Objective:To summarize the best evidence regarding early maternal-neonatal skin-to-skin contact during cesarean section, with the aim of providing an evidence-based foundation for clinical nursing practice.Methods:Developing a literature search strategy to systematically retrieve relevant literature on early maternal-neonatal skin-to-skin contact during cesarean sections from UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wanfang Database. The search focus on clinical decision-making, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, and systematic reviews. The search timeframe should cover from the inception of each database to June 2024. Literature was subjected to quality appraisal, and only high-quality sources were included for evidence extraction and synthesis.Results:A total of eight documents were included, consisting of one clinical decision-making, five guidelines, one expert consensus, and one systematic review. A total of 23 best practice recommendations were extracted and categorized into six domains: team composition and training, indications and contraindications, pre-implementation preparation, implementation protocols, implementation recommendations, and precautions.Conclusions:This study provides a comprehensive summary of current evidence related to early maternal-neonatal skin-to-skin contact during cesarean section. The findings offer evidence-based guidance for clinical nursing practice and contribute to improving the safety of maternal-neonatal skin-to-skin contact implementation during cesarean section.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence regarding early maternal-neonatal skin-to-skin contact during cesarean section, with the aim of providing an evidence-based foundation for clinical nursing practice.Methods:Developing a literature search strategy to systematically retrieve relevant literature on early maternal-neonatal skin-to-skin contact during cesarean sections from UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wanfang Database. The search focus on clinical decision-making, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, and systematic reviews. The search timeframe should cover from the inception of each database to June 2024. Literature was subjected to quality appraisal, and only high-quality sources were included for evidence extraction and synthesis.Results:A total of eight documents were included, consisting of one clinical decision-making, five guidelines, one expert consensus, and one systematic review. A total of 23 best practice recommendations were extracted and categorized into six domains: team composition and training, indications and contraindications, pre-implementation preparation, implementation protocols, implementation recommendations, and precautions.Conclusions:This study provides a comprehensive summary of current evidence related to early maternal-neonatal skin-to-skin contact during cesarean section. The findings offer evidence-based guidance for clinical nursing practice and contribute to improving the safety of maternal-neonatal skin-to-skin contact implementation during cesarean section.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of umbilical cord milking (UCM) on neonatal outcomes after cesarean section.Methods:Chinese and English databases (including CNKI, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine Disc, VIP, Yiigle, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) and ClinicalTrials.gov were retrieved from the inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials regarding UCM in neonates from different races who were born by cesarean section were included. The outcomes were postnatal hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, peak serum bilirubin level, phototherapy, cord blood pH value, intraventricular hemorrhage, death, polycythemia, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and Apgar score. The risk of bias among the included studies was confined to low or possible risk according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2.0. RevMan5.3 was used for meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed among neonates with different gestational ages. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the grades of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) framework.Results:A total of 11 articles involving 2 347 neonates (1 322 full-term and 1 025 preterm infants) were included. Meta-analysis results showed that: (1) Compared with the immediate cord clamping, UCM increased the hemoglobin level within 24 h and 48-72 h after birth ( MD=1.40, 95% CI: 1.11-1.70, Z=9.32; MD=0.86, 95% CI: 0.69-1.02, Z=10.02, both P<0.01), hematocrit value within 24 h and 48-72 h after birth ( MD=2.73, 95% CI: 0.18-5.29, Z=2.09, P=0.04; MD=3.57, 95% CI: 2.29-4.85, Z=5.46, P<0.01). However, no significant differences were found in the peak bilirubin level, phototherapy, cord blood pH, and Apgar score at 1 and 5 min (all P>0.05). (2) Compared with delayed cord clamping, UCM increased the hemoglobin level ( MD=0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.91, Z=20.11, P<0.01) and hematocrit value ( MD=2.34, 95% CI: 1.25-3.43, Z=4.20, P<0.01) within 24 h after birth, but not in the hematocrit value at 48-72 h after birth ( MD=－0.38, 95% CI:－2.27-1.52, Z=0.39, P=0.70) or the peak bilirubin level ( MD=－0.65, 95% CI:－2.16-1.04, Z=0.69, P=0.49). Sensitivity analysis showed that for full-term neonates born by cesarean section, the peak bilirubin level in the UCM group was significantly lower than that in the delayed cord clamping group ( MD=－1.30, 95% CI:－2.26-0.34, Z=2.66, P<0.01). Still, the incidence of phototherapy, intraventricular hemorrhage (grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ), death, polycythemia, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min showed no statistical differences (all P>0.05). Conclusions:UCM could increase the short-term postnatal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates born by cesarean section, which might prevent neonatal anemia in the short term without increasing the adverse neonatal outcomes. Little effects were observed on the peak bilirubin level, phototherapy, polycythemia, etc. More high-quality and large-sample randomized controlled trials are needed in the future.

Objective To systematically search,evaluate and summarize the best evidence for prevention and management of extravasation in peripheral intravenous infusion in NICU neonates,and provide a reference for clinical practice and standard formulation.Methods A comprehensive systematic search of websites and databases was conducted to explore literature on prevention and management of extravasation in NICU neonates,including clinical decisions,guidelines,expert consensuses,evidence summaries and systematic reviews.The search encompassed the entire period from database inception to July 2023.2 researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature,extracted and integrated the evidence.Results The study included a total of 9 articles,comprising 1 clinical decision,3 guidelines,3 expert consensus documents,and 2 evidence summaries.Ultimately,25 pieces of evidence were synthesized,covering risk factors,catheter indwelling and maintenance,extravasation assessment and treatment,and team building,education and training.Conclusion The evidence provided practical and specific recommendations that can guide healthcare institutions in formulating strategies to prevent and treat extravasation during peripheral intravenous infusion in NICU neonates,while also offering evidence-based guidance for applying the evidence in clinical practice.

Objective To retrieve and integrate relevant evidence on the prevention and nursing of neonatal intraoperative acquired pressure and provide a reference basis for nursing practice.Methods According to the"6S"model retrieval strategy,we searched for published articles including the following topic words,such as prevention,assessment,management,and nursing care of neonatal intra-operative pressure injury from establishment of databases until August 2,2023.We got the related references from clinical decision-making websites,guidelines network,professional association websites,domestic and foreign databases.Results Totally 14 articles were included,including 1 clinical decision support,4 clinical guidelines,3 evidence summaries,2 systematic reviews and 4 expert consensuses.Finally,31 pieces of best evidence were summarized from 5 aspects of risk factors,risk assessment,observation and preventive measures,nursing measures after the occurrence of pressure injury,education and training.Conclusion Multidisciplinary collaborative participation based on the obtained evidence is an effective strategy,which can be applied to the prevention and nursing care of neonatal intraoperative acquired pressure injury.Appropriate preventive and nursing programs should be made according to the actual situation and clinical environment,so as to reduce the incidence of neonatal intraoperative acquired pressure injury and to ensure the safety of neonatal perioperative nursing care.

Objective To construct a theoretical model of venous thromboembolism(VTE)risk perception in pregnant women,so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting pregnant women to form a correct risk perception of VTE and actively take preventive behaviors.Methods A qualitative research approach guided by the procedural grounded theoiy was adopted.Data were collected by a semi-structured deep interview on 18 pregnant women who received prenatal examination in the outpatient department of a tertiary A obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Nanjing from June to July 2023,and the data were analyzed by three-level coding and continuous comparison method.Results The VTE risk perception of pregnant women was affected by 6 factors including social coupling system,self health status,life behavior habits,knowledge on disease,compliance behavior and emotional stimulation.Pregnant women perceived VTE risk from 3 aspects:threats to maternal and child safety,increased family economic burden and increased time cost,impact on social roles.Thus,3 health behavior decisions were formed,including taking preventive behaviors,overcoming implementation barriers,and seeking knowledge behaviors,in order to reduce their own risk of VTE,and prevent the occurrence of VTE.Conclusion The theoretical model of VTE risk perception of pregnant women can guide medical staff to comprehensively consider the influencing factors of VTE risk perception of pregnant women,optimize the form and content of VTE health education,give pregnant women individualized and sustainable VTE prevention guidance,and strengthen pregnant women's perception of VTE risk and the benefits of preventive behavior,so as to actively take the correct health behavior decisions.

Objective To explore the dyad coping experience of stress in pregnant women with undifferentiated connective tissue disease and their spouses,providing a basis for developing dyadic coping intervention measures.Methods By purposive sampling,15 pairs of pregnant women and their spouses who visited the outpatient clinic for pregnancy complicated with immune diseases in a matemity hospital in Jiangsu Province from April to August 2023 were selected as the research subjects for semi-structured interviews.Content analysis was conducted using the Colaizzi 7-step method,and an interview outline and integrated themes were developed based on the Developmental Contextual Coping Model.Results 3 themes(coexistence of positive and negative stress experiences;diverse approaches to dyadic coping with stress;growth and challenges following stress adaptation)and 11 subthemes were identified.Conclusion Healthcare professionals should attach importance to the stress coping issues of pregnant women with undifferentiated connective tissue disease and their spouses,take measures to regulate the negative emotions of couples,ensure multi-faceted support,help the couple adopt positive coping strategies,and promote good stress adaptation.

Objective::To assess the role of a nurse-assisted early warning intervention in improving prophylaxis against obstetric venous thromboembolism (VTE) and preventing VTE following cesarean delivery (CD).Methods::A prospective cohort study conducted between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2022, enrolled pregnant women who underwent CD in the obstetric unit of Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital. The patients were assigned to a control group (routine nursing care) or the intervention group (nurse-assisted early warning intervention) depending on whether or not the nurse-assisted early warning intervention had been implemented. The χ2 test and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. The primary outcome was the incidence of systemic VTE following CD, and secondary outcomes were the rates of mechanical or pharmacologic prophylaxis receipts for VTE and the frequency and severity of adverse events related to pharmacologic prophylaxis. Results::A total of 27,074 cases were enrolled. The incidence of symptomatic VTE following CD was significantly lower in the intervention group (0.29 per 1000 deliveries) than in the control group (2.4 per 1000 deliveries) ( P < 0.001). Significantly more cases received mechanical and pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in the intervention group than in the control group (respectively, 19.8% vs. 12.6% receiving mechanical prophylaxis and 0.9% vs. 0.2% receiving pharmacological prophylaxis). No cases of life-threatening bleeding occurred in either group. Conclusion::The application of nurse-assisted early warning intervention may be an effective method for preventing VTE following CD.

Objective::To assess the role of a nurse-assisted early warning intervention in improving prophylaxis against obstetric venous thromboembolism (VTE) and preventing VTE following cesarean delivery (CD).Methods::A prospective cohort study conducted between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2022, enrolled pregnant women who underwent CD in the obstetric unit of Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital. The patients were assigned to a control group (routine nursing care) or the intervention group (nurse-assisted early warning intervention) depending on whether or not the nurse-assisted early warning intervention had been implemented. The χ2 test and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. The primary outcome was the incidence of systemic VTE following CD, and secondary outcomes were the rates of mechanical or pharmacologic prophylaxis receipts for VTE and the frequency and severity of adverse events related to pharmacologic prophylaxis. Results::A total of 27,074 cases were enrolled. The incidence of symptomatic VTE following CD was significantly lower in the intervention group (0.29 per 1000 deliveries) than in the control group (2.4 per 1000 deliveries) ( P < 0.001). Significantly more cases received mechanical and pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in the intervention group than in the control group (respectively, 19.8% vs. 12.6% receiving mechanical prophylaxis and 0.9% vs. 0.2% receiving pharmacological prophylaxis). No cases of life-threatening bleeding occurred in either group. Conclusion::The application of nurse-assisted early warning intervention may be an effective method for preventing VTE following CD.

Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in goats. Inactivated vaccines and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) indirect hemagglutination reagents are available for prevention and serological detection, but high culture costs and complex antigen quantification have been plagued by production staff. In order to solve these problems in production practice, a sugar fermentation medium with an initial pH value of 7.8, which could improve the production of two antigens simultaneously, was screened out by changing the initial pH value based on previous Mccp metabolomics analysis. Since phenol red can be identified by UV absorption spectrum and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can bind to anionic capsular polysaccharide, a UV spectrum measurement method for analyzing the culture stage reached by Mccp and a CTAB precipitation test for relative quantification of capsular polysaccharide antigen content in the fermentation broth were established. The UV spectrum observation method can guide the production of Mccp according to the growth curve of Mccp, which greatly reduces the monitoring time of the traditional CCU method and improves the accuracy of the original eye-observation method. The established CTAB precipitation test can complete the monitoring of CPS content within 5 hours, which greatly reduces the time required compared with the traditional differential technique, and its accuracy was verified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The optimized culture medium and the two correlation comparison methods established in this study can effectively reduce the production cost of Mccp and improve the production efficiency. The two assays have been used in the research at our laboratory, which provides experimental data for further improvement of the production process of CCPP inactivated vaccine and capsular polysaccharide as well as rapid quantification.
Humans ; Animals ; Goats ; Cetrimonium ; Mycoplasma ; Polysaccharides