ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 8 major respiratory pathogens in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases with acute respiratory infections at fever clinics in Huangpu District, Shanghai from 2015 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in Huangpu District. Individuals meeting the case definition of ILI from 2015 to 2024 was registered. Their nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for pathogen detection. A total of 8 respiratory viruses were tested, including Influenza A virus (Flu A), Influenza B virus (Flu B), adenovirus (ADV), enterovirus/human rhinovirus (EV/HRV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human coronavirus (HCoV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). ResultsFrom 2015 to 2019, a total of 344 ILI cases were tested, of which 192 out of 344 cases (55.81%) were tested positive for single respiratory pathogen. From 2023 to 2024, 1 557 ILI cases were tested, with 572 out of 1 557 cases (36.74%) being positive for single pathogen. From 2023 to 2024, the positive rate of single pathogen in ILI cases was significantly lower than that in 2015‒2019 (χ²=42.66, P<0.001). Specifically, the positive rate of Flu A (χ²=74.43, P<0.001) decreased, while that of HPIV (χ²=8.66, P=0.003) increased, both with statistically significant differences. According to the seasonal pattern, the epidemic intensity of Flu A decreased in summer, while that of HPIV increased in summer and autumn. Demographic results showed statistically significant differences in the positive rates of EV/HRV between genders (χ²=22.38, P<0.001), with males exhibiting a higher positive rate than females. No statistically significant differences were identified in the positive rates of single pathogen among different age groups (χ²=4.42, P=0.110). Nevertheless, statistically significant differences were noted when comparing the positive rates of EV/HRV, Flu A, Flu B and HPIV across different age groups (P<0.05). EV/HRV was more commonly detected in the 15‒<25 age group (10.93%), while Flu A and HPIV had the highest positive rates in the ≥60 age group (21.24% and 4.77%). Flu B had the highest positive rate in the 25‒<60 age group (11.26%). 52.63% of cases with co-infections occurred during winter, with the primary pathogens involved being EV/HRV (9 cases) and HCoV (6 cases). The most prevalent combination of co-infection was Flu A with EV/HRV. ConclusionThe prevalence of respiratory pathogens among ILI cases from 2023 to 2024 exhibited notable fluctuations compared to that from 2015 to 2019. Therefore, influenza surveillance should be strengthened, and attention should also be paid to the prevalence of respiratory pathogens such as HPIV. These findings have profound implications for future research, surveillance, vaccine planning, and public health policy making.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2024, so as to provide a basis for optimizing local SFTS prevention and control strategies, and identifying high-risk areas and key populations. Methods: Data on SFTS incidence and deaths in Huai'an City from 2011 to 2024 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The reported incidence, mortality, and fatality rates were calculated. Descriptive analysis was performed on temporal, population, and regional distribution. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the trend in the reported incidence of SFTS. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were employed to examine the spatial distribution patterns and spatial association patterns of SFTS incidence while spatio-temporal scanning analyses was used to assess the spatial-temporal clustering of SFTS. Results: A total of 337 SFTS cases were reported in Huai'an City from 2011 to 2024, with the reported incidence rising from 0.17/100 000 to 1.88/100 000. There were 20 deaths, with an average annual mortality of 0.03/100 000, and a fatality rate of 5.93%. The incidence showed obvious seasonality, with a peak in May and June (148 cases, accounting for 43.92%). Spring and summer accounted for 107 cases (31.75%) and 159 cases (47.18%), respectively. The reported SFTS cases were mainly male, farmers, and individuals aged ≥41 years, accounting for 56.38%, 79.23%, and 96.74%, respectively. The population distribution of death cases was basically consistent with that of incident cases. Xuyi County was a high-incidence area, with a total of 332 reported cases, accounting for 98.52%. All death cases were reported in this county. Spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed a positive spatial correlation in SFTS incidence from 2019 to 2024, with Moran's I values ranging from 0.214 to 0.336 (all P<0.05). Heqiao Town, Tianquanhu Town, and Guiwu Town in Xuyi County were identified as high-high clustering areas. Spatio-temporal scanning analyses showed that cluster 1 was consistent with the high-high clustering areas, with an aggregation time from the second quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2022. Conclusions From 2011 to 2024, the reported incidence of SFTS in Huai'an City showed an upward trend, with a high incidence in spring and summer. Males, farmers, and the middle-aged and elderly population were the key populations for prevention and control. Xuyi County was the key area for prevention and control.

Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of piercing electroacupuncture on ankle muscle strength, dynamic balance and subjective stability in patients with functional ankle instability (FAI). MethodsA total of 48 patients with FAI admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University from April, 2024 to July, 2025 were enrolled and randomly divided into control group (n = 24) and experimental group (n = 24). The control group received multimodal functional training, while the experimental group received piercing electroacupuncture in addition, for six weeks. Relative peak torque of ankle plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion were measured with isokinetic muscle strength testing system before and after treatment, while Y-Balance Test (YBT) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) were adopted for evaluation. ResultsOne case dropped out in each group. Relative peak torque of ankle plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion at each angular velocity, the normalized distance in each direction and composite score of YBT, as well as the score of CAIT increased in both groups after treatment (|t| > 2.891, P < 0.01), while all the indicators were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.104, P < 0.05), except dorsiflexion muscle strength. ConclusionCombination of piercing electroacupuncture can further improve perimalleolar muscle strength, dynamic balance and subjective stability in patients with FAI.

ObjectiveTo investigate the T lymphocyte subset levels and viral loads in newly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-confirmed positive cases in Suzhou (2021‒2024), and to analyze potential influencing factors by integrating their demographic characteristics, immune status, and viral replication patterns, thereby providing evidence for HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control. MethodsPeripheral whole blood samples were collected from newly confirmed HIV-positive cases in Suzhou from 2021 to 2024. T lymphocyte subset analysis and viral load testing were performed, and influencing factors were identified in combination with demographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with CD4⁺T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells·μL^-1, and Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between logarithmic value of viral load and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. ResultsAmong the 3 022 confirmed HIV-positive samples, the median CD4⁺T lymphocyte count was 298.00 cells·μL^-1, with 882 cases (29.19%) showing CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts <200 cells·μL^-1. The median CD8⁺T lymphocyte count was 1 011.00 cells·μL^-1. The median CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio was 0.28, with 32.46% of cases exhibiting CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios <0.20, and there were statistically significant differences in CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio among different genders, age groups, marital status, and sample sources (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals aged ≥20 years, those who were divorced or widowed, and cases identified through medical institutions had a significantly higher proportion of CD4⁺T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells·µL⁻¹ compared to those aged <20 years, unmarried individuals, and cases sourced from voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics, respectively. The mean logarithmic value of viral load was (4.29±1.15) copies·mL^-1. The logarithmic value of viral load demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with both CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio (r=-0.43, P<0.001) and CD4⁺T lymphocyte count (r=-0.37, P<0.001). ConclusionA substantial proportion of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Suzhou are late presenters with high viral load levels. Targeted interventions should prioritize high-risk populations through enhanced active surveillance and the implementation of combined T lymphocyte subsets analysis and viral load testing, which can enable earlier case-finding and timely antiretroviral therapy initiation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Guizhi Fulingwan （GFW） against hepatic fibrosis， focusing on elucidating the regulatory effect of GFW on the mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA）/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 （Caspase-1）/gasdermin D （GSDMD） signaling pathway. MethodsForty-two male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly allocated into six groups （n=7）： control， model， low/medium/high-dose （0.14， 0.28， 0.56 g·kg^-1·d^-1） GFW （GFW-L， GFW-M， GFW-H）， and Dahuang Zhechong pills （DZW， 1.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1）. The rat model of hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride. General conditions of the rats were observed. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were measured. Liver histopathology and collagen deposition were observed through hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe structural alterations and damage of cellular ultrastructures including mitochondria. Mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP， ΔΨ_m） was detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA levels of mtDNA and NLRP3 in the liver tissue were quantified by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein levels of key molecules in the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway in the liver tissue were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited a decrease in body weight （P<0.01）， an increase in liver index （P<0.01）， elevations in serum ALT and AST levels （P<0.01）， and typical fibrotic features such as disorganized hepatocytes， inflammatory infiltration， and increased collagen deposition in the liver tissue. TEM revealed significant karyotheca degeneration， mitochondrial swelling， endoplasmic reticulum expansion， and organelle efflux in the model group. In addition， the model group showed decreased ΔΨ_m （P<0.01）， up-regulated mRNA levels of mtDNA and NLRP3 （P<0.01） and protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD （P<0.01） in the liver tissue， and increased serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the body weight increased in GFW-L， GFW-M， and DZW groups （P<0.05） and markedly increased in the GFW-H group （P<0.01）. The liver index decreased in the GFW groups and DZW group （P<0.01）. The serum ALT level declined in the GFW-L group （P<0.05）， and the serum ALT and AST levels decreased in the GFW-M， GFW-H， and DZW groups （P<0.01）. Histopathological damage and fibrosis were alleviated to varying degrees， and TEM revealed mitigated ultrastructural injuries including mitophagy， mitochondrial swelling， and endoplasmic reticulum expansion in the drug intervention groups. The ΔΨ_m increased in GFW groups without statistical significance. The mRNA level of mtDNA in the liver tissue was down-regulated in the GFW-M （P<0.05）， GFW-H （P<0.01）， and DZW （P<0.01） groups. The mRNA level of NLRP3 was down-regulated in GFW-M， GFW-H， and DZW groups （P<0.01）. Western blot analysis showed significantly down-regulated protein level of NLRP3 in all the GFW groups and the DZW group （P<0.01）. The protein level of GSDMD-N was down-regulated in GFW-H and DZW groups （P<0.01）. The protein level of cleaved Caspase-1 was down-regulated in GFW-M （P<0.05）， GFW-H （P<0.01）， and DZW （P<0.01） groups. In addition， the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 declined in GFW-H and DZW groups （P<0.01）. ConclusionGFW can suppress pyroptosis to ameliorate CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis， potentially through mitigating mitochondrial damage， inhibiting inflammasome assembly and activation， and blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine release.

Objective To systematic analyze the risk factors for new-onset urethral stricture after transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate(HoLEP)in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods A case-control study was conducted on 746 BPH patients undergoing HoLEP treatment in Department of Urology of the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from November 2021 to August 2024.After 23 cases were excluded because of complication of prostate cancer,finally 723 patients were included.General clinical data such as age,height,weight,history of smoking and drinking,perioperative parameters,and follow-up data at 1,3 and 6 months after operation were collected.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the clinical risk factors for new-onset urethral stricture after HoLEP.Results The subjected patients had a median age of 66.5(64.0,75.0)years,and a preoperative median prostate volume of 66(45,92)mL,and a median indwelling catheter time of 4(4,5)d.The incidence of new urethral stricture after operation was 5.8%(42/723),with membranous part of the urethra(61.9%)the most common site,followed by the external urethral orifice(21.4%)and the bladder neck(7.1%).Risk factor analysis indicated that low BMI(<18.5 kg/m2)(OR=4.682,P=0.037),young age(OR=0.946,P=0.005),and postoperative urinary tract infection(OR=4.513,P=0.001)were independent risk factors for new-onset urethral stricture after surgery.Prostate volume and indwelling time of urinary catheter had no significant association with the occurrence of new urethral stricture after surgery.Conclusion The occurrence of new-onset urethral stricture after HoLEP is significantly correlated with BMI,age and urinary tract infection.The above 3 factors can be used as better predictors of new-onset urethral stricture after HoLEP.

On the basis of that the fluorescence wavelength of copper nanoclusters(CuNCs)could cover the entire visible region,multicolor fluorescent CuNCs/starch composites were prepared and applied in fingermark development.With L-glutathione as the reducing agent and protective ligand,blue emissive and orange emissive CuNCs solutions were obtained in alkaline solutions at 90℃and 25℃,respectively.With the aggregation-induced emission effect induced by ethanol as a poor solvent,the fluorescence of orange emissive CuNCs with a higher intensity was achieved in an ethanol-water solution.With ascorbic acid as the reducing agent and 3-mercaptopropionic acid as the protective agent,green emissive CuNCs solution was prepared in an acid solution.Particle morphologies,chemical compositions and optical properties of these three CuNCs above were investigated using physical characterization and spectroscopic analysis,indicating that well-dispersed CuNCs had excellent photoluminescent properties.These CuNCs solutions were combined with starch to form composite powders by simply drying.The influences of the type of CuNCs and the ratio of CuNCs to starch on the emission wavelength and fluorescence intensity of the products were studied.The obtained CuNCs/starch composites could emit blue,green and orange fluorescence under 365 nm ultraviolet light,respectively,which were suitable for fingermark development.Minutiae and partial level-3 features of latent fingermarks could be effectively developed.High-quality fluorescence fingermark images would be captured using appropriate optical filters to eliminate background interference of various substrates.

Microfluidic chips have revolutionized analytical sciences through miniaturization and high-throughput capabilities.However,conventional static devices are constrained by fixed architectures,functional rigidity,and high customization costs.In recent years,,the emerging configurable and reconfigurable microfluidic technologies have provided solutions for these limitations through dynamic adaptability.Configurable systems enable post-fabrication customization via modular assembly or boundary modification,offering cost-effective functional versatility.Reconfigurable microfluidics represents a more advanced paradigm,incorporating real-time decision-making and dynamic control through physical/virtual boundary adjustments during operation.These adaptive systems enable precise manipulation of microenvironments for applications ranging from single-cell manipulation to dynamic biochemical synthesis.In this review,a ″static-dynamic boundary″ framework to systematically analyze both technologies was proposed,and the design rationales,operational mechanisms,and implementation strategies were compared.The development history of these two techniques was introduced,and the applications demonstrated their transformative potential in developing intelligent lab-on-chip systems,while technical challenges in standardization and control interfaces were critically assessed.The development trend on integrating smart materials and AI-driven automation to advance next-generation adaptive microfluidic platforms was prospected.

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.