Objective:To analyze the prevalence, disease burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021 predict future trends and provide evidence for the development of precise prevention and control policies.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 database, the data on disease burden and risk factors of T2DM in China and in the world from 1990 to 2021 were extracted. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability adjusted life year rate (ASDR) were used to evaluate the prevalence and disease burden of T2DM. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to evaluate change trends. Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis models were constructed to predict the prevalence and disease burden of T2DM from 2022 to 2046.Results:In 2021, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR of T2DM in China were 308.37/100 000, 10 626.04/100 000, and 1 050.47/100 000, which increased by 12.92% (AAPC=0.388%, P=0.009), 61.60% (AAPC=1.546%, P<0.001), and 25.26% (AAPC=0.756%, P<0.001) compared with 1990, respectively. However, the ASMR dropped to 15.84/100 000, a decrease of 4.75% (AAPC=0.122%, P=0.154). The prediction results showed that the ASPR and ASDR of T2DM in China would continue to increase steadily from 2022 to 2046 , which would increase to 19 732.71/100 000 and 1 941.25/100 000 in 2046, while the ASIR and ASMR would decrease to 258.35/100 000 and 11.49/100 000 in 2046. It is predicted that the annual ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR of T2DM in China would remain lower than the global levels from 2022 to 2046. The disease burden level of T2DM was higher in men and the elderly in China. Based on data from China and the world, metabolic factors (high FPG glucose and high BMI) are consistently the main risk factors leading to the disease burden of T2DM, and ambient particulate matter pollution is the main environmental factor. While the global disease burden of T2DM attributed to smoking has become stabilized, China still maintains a relatively high level and the level is predicted to keep rising in the future. Conclusions:The disease burden of T2DM continues to increase in China, posing significant challenges for prevention and treatment. The prevention and intervention strategies should focus on the key modifiable risk factors.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence, disease burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021 predict future trends and provide evidence for the development of precise prevention and control policies.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 database, the data on disease burden and risk factors of T2DM in China and in the world from 1990 to 2021 were extracted. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability adjusted life year rate (ASDR) were used to evaluate the prevalence and disease burden of T2DM. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to evaluate change trends. Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis models were constructed to predict the prevalence and disease burden of T2DM from 2022 to 2046.Results:In 2021, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR of T2DM in China were 308.37/100 000, 10 626.04/100 000, and 1 050.47/100 000, which increased by 12.92% (AAPC=0.388%, P=0.009), 61.60% (AAPC=1.546%, P<0.001), and 25.26% (AAPC=0.756%, P<0.001) compared with 1990, respectively. However, the ASMR dropped to 15.84/100 000, a decrease of 4.75% (AAPC=0.122%, P=0.154). The prediction results showed that the ASPR and ASDR of T2DM in China would continue to increase steadily from 2022 to 2046 , which would increase to 19 732.71/100 000 and 1 941.25/100 000 in 2046, while the ASIR and ASMR would decrease to 258.35/100 000 and 11.49/100 000 in 2046. It is predicted that the annual ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR of T2DM in China would remain lower than the global levels from 2022 to 2046. The disease burden level of T2DM was higher in men and the elderly in China. Based on data from China and the world, metabolic factors (high FPG glucose and high BMI) are consistently the main risk factors leading to the disease burden of T2DM, and ambient particulate matter pollution is the main environmental factor. While the global disease burden of T2DM attributed to smoking has become stabilized, China still maintains a relatively high level and the level is predicted to keep rising in the future. Conclusions:The disease burden of T2DM continues to increase in China, posing significant challenges for prevention and treatment. The prevention and intervention strategies should focus on the key modifiable risk factors.

Objective: To explore mental health status of vocational college students and its association with physical exercise and exercise motivation, so as to provide data support for the promotion of physical exercise, exercise motivation theory and the protection of mental health among vocational college students. Methods: From June 2 to July 2, 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 763 college students from three vocational colleges in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou for the survey. Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Motives for Physical Activities Measure-Revised (MPAM-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Flourishing Scale (FS) were used to assess physical exercise, exercise motivation, depressive symptoms and flourishing levels of vocational college students. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between physical exercise, exercise motivation, depression as the negative indicator of mental health and flourishing as the positive indicator of mental health. Results: There were negative correlations between physical exercise, exercise motivation and their five factors with depression scores among vocational college students ( r=-0.162--0.133, P <0.01). Physical exercise, health motivation and pleasure motivation were positively correlated with flourishing and its eight factors among vocational college students ( r= 0.054 -0.099, P <0.05). Depression scores and flourishing scores varied significantly across students with different levels of physical exercise and exercise motivation ( F=11.18-15.69, 2.80-16.05, P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that physical exercise, health motivation, and total exercise motivation scores were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms ( β = -0.02 , -0.11, -0.35), and physical exercise, health motivation, pleasure motivation, and total exercise motivation scores were positively correlated with flourishing ( β =0.31, 0.32, 0.50, 0.30) ( P <0.05). Conclusions Physical exercise and exercise motivation are significantly associated with mental health of vocational college students. Enhancing physical exercise and increasing exercise motivation in aspects of health and pleasure can promote mental health of vocational college students.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of artificial liver support therapy on the short-term (28- and 90-day) mortality rate of patients with liver failure in the plateau stage through a stratified analysis based on Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 187 patients with liver failure who were admitted to Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, from January 2015 to April 2019, with 73 patients in the artificial liver group and 114 in the non-artificial liver group. The stratified analysis based on MELD score in the plateau stage was performed to investigate the differences in 28- and 90-day mortality rates, hospital costs and length of hospital stay of surviving patients, and incidence rate of adverse reactions of artificial liver support therapy between the two groups. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between the two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between the two groups. ResultsCompared with the non-artificial liver group, the artificial liver group had a significant reduction in the 28-day mortality rate of the patients with an MELD score of 30-39 (5.9% vs 39.6%, P＜0.001) or those with an MELD score of 40 (25.0% vs 72.7%, P＜0.05). Compared with the non-artificial liver group, the artificial liver group had a significant reduction in the 90-day mortality rate of the patients with an MELD score of 30-39 (23.5% vs 623%, P＜0.001). Artificial liver support therapy did not significantly shorten the mean hospital stay of the surviving patients (P＞0.05) and had no significant influence on the total hospital costs of the surviving patients within 90 days (P＞0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions related to artificial liver support therapy was 29.1%, but the symptoms were mild and were relieved after symptomatic treatment. ConclusionPatients with an MELD score of ＜30 in the plateau stage tend to have low 28- and 90-day mortality rates, and artificial liver support therapy can be reasonably selected according to the patient’s economic conditions and willingness. Artificial liver support therapy is recommended for patients with an MELD score of 30-39 in the plateau stage if there is no obvious contraindication. For patients with an MELD score of 40 in the plateau stage, artificial liver support therapy is recommended within 28 days if there is no obvious contraindication, and liver transplantation is recommended as soon as possible. Artificial liver support therapy has no significant influence on the total hospital costs and mean hospital stay of the surviving patients within 90 days and does not increase the economic burden of patients.

Adult ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult