ObjectiveTo observe the short-term and long-term efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） surgical operations in treating mixed hemorrhoids. MethodsA multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted， collecting clinical data from 17，831 mixed hemorrhoid surgery patients in 8 top-tier TCM hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Standardized and structured datasets were obtained through artificial intelligence models. Patients who underwent western surgical treatment were categorized into the western surgery group （11,646 cases）， and those receiving TCM surgical operations were categorized into the TCM surgery group （6185 cases）. Propensity score matching （1∶1 matching） was used to balance baseline data between groups. The primary outcome was the one-year recurrence rate， and secondary outcomes included the main symptoms （rectal bleeding， degree of prolapse） and secondary symptoms （anal distension， anal edema， wound secretion and exudation， anal stenosis， residual skin tags， perianal itching， and anal pain） measured on days 7， 28， and 60 after discharge. ResultsAfter matching， 2194 patients were included in each group. Symptom scores showed that at 28 days after discharge， the TCM surgical group had superior improvement in rectal bleeding ［OR=5.786， 95%CI （3.092，10.827）］， degree of prolapse ［OR=4.510， 95%CI （1.649，12.333）］， and anal edema ［OR=3.188， 95%CI （1.295，7.845）］ compared to the western surgical group. At 60 days post-discharge， the TCM group still showed advantages in improving rectal bleeding ［OR=5.237， 95%CI （1.077，25.464）］ and anal pain ［OR=11.697， 95%CI （1.186，115.336）］ （P＜0.05）. Long-term follow-up showed that the one-year recurrence rate in the TCM surgery group was 1.1% （8/726）， while that in the western surgery group was 2.3% （10/444）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionBased on real-world data， TCM surgical treatment for mixed hemorrhoids shows significant short-term symptom improvement， particularly in terms of hemostasis， reducing swelling， and alleviating prolapse of anal masses.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism underlying the weight loss effect of electrothermal acupuncture （ETA） in diet-induced obese （DIO） model mice based on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/sphingosine-1-phosphate （S1P）sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 （S1PR3） signaling pathway-mediated macrophage polarization. MethodsAn obesity mouse model was established by continuously feeding at a high-fat diet （HFD） for 8 weeks. Twenty successfully modeled obese mice were randomly divided into a model group and an electrothermal acupuncture （ETA） group with 10 mice per group， both of which continued to receive the HFD till week 12. Another 10 mice were assigned to the normal group and fed a standard chow diet continuously for 12 weeks. Starting from week 9 of the experiment， mice in the ETA group received electrothermal acupuncture stimulation at Zhongwan （CV12）， bilateral Tianshu （ST25）， and bilateral Zusanli （ST36） for 30 minutes per session， with the instrument current set at （40±0.5）mA and a constant temperature of （40±0.5）℃. Mice in the normal group and the model group were restrained in the same manner for 30 minutes without acupuncture. All interventions were performed once every other day for a total of 4 weeks. Ten hours after the final intervention， the body weight， waist circumference， and body length of mice in each group were measured， and Lee's index was calculated. Serum biochemical analysis was performed to assess fasting blood glucose （FBG）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， and creatinine （Cr）. Serum leptin （LEP） and adiponectin （ADPN） levels， as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate （S1P） levels in epididymal white adipose tissue （eWAT）， were detected by ELISA. Histomorphological changes in eWAT were monitored via HE staining. Flow cytometry was used to analyze macrophage subtype-related indexes in eWAT， including the total proportion of macrophages， the proportion of M1 macrophages， the proportion of M2 macrophages， and the M1/M2 ratio. Antibody array technology was used to determine the levels of differentially expressed inflammatory factors in eWAT between the model and blank groups， as well as between the ETA and model groups. Western blot and qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and S1PR3 in the eWAT， respectively. ResultsCompared to the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased body weight， Lee's index， waist circumference， and FBG， TC， TG， HDL-C， LDL-C， AST， and ALT levels， upgraded LEP and S1P levels， decreased ADPN level and ADPN/LEP ratio， elevated proportion of M1 macrophages and the M1/M2 ratio， reduced proportion of M2 macrophages， and upregulated protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and S1PR3 （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. With the exception of HDL-C， all the abovementioned indicators in the ETA group were significantly improved compared to the model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Analysis of differentially expressed inflammatory cytokines revealed that， compared to the normal group， the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-12p70 （IL-12p70） in the eWAT of the model group were elevated； conversely， the levels of interleukin-17 （IL-17）， interleukin-5 （IL-5）， IL-6， and interleukin-23 （IL-23） in the eWAT of the ETA group decreased compared to the model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionETA exerts a weight-reducing effect in obese model mice， and the mechanism may involve inhibition of the HIF-1α/S1P/S1PR3 signaling pathway activation， which shifts macrophage polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype， thereby alleviating chronic inflammation.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the fairness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) healthcare resource allocation at the prefecture-level in China using the healthcare resource agglomeration degree (HRAD) method, so as to provide empirical evidence for optimizing resource distribution.Methods:Data on TCM healthcare resources (including the number of TCM institutions, public TCM hospitals, TCM hospital beds, and TCM healthcare technicians) were collected from 333 prefecture-level regions in 2023. The HRAD method was employed to assess fairness in geographic allocation (HRAD i) and population-based allocation (HRAD i/PAD i). A multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the entropy weight method to determine weighting coefficients. Results:Significant disparities were observed in the geographic agglomeration of TCM resources (HRAD i) in China. Resource-rich regions (HRAD i>5) were primarily concentrated in eastern and some central-western provinces, while resource-scarce regions (HRAD i<1) were mainly distributed in western, northeastern, and parts of central and eastern provinces. Analysis of population-based fairness (HRAD i/PAD i) revealed that most prefecture-level cities nationwide had ratios<1, with only 8 provinces having more cities with ratios>1 than<1. The comprehensive evaluation showed that top-ranked cities in the east (e.g., Hangzhou, Dongying, Shenzhen), central region (e.g., Taiyuan, Zhengzhou), and west (e.g., Hainan Prefecture, Alxa League) were predominantly core cities or sparsely populated areas. Conclusions:China′s prefecture-level TCM healthcare resource allocation exhibits significant geographic and population-based inequities, with excessive concentration in provincial capitals and developed cities. Urgent strategies are needed to optimize resource allocation, enhance fairness and accessibility, including promoting the decentralization of high-quality resources, strengthening regional collaborative support, enhancing talent attraction in underdeveloped areas, and leveraging information technology to improve efficiency.

Objective To investigate the effect of local vibration therapy(LVT)on fine motor function of upper extremity and surface electromyography characteristics in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy(SHCP).Methods Sixty children with SHCP were divided into the observation group and the control group using random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional rehabilitation treatment(physical therapy,occupational therapy,sensory integration training,physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapy of traditional Chinese medicine),while the observation group received LVT for the affected upper extremity in addition to conventional rehabilitation treatment.Both groups were treated for 12 weeks.Fine motor function of upper extremity on the hemiplegic side[Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Fine Motor(PDMS-FM),Fine Motor Function Measure(FMFM)]and root mean square(RMS)value of the biceps surface electromyography were compared between the two groups as well as before and after treatment.Results Compared with those before treatment,both groups showed increases in PDMS-FM scores for grasping energy range,visual-motor integration energy range,fine motor development quotient,FMFM scores for upper extremity joint mobility ability,grasping ability,operation ability,hand-eye coordination ability and total scores,but a decrease in RMS value of biceps brachii after treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,PDMS-FM scores for grasping energy range and visual-motor integration energy range,FMFM scores for upper extremity joint mobility ability and grasping ability and total score were higher in the observation group than those in the control group.The RMS value of biceps brachii was lower in the observation group than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion LVT can enhance the effect of conventional rehabilitation on fine motor function of upper extremity and electromyography characteristics in children with SHCP.

Objective To sort,summarize,and introduce key terms related to guideline reporting,evaluation,dissemination,implementation,and updating.Methods We systematically searched guideline de-velopment manuals and methodological literature from database inception to October 25,2024.Terms related to guideline reporting,updating,evaluation,and implementation were extracted,standardized,and finalized through a structured consensus process.Results A total of 13 guideline manuals and 32 methodological articles were included,yielding 14 core terms with standardized definitions.Conclusions This article introduces key terms such as reporting standards,external review,and research gaps across guideline development phases to promote concept application and deepen readers'understanding of guideline development.

Objective:To investigate the awareness of clinical practice guidelines (referred to as "guidelines") and experts consensus (referred to as "consensus") among otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff, and to analyze the effectiveness of the ninth guideline methodology workshop.Methods:Self-designed survey questionnaires were used to conduct two surveys among otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff who participated in the ninth guideline methodology workshop held in Chengdu from Jannuary 10 to 11, 2025, both before and after the training, to assess their awareness and knowledge of guideline and consensus development methodology. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated using the paired chi-square test.Results:A total of 77 peoples (95.06%), who participated in the ninth guideline methodology workshop, completed the survey questionnaires both before and after the training. One-third of the respondents reported a relatively good to very good understanding of guideline and consensus development. The overall methodology of the guidelines and consensus they had participated in developing still showed room for improvement. After the methodology training, the score rate for each test question significantly increased compared to before the training ( P<0.05), and the distribution trend of the total scores changed markedly (Before the training, 71 people scored less than 60 points, 4 people scored 60 points, and 2 people scored 70 points. After the training, only 1 person scored less than 60 points, 1 person scored 60 points, and 75 people scored between 70 and 100 points, of which 21 people scored 100 points). Conclusion:The awareness of guideline and consensus development methodology among otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff still has room for improvement. The guideline methodology workshop can enhance participants′ mastery of guideline and consensus development methodology.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the fairness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) healthcare resource allocation at the prefecture-level in China using the healthcare resource agglomeration degree (HRAD) method, so as to provide empirical evidence for optimizing resource distribution.Methods:Data on TCM healthcare resources (including the number of TCM institutions, public TCM hospitals, TCM hospital beds, and TCM healthcare technicians) were collected from 333 prefecture-level regions in 2023. The HRAD method was employed to assess fairness in geographic allocation (HRAD i) and population-based allocation (HRAD i/PAD i). A multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the entropy weight method to determine weighting coefficients. Results:Significant disparities were observed in the geographic agglomeration of TCM resources (HRAD i) in China. Resource-rich regions (HRAD i>5) were primarily concentrated in eastern and some central-western provinces, while resource-scarce regions (HRAD i<1) were mainly distributed in western, northeastern, and parts of central and eastern provinces. Analysis of population-based fairness (HRAD i/PAD i) revealed that most prefecture-level cities nationwide had ratios<1, with only 8 provinces having more cities with ratios>1 than<1. The comprehensive evaluation showed that top-ranked cities in the east (e.g., Hangzhou, Dongying, Shenzhen), central region (e.g., Taiyuan, Zhengzhou), and west (e.g., Hainan Prefecture, Alxa League) were predominantly core cities or sparsely populated areas. Conclusions:China′s prefecture-level TCM healthcare resource allocation exhibits significant geographic and population-based inequities, with excessive concentration in provincial capitals and developed cities. Urgent strategies are needed to optimize resource allocation, enhance fairness and accessibility, including promoting the decentralization of high-quality resources, strengthening regional collaborative support, enhancing talent attraction in underdeveloped areas, and leveraging information technology to improve efficiency.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of a bleeding risk graded management program in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) undergoing catheter-directed thrombosis (CDT) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 100 DVT patients who underwent CDT from October 2021 to December 2023 in the Nanjing First Hospital as study subjects. According to the propensity matching score ratio of 1: 1, patients were divided into control group and observation group, with 50 cases in each group. Control group implemented CDT routine nursing and rehabilitation exercises, and observation group implemented a bleeding risk graded management program based on control group by dynamically monitoring changes in plasma fibrinogen and blood pressure. Differences in the rates of swelling reduction in the limbs, venous patency, bleeding events and hospitalization satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:After the intervention, the swelling reduction rate of the limbs of DVT patients in observation group was (85.07±11.96) %, and the rate of venous patency was (89.00±25.33) %, and that of control group was (70.85±21.73) %, (75.00±35.36) %, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The rate of bleeding events was lower in the observation group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The difference in hospitalization satisfaction between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:The bleeding risk graded management program developed after comprehensive assessment can realize the balance between the therapeutic benefit and bleeding risk of CDT for DVT patients, and can improve the safety and effectiveness of CDT.

Objective To investigate the effect of local vibration therapy(LVT)on fine motor function of upper extremity and surface electromyography characteristics in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy(SHCP).Methods Sixty children with SHCP were divided into the observation group and the control group using random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional rehabilitation treatment(physical therapy,occupational therapy,sensory integration training,physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapy of traditional Chinese medicine),while the observation group received LVT for the affected upper extremity in addition to conventional rehabilitation treatment.Both groups were treated for 12 weeks.Fine motor function of upper extremity on the hemiplegic side[Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Fine Motor(PDMS-FM),Fine Motor Function Measure(FMFM)]and root mean square(RMS)value of the biceps surface electromyography were compared between the two groups as well as before and after treatment.Results Compared with those before treatment,both groups showed increases in PDMS-FM scores for grasping energy range,visual-motor integration energy range,fine motor development quotient,FMFM scores for upper extremity joint mobility ability,grasping ability,operation ability,hand-eye coordination ability and total scores,but a decrease in RMS value of biceps brachii after treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,PDMS-FM scores for grasping energy range and visual-motor integration energy range,FMFM scores for upper extremity joint mobility ability and grasping ability and total score were higher in the observation group than those in the control group.The RMS value of biceps brachii was lower in the observation group than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion LVT can enhance the effect of conventional rehabilitation on fine motor function of upper extremity and electromyography characteristics in children with SHCP.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the related factors affecting the prognosis，to provide a basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods:The clinical data of 80 PH children hospitalized in the intensive care department of Children's Hospital of Capital Pediatric Research Institute from January 1,2019 to December 31,2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and general data,clinical symptoms, echocardiography, laboratory examination and treatment indicators were collected. According to survival death groups, multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze independent associated risk factors for PH death.Results:（1）Clinical characteristics of childhood PH: more common in infants, the average age of treatment was 0.9(0.3-5.3)years, the male to female ratio was 1.3∶1, and the average time from first symptoms to first diagnosis was 6.5 (2,14) days. The etiology of PH in children was complex, with arterial PH (PAH) (40%), pulmonary disease and(or) hypoxia (33.8%) being the most common. The main clinical manifestations were dyspnea, decreased activity endurance, poor appetite, and positive heart examination. Severe PH accounted for 53.8%, 30% of pulmonary hypertensive crisis.（2）Factors affecting the prognosis of childhood PH: childhood PH mortality was 20.8%, compared with the survival group, ICU length of stay, loss of appetite, decreased urine volume, cardiac function classification, right heart size, main pulmonary artery diameter/ascending aorta diameter ratio(MPAD/MAD), vasoactive inotropic score(VIS), use of invasive ventilator treatment had statistical significance (all P<0.05). A Logistic regression analysis of death-related factors showed that right heart enlargement ( OR=0.193,95% CI 0.040-0.919, P=0.039), higher MPAD/MAD value ( OR =11.883,95% CI 1.347-104.869, P=0.026), and higher VIS score ( OR= 1.029,95% CI 1.003-1.056, P=0.028) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Conclusion:（1）Children PH is mainly infants, the causes of PAH and pulmonary diseases, severe PH accounted for 53.8%, 30% of which have pulmonary hypertensive crisis.（2）An enlarged right heart, higher MPAD/MAD values, and higher VIS score are independent risk factors for death in children with PH.