce renal fibrosis.Serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured,and kidney sections were stained with HE and Masson to assess pathology and fibrosis.Renal HIF1-α protein expression was quantified by Western blot.A renal fibro-sis cell model was established by inducing NRK-52E cells with TGF-β1,and the cells were divided into control,model,YQHF,HIF1-α inhibitor,HIF1-α inhibitor+YQHF,HIF1-α agonist,and HIF1-α agonist+YQHF groups.Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of HIF1-α,COL-1,and α-SMA,and to observe the mechanism of YQHF-containing serum in protecting renal tubular epithelial cells.RESULTS Data mining showed HIF1-α expression in the CKD group was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.01).Molecular docking indicated YQHF core components had good binding affinity to HIF1-α.In vivo,com-pared with the sham group,HE staining revealed tubular atrophy and inflammatory-cell infiltration,and Masson staining showed in-creased collagen deposition in UUO model rats(P<0.01).Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were also elevated in the model group(P<0.05),together with up-regulated renal expression of COL-1,α-SMA and HIF-1α(P<0.01).After intervention with either high-dose or low-dose YQHF or losartan potassium,these pathological changes were attenuated:collagen deposition decreased(P<0.01),creatinine and BUN fell to varying degrees(P<0.05),and renal COL-1,α-SMA and HIF-1α levels were down-regulated(P<0.01);immunohistochemistry confirmed reduced HIF-1α in UUO kidneys(P<0.01).In NRK-52E cells,TGF-β1 stimulation mark-edly increased COL-1,α-SMA and HIF-1α protein levels(P<0.01).Both YQHF and chloramphenicol alone down-regulated these proteins(P<0.05,P<0.01),and their combination produced stronger inhibition of HIF-1α than YQHF alone(P<0.05).Conversely,the HIF-1α agonist fenbendazole-d3 reversed YQHF's anti-fibrotic effect,re-elevating COL-1,α-SMA and HIF-1α(P<0.01),with no significant difference versus agonist alone.CONCLUSION YQHF may inhibit extracellular matrix deposition and delay renal fi-brosis progression by suppressing HIF1-α accumulation,providing new theoretical evidence for traditional Chinese medicine in treat-ing renal fibrosis.

Objective To understand the clinical applicability and implementation of expert consensus on the implementation and removal of protective restraints in psychiatry,and to provide references for promoting the standardized practice of psychiatric protective restraints and updating the consensus.Methods By the convenience sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses from 480 hospitals in 30 provinces from June 15 to July 15,2024.The survey was conducted using the instrument for evaluating clinical applicability of guide-lines(version 2.0)and a self-compiled questionnaire on the clinical implementation of the restraint consensus.Results A total of 7,844 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 93.78％.The results of clinical applicability scoring showed that the consensus had the lowest availability score(64.72％)and the highest acceptability score(76.74％).The results showed that nurses' receiving training and the level of their hospitals were the main influencing factors for scores in various dimensions(P＜0.05).4,774 participants(87.42％)believed that the application of consensus could enhance the standardization of nurses' restraint operations.The safety rate of the restraint consensus was 79.51％,and the economic ratio was 76.87％.Among the evaluators,1,739(22.17％)believed that there were implementation obstacles in the consensus.Conclusion The clinical applicability of the consensus is relatively good,and the application of the consensus helps to improve the standardization of clinical operations.In the future,efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and training of the consensus,develop hierarchical promotion strategies according to the characteristics of medical institutions,and improve the quality of evidence for the consensus,so as to further enhance the clinical application effect of the consensus.

Objective To investigate the achievement of early fluid resuscitation targets and factors influencing 28-day outcomes in patients with sepsis.Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted.A total of 164 patients with sepsis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2022 and January 2024 were enrolled.Patients were divided into survival and death groups based on 28-day survival status,with both groups receiving early fluid resuscitation.Comparisons were made between groups for general characteristics[gender,age,body mass index(BMI),infection site,comorbidities],primary indicators[central venous pressure(CVP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),urine output],and secondary indicators[blood lactate acid(Lac),procalcitonin(PCT),heart rate,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)on intensive care unit(ICU)admission day,Glasgow coma scale(GCS),duration and dose of vasoactive medication use].Univariate analysis identified variables associated with prognosis,followed by multivariate Logistic regression to select independent risk factors.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC curve)were plotted to assess predictive performance of each risk factor for the 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis.Results This study included 164 patients.The primary infection sites were mainly the lungs,abdominal cavity,and urinary system,accounting for 42.7%(70/164),38.4%(63/164),and 9.1%(15/164)respectively.The survival group comprised 141 patients,while the the death group included 23 patients.No statistically significant differences existed between groups in gender,BMI,infection site(soft tissue infection vs.others),underlying diseases,MAP,urine output(all P>0.05).Compared to the survival group,the death group showed significantly higher age,pulmonary infection rate,Lac levels,vasoactive drug duration/dose,heart rate,and SOFA scores,while the rates of abdominal,and urinary tract infection,as well as CVP,PCT,and GCS scores were significantly lower(all P<0.05).The achievement rates of early fluid resuscitation parameters:MAP target achievement was highest at 78.7%(129/164),followed by urine output compliance at 78.0%(128/164),while CVP compliance was the lowest at 39.0%(64/164).The overall compliance rate was 21.3%(35/164).Univariate analysis showed that age,pulmonary infection,Lac levels,duration and dose of vasoactive drugs,heart rate,PCT,GCS score,and SOFA score were all risk factors affecting the 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed Lac levels,and pulmonary infection were independent risk factors affecting 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis[odds ratio(OR)were 0.801,3.966,0.812,95%confidence interval(95%CI)were 0.711-0.903,1.149-13.696,0.674-0.979 respectively,P values were<0.001,0.029,0.029 respectively].ROC curve analysis demonstrated that age,Lac levels,and pulmonary infection all possessed predictive value for 28-day outcomes(all P<0.05).Age exhibited the highest predictive value with an AUC of 0.922.At the optimal cut-off of 76.6 years,sensitivity reached 95.7%and specificity 80.9%.Conclusion The overall achievement rate of early fluid resuscation in sepsis patients was low,with age,Lac levels,and pulmonary infection being major factors influencing poor prognosis.