AIM: To investigate the influence of pterygium thickness and area on corneal refractive status.METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study. A total of 60 cases(60 eyes)of pterygium patients admitted to our hospital from January 2024 to September 2024 were randomly selected. All patients underwent pterygium excision combined with pedicle conjunctival flap transplantation for treatment. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure the preoperative thickness of patient's pterygium, and a digital slit lamp microscope was used to measure the area of pterygium. The corneal refractive status(degree of corneal astigmatism and average curvature)and changes in uncorrected visual acuity of patients before surgery, 1 d, 1, and 3 mo after surgery were compared. The relationship between preoperative thickness and area of pterygium in patients and corneal refractive status indicators at different postoperative time points were analyzed, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of pterygium thickness and area on postoperative visual improvement in patients.RESULTS: All patients completed follow-up after surgery for 3 mo. At 3 mo after surgery, visual acuity improved in 21 eyes(35%). The results of bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that the thickness and area of pterygium positively correlated with the degree of corneal astigmatism and uncorrected visual acuity before surgery and 1 d, 1, and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the average corneal curvature before surgery and 1 d, 1, and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the thickness and area of pterygium before surgery, high degree of corneal astigmatism, and low uncorrected visual acuity(large LogMAR value)were all risk factors for poor postoperative visual improvement in patients(OR>1, P<0.05). The large average corneal curvature before surgery was a protective factor for poor postoperative visual improvement in patients(OR<1, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The increase in thickness and area of pterygium can, to some extent, improve corneal astigmatism, reduce the average curvature of the cornea, and affect postoperative visual recovery.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to clarify the material basis of Gualou Niubangtang and establish a quantitative analysis method for its main constituents， providing a reference for the overall quality control of this preparation. MethodsThe constituents in the formula were systematically characterized based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. Identification was performed by matching with the UNIFI 9.6 software and utilizing database platforms such as PubChem， ChemicalBook， and ChemSpider， combined with relevant literature reports. A quantitative analysis method for the seven main constituents in Gualou Niubangtang was established by using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. ResultsUPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified 155 constituents， including 69 flavonoids， 36 terpenoids， 23 phenylpropanoids， 8 phenylethanoid glycosides， and 19 other types of constituents. In the established quantitative analysis method， the seven main constituents showed good linearity within their respective linear ranges. The precision， repeatability， stability， and spike recovery all met the required standards. The results showed that the content ranges of geniposide， liquiritin， hesperidin， arctiin， baicalin， oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronide， and wogonoside in 15 batches of Gualou Niubangtang were 13.67-21.25， 1.20-7.64， 5.45-7.45， 22.97-33.51， 29.95-39.07， 2.58-4.80， and 6.56-9.31 mg·g^-1， respectively. ConclusionThis study successfully characterizes and attributes multi-category constituents in Gualou Niubangtang， clarifying that its material basis is primarily composed of flavonoids， terpenoids， phenylethanoid glycosides， and phenylpropanoids. Furthermore， it enables the quantification of seven constituents within the formula. This work lays a foundation for research on the quality control， action mechanism， and clinical application of this formula.

OBJECTIVE To comprehensively evaluate the 16 commonly used kinds of enteral nutrition preparations in Hebei province， aiming to provide a reference for the selection of drugs in medical institutions and clinical drug decision-making. METHODS Based on the Quick Guide for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions （the Second Edition）， evaluation evidence was collected， and the included drugs were scored and evaluated from four dimensions of pharmaceutical characteristics， clinical characteristics， economy and other attributes. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The scores for Enteral nutritional emulsion （TPF-T）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （TPF-D）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （TPF）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （TPF-HE）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （TP）， Enteral nutritional emulsion （SP）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF） （1.5 kcal/mL， 1 kcal＝4.184 kJ）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF） （1.0 kcal/mL）， Intact protein enteral nutrition （powder）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF-DM）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF-MCT）， Enteral nutritional suspension （SP）， Short- peptide enteral nutrition， Enteral nutritional powder （TP）， Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF-D） and Enteral nutritional suspension （TPF-FOS） were 82.9， 84.1， 84.1， 86.1， 78.4， 79.1， 82.6， 82.3， 82.4， 80.2， 83.0， 82.4， 82.1， 85.7， 76.0， 82.4 points， respectively. All medications scored above 70 points. In practice， appropriate drugs can be selected according to clinical requirements and patient needs.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨环状RNA CEMIP（circCEMIP）对膀胱癌UMUC-3细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其分子机制。方法：通过TCGA数据库分析circCEMIP在膀胱癌组织中的表达水平，分析其表达与膀胱癌患者临床分期及生存期的关系。采用qPCR法检测circCEMIP在膀胱癌细胞5637、UMUC-3、MGH-U3、J82和T24中的表达。利用RNA干扰技术，分别将si-circCEMIP及其阴性对照（si-NC）、anti-miR-335及其阴性对照（anti-miR-NC）转染UMUC-3细胞，记为si-circCEMIP组、si-NC组、si-circCEMIP + anti-miR-335组和si-circCEMIP + anti-miR-NC组。采用克隆形成实验、划痕愈合实验和Transwell实验分别检测circCEMIP和miR-335表达对UMUC-3细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响，双萤光素酶报告基因实验验证circCEMIP与miR-335的靶向关系，WB法检测细胞中VEGF-C信号通路相关蛋白的表达。构建UMUC-3细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型，观察敲低circCEMIP对移植瘤生长的影响。结果：膀胱癌组织中circCEMIP呈高表达（P < 0.01），其表达水平与膀胱癌的临床分期正相关（P < 0.01），circCEMIP高表达患者生存率较低（P < 0.01）。circCEMIP在膀胱癌5637、UMUC-3、MGH-U3、J82和T24细胞中呈高表达（均P < 0.01）。敲低circCEMIP显著降低UMUC-3细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力（均P < 0.01）。circCEMIP可靶向结合miR-335（P < 0.01），敲低circCEMIP能显著上调miR-335表达（P < 0.01）。抑制miR-335表达能逆转敲低circCEMIP对UMUC-3细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用（均P < 0.01）。敲低circCEMIP能明显下调VEGF-C信号通路相关蛋白VEGF-C、MMP-2、MMP-9和β-catenin表达（均P < 0.01），抑制miR-335表达能部分逆转敲低circCEMIP对该通路相关蛋白表达的抑制作用（均P < 0.01）。体内实验证实，敲低circCEMIP能够抑制裸鼠膀胱癌移植瘤的生长（P < 0.01）。结论：敲低circCEMIP通过上调miR-335表达抑制膀胱癌UMUC-3细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。

Ferroptosis is a key driver of the onset and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. By exploring the role of ferroptosis in COPD from the perspective of "qi deficiency with retention and stagnation"， it is considered that mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalanced antioxidant defenses are the microscopic manifestations of "qi deficiency"， whereas iron accumulation and lipid peroxide deposition constitute the pathological basis of "retention and stagnation". In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the treatment principle is tonifying deficiency and benefiting qi， scattering retention and unblocking stagnation. Its mechanism involves improving the antioxidant system and mitochondrial function to enhance cellular resistance to ferroptosis， as well as relieving pulmonary iron overload， excessive lipid peroxidation， and inflammatory factor release to reduce the accumulation of pathological products， thereby exerting therapeutic effects on COPD.

[摘 要] 嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T细胞）疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤中显示出显著疗效，但传统体外制备存在流程复杂、周期长和成本高等局限。体内CAR-T细胞通过递送载体在患者体内直接重编程T细胞，有望简化制造流程并提高治疗可及性。慢病毒载体具有载荷容量较大、可稳定整合和生产体系相对成熟等优势，但其天然或假型化包膜的广谱嗜性可能导致非靶细胞转导和安全性风险。本文综述水疱性口炎病毒G蛋白（VSV-G）、Cocal病毒包膜蛋白（COCV-G）、辛德比斯病毒及麻疹病毒/尼帕病毒包膜等假型化与去受体化工程策略，讨论CD3、TCR、CD4、CD8和CD7等靶向受体的选择及CD2/CD28共刺激信号整合，并梳理相关临床前研究和早期临床转化进展。现有证据表明，靶向慢病毒可在体内生成具有抗肿瘤活性的CAR-T细胞，但仍需解决插入突变、脱靶转导、免疫原性、剂量控制和规模化生产等问题。本文旨在为下一代体内CAR-T细胞递送系统的设计与转化提供参考。

[摘 要] 目的：探究环状RNA（circRNA）调控舌鳞状细胞癌（TSCC）顺铂（CDDP）耐药的机制。方法：本研究以TSCC化疗敏感CAL27细胞与耐药CAL27-res细胞为研究对象，RT-qPCR检测两种细胞内hsa_circ_0034762的表达量差异，流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率，Western blotting检测自噬相关蛋白p62及LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值，透射电镜观察自噬小体的数量，双萤光素酶报告实验检测hsa_circ_0034762与miR-17-3p的结合关系，荧光原位杂交实验检测二者在细胞中的共定位，敲低hsa_circ_0034762联合抑制miR-17-3p进行功能回复实验。结果：相比亲本化疗敏感细胞，TSCC耐药细胞CAL27-res自噬水平显著提升，表现为自噬小体数量增加、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值升高及p62蛋白表达降低。hsa_circ_0034762在TSCC耐药组织及CAL27-res细胞中高表达。敲低hsa_circ_0034762后，CAL27-res细胞凋亡率升高，自噬小体数量减少，p62蛋白表达增加，LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值降低（均P < 0.05）。双萤光素酶报告实验与荧光原位杂交实验发现hsa_circ_0034762与miR-17-3p存在靶向结合作用。抑制miR-17-3p可部分逆转hsa_circ_0034762敲低所致的促凋亡及抑制自噬效应。结论：hsa_circ_0034762在TSCC耐药细胞及组织中高表达。敲低hsa_circ_0034762可能通过miR-17-3p抑制细胞自噬并促进细胞凋亡，从而降低TSCC细胞的化疗耐药性。

ObjectiveTo explore the expression levels of long non-coding RNA （lncRNA） H19 and microRNA-22-3p （miR-22-3p） in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI） and their diagnostic value for AMI. MethodsA total of 176 AMI patients were selected as the experimental group and were divided into ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） group （n=95） and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （NSTEMI） group （n=81） based on their medical history and electrocardiogram. Meanwhile， 156 patients with negative angiography during the same period were selected as the control group （CON group）. The relative expression levels of lncRNA H19 and miR-22-3p in the serum of the two groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic value of miR-22-3p and lncRNA H19 in AMI was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） analysis. The levels of serum cardiac troponin I （cTnI）， creatine kinase （CK）， creatine kinase MB isoenzyme （CK-MB）， and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （CRP） were detected in all study subjects. Spearman correlation analyses were used to evaluate the correlations between lncRNA H19 and miR-22-3p and cTnI， CK， CK-MB and CRP. ResultsCompared with the control group， the expression level of lncRNA H19 was upregulated and the expression level of miR-22-3p was downregulated in the AMI group （all P<0.01）； compared with the NSTEMI group， the expression level of lncRNA H19 was upregulated and the expression level of miR-22-3p was downregulated in the STEMI group （P<0.01）. The areas under the ROC curves （AUC） for the diagnosis of AMI by miR-22-3p， lncRNA H19 and their combination were 0.555， 0.977， and 0.983， respectively. lncRNA H19 was positively correlated with cTnI， CK， CK-MB and CRP （P<0.05）， and negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） （P<0.001）； miR-22-3p was negatively correlated with cTnI， CK and CRP， and positively correlated with LVEF （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe expression level of lncRNA H19 is elevated and the expression level of miR-22-3p decreased in AMI patients， and their levels may have potential value as an auxiliary biomarker for AMI diagnosis and cardiac function assessment.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral blue laser vaporization of the prostate, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or plasmakinetic resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The domestic and foreign clinical studies on transurethral blue laser vaporization of the prostate (observation group), TURP or plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (control group) in the treatment of BPH during Jan. 2015 and Mar. 2025 were retrieved. The data were extracted with Cochrane systematic review method. The operation time, decrease in hemoglobin, bladder irrigation time, catheter indwelling time, total complication rate, retrograde ejaculation rate and urinary incontinence rate of the two groups were compared with RevMan 5.3.0 statistical software. Results A total of 5 Chinese studies involving 491 patients (248 in the observation group and 243 in the control group) were included in the Meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the observation group had shorter operation time [MD=-20.80, 95%CI:-26.88—-14.72, P＜0.00001], less decrease in hemoglobin [MD=-10.61, 95%CI: -20.21—-1.01, P=0.03], shorter bladder irrigation time [MD=-17.85, 95%CI: -32.62—-3.09, P=0.002], shorter catheter indwelling time [MD=-1.71, 95%CI: -2.81—- 0.62, P=0.002], lower total complication rate [OR=0.11, 95%CI: 0.06—0.21, P＜0.00001], lower retrograde ejaculation rate [OR=0.05, 95%CI: 0.02—0.16, P＜0.00001] and lower urinary incontinence rate [OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07—0.79, P=0.02]. There were no significant differences in other complications between the two groups (P＞0.05). The international erectile function score (IIEF-5) of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [MD=1.87, 95%CI:1.16—2.57, P＜0.00001]. There were no significant differences in international prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post-voiding residual (PVR) between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion All three surgical procedures can effectively improve the lower urinary tract symptoms of BPH patients. Compared with TURP or plasmakinetic resection of the prostate, transurethral blue laser vaporization of the prostate has obvious advantages in terms of perioperative recovery, reduction of total complications, urinary incontinence and retrograde ejaculation rates, and preservation of sexual function.

The prescription Mahuang Shengmatang in the Treatise on Cold Damage （《伤寒论》） has sparked considerable debate among medical practitioners throughout history， with varying opinions on its indications， pathogenesis described in the text， principle of compatibility， and clinical applications. Both ancient and modern interpreters of Mahuang Shengmatang often focus on herbal compatibility as a primary approach to deduce the pathogenesis and treatment methods. Building upon this foundation， this paper utilizes herbal dosage as a clue to discern the primary and secondary herbs in the prescription. It further analyzes the principle of compatibility based on herbal indications， summarizing the indications and therapeutic principles of this prescription. Ultimately， it reveals the underlying pathogenesis reflected in the text. The internal closure of heat and toxin leads to the stagnation of Qi， preventing Yang Qi from reaching the extremities and causing cold hands and feet. When the pathogenic Qi finds no outlet， it floods both the upper and lower regions of the body， attacking the throat and causing cough with expectoration of pus and blood， and descending to the large intestine to consume Yin fluids， resulting in persistent diarrhea. Based on this pathogenesis， the paper expands the scope of symptoms and signs associated with the prescription， providing a more detailed portrayal of the applicable patient population and enhancing the basis for clinical prescription references. Additionally， the paper presents considerations on several controversial topics， suggesting that the "lower pulse" described in the text refers to the lower limb arterial pulsation， and the symptoms and signs resemble those of septic shock in modern medicine. Therefore， Mahuang Shengmatang should be categorized as a prescription for treating warm diseases and it is not developed by ZHANG Zhongjing. By employing a detailed discussion on the syndrome， pathogenesis， and clinical application in the texts of Mahuang Shengmatang from the dosage， principle of compatibility， and herbal indications， this paper not only enriches the theoretical foundation of Mahuang Shengmatang but also provides a comprehensive perspective and fresh ideas for understanding its clinical application.