OBJECTIVE: To analyze the composition, incidence and clinical characteristics of oral and maxillofacial infections in oral emergency. METHODS: A retrospective study on patients with oral and maxillofacial infections who visited the Department of Oral Emergency in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2017 to December 2019 was conducted. General characteristics, such as disease composition, gender, age distribution and position of involved teeth were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 8 277 patients with oral and maxillofacial infections were finally collected, including 4 378 male patients (52.9%) and 3 899 female patients (47.1%), with gender ratio of 1.12:1. The common diseases were periodontal abscess (3 826 cases, 46.2%), alveolar abscess (3 537 cases, 42.7%), maxillofacial space infection (740 cases, 9.0%), sialadenitis (108 cases, 1.3%), furuncle & carbuncle (56 cases, 0.7%) and osteomyelitis (10 cases, 0.1%). Male patients were more easily affected by periodontal abscess, space infection and furuncle & carbuncle than female patients with the gender ratios 1.24:1, 1.26:1, 2.50:1 individually, while the incidence of alveolar abscess, sialadenitis, furuncle & carbuncle had no significant gender difference. Different diseases were prone to occur at different ages. The peak ages of alveolar abscess were 5-9 and 27-67 years, while the peak age of periodontal abscess was 30-64 years. Space infection tended to occur between 21-67 years. There were 7 363 patients with oral abscess (3 826 patients with periodontal abscess and 3 537 patients with alveolar abscess), accounting for 88.9% of all the patients with oral and maxillofacial infections, involving 7 999 teeth, including 717 deciduous teeth and 7 282 permanent teeth. Periodontal abscess usually occurred in permanent teeth, especially the molar teeth. Alveolar abscess may occur in both primary teeth and permanent teeth. In primary teeth, the most vulnerable sites were primary molar teeth and maxillary central incisors while in permanent teeth the most vulnerable sites were first molar teeth. CONCLUSION Understanding the incidence of oral and maxillofacial infection was conducive to the correct diagnosis and effective treatment of clinical diseases, as well as targeted education for patients of different ages and genders to prevent the occurrence of diseases.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Abscess ; Retrospective Studies ; Periodontal Abscess ; Carbuncle ; Furunculosis ; Incisor ; Sialadenitis/epidemiology*

To explore the methods of the explicitation of implicit knowledge and the construction of knowledge graph on moxibustion in medical case records of ZHOU Mei-sheng's Jiusheng. The medical case records data of Jiusheng was collected, the frequency statistic was analyzed based on Python3.8.6, complex network analysis was performed using Gephi9.2 software, community analysis was performed by the ancient and modern medical case cloud platform V2.3.5, and analysis and verification of correlation graph and weight graph were proceed by Neo4j3.5.25 image database. The disease systems with frequency≥10 % were surgery, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, locomotor, digestive and respiratory systems. The diseases under the disease system were mainly carbuncle, arthritis, lumbar disc herniation and headache. The commonly used moxibustion methods were fumigating moxibustion, blowing moxibustion, direct moxibustion and warming acupuncture. The core prescription of points obtained by complex network analysis included Yatong point, Zhiyang(GV 9), Sanyinjiao(SP 6), Dazhui(GV 14), Zusanli(ST 36), Lingtai(GV 10), Xinshu(BL 15), Zhijian point and Hegu(LI 4), which were basically consistent with high-frequency points. A total of 6 communities were obtained by community analysis, corresponding to different diseases. Through the analysis of correlation graph, 13 pairs of strong association rule points were obtained. The correlation between Zhiyang(GV 9)-Dazhui(GV 14) and Yatong point-Lingtai(GV 10) was the strongest. The acupoints with high correlation with Yatong point were Zhiyang(GV 9), Lingtai(GV 10), Dazhui(GV 14), Zusanli(ST 36) and Sanyinjiao(SP 6). In the weight graph of the high-frequency disease system, the relationship of the first weight of the surgery system disease was fumigating moxibustion-carbuncle-Yatong point, and the relationship of the first weight of the ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology system disease was blowing moxibustion-laryngitis-Hegu (LI 4). The results of correlation graph and weight graph are consistent with the results of data mining, which can be used as an effective way to study the knowledge base of moxibustion diagnosis and treatment in the future.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Carbuncle ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture Points

Staphylococcus aureus is now a major community-acquired pathogen worldwide, notably associated with skin and soft tissue infections. Staphylococci are present in the form of colonizers or environmental contaminants at home and increase the risk of recurrent infection. We are describing recurrent familial furunculosis caused by Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-positive methicillin susceptible S. aureus ST1 in Korea. An infant, his father and mother had furunculosis due to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) infection with identical susceptibility patterns. ST1 accounted for all 3 isolates and they were confirmed of having agr group I. Both sec and seh were detected in all isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and all isolates contained Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Risk factors for the household spread of S. aureus include skin conditions and close physical contact among household members. The relationship between S. aureus colonization of household contacts and the occurrence of S. aureus infection should be studied into more detail.
Colon ; Family Characteristics ; Fathers ; Furunculosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Leukocidins ; Methicillin ; Mothers ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus

Dianthus superbus (D. superbus) is a traditional crude drug used for the treatment of urethritis, carbuncles and carcinomas. The objective of this study was to confirm the cognitive enhancing effect of D. superbus in memory impairment induced mice and to elucidate the possible potential mechanism. Effect of D. superbus on scopolamine induced memory impairment on mice was evaluated using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. We also investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) expression in scopolamine-induced mice. HPLC-DAD analysis was performed to identify active compounds in D. superbus. The results revealed that D. superbus attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine. D. superbus also inhibited AChE levels in the hippocampi of the scopolamine-injected mice. Moreover, D. superbus increased BDNF expression in the hippocampus. Eight compounds were identified using HPLC-DAD analysis. The content of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid was higher than contents of other compounds. These results indicated that D. superbus improved memory functioning accompanied by inhibition of AChE and upregulation of BDNF, suggesting that D. superbus may be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Acetic Acid ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Carbuncle ; Dianthus* ; Hippocampus ; Learning ; Memory* ; Mice* ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; Up-Regulation ; Urethritis ; Water

Kerion celsi is an inflammatory infection, caused by a vigorous T-cell mediated host response to the dermatophyte infection. In the case of severe inflammation, it can be misdiagnosed as other disease like cellulitis, impetigo, furuncle and epidermal cyst. Microsporum(M.) canis is most likely transmitted by contact of animal hosts such as cats and dogs with humans. We report the 75-year-old female who presented two months history of tender erythematous scaly plaques with pustules, crusts on right scalp area. At first, from the histopathologic findings of the lesion, the patient was diagnosed epidermal cyst because of cyst-like structure in mid-dermis. But the fungal culture revealed M. canis as the causative fungus. Herein we report a educational case of kerion celsi mistaken for ruptured epidermal cyst.
Aged ; Animals ; Arthrodermataceae ; Cats ; Cellulitis ; Dogs ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Female ; Fungi ; Furunculosis ; Humans ; Impetigo ; Inflammation ; Scalp ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tinea Capitis*

We compared the activities of tedizolid to those of linezolid and other commonly used antimicrobial agents against gram-positive cocci recovered from patients with skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in Korean hospitals. Gram-positive isolates were collected from 356 patients with SSSIs and 144 patients with HAP at eight hospitals in Korea from 2011 to 2014. SSSIs included impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, furuncles, abscesses, and infected burns. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by using the CLSI agar dilution method. All of the gram-positive isolates were inhibited by < or =1 microg/mL tedizolid. The minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]90 of tedizolid was 0.5 microg/mL for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which was 4-fold lower than that of linezolid. Tedizolid may become a useful option for the treatment of SSSIs and HAP caused by gram-positive bacteria.
Abscess ; Agar ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Burns ; Cellulitis ; Erysipelas ; Furunculosis ; Gram-Positive Bacteria* ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans ; Impetigo ; Korea ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumonia* ; Skin*

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Furunculosis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Humans

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Female ; Furunculosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection is an emerging health problem in pediatrics. Risk factors are not well established in children.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for the development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections arising in the community.
METHODOLOGY: A restrospective case-control study was performed from January 2004 to December 2011. Cases included patients who were culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus and resistant to methicillin/oxacillin while Control included patients who were sensitive to methicillin/oxacillin. The study identified and analyzed the epidemiology, risk factors and resistance pattern of CA-MRSA isolates.
RESULTS: Three hundred twety three (323) patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections were enrolled: 172 were CA-MRSA infections (cases); and 151 were community acquired methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MSSA) infections (control). Demographic characteristics and clinical profile were skin (cellulitis, furunculosis and abscess) and pulmonary (pneumonica and empyema). The survival rate was high for both groups (>90%). The final multivariate logistic regresion model showed that level of crowding and socio-economic status remained model showed that level of crowding and socio-economic status remained as risk factors for CA-MRSA. The odds of having CA-MRSA in crowded households is 0.35 (90%CI 0.20-0.62) less likely when compared to the odds of acquiring MRSA in less crowded households (p=0.003). Those who had low socio-eonomic had 2.49 times higher chance (90%CI; 1.39 -4.47) of aquiring CA-MRSA compared to those with higher socio-economic status (p=0.01).
CONCLUSION: CA-MRSA is an emerging problem. This warrants recognition of patients with significant risk factors such as low socio-economic status and level of crowding. This may serve guide in choosing the appropriate antimicrobial theraply.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Preschool ; Infant ; Methicillin ; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ; Oxacillin ; Furunculosis ; Anti-infective Agents ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Community-acquired Infections

Although pandemic community-associated (CA-) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST30 clone has successfully spread into many Asian countries, there has been no case in Korea. We report the first imported case of infection caused by this clone in a Korean traveler returning from the Philippines. A previously healthy 30-yr-old Korean woman developed a buttock carbuncle while traveling in the Philippines. After coming back to Korea, oral cephalosporin was given by a primary physician without any improvement. Abscess was drained and MRSA strain isolated from her carbuncle was molecularly characterized and it was confirmed as ST30-MRSA-IV. She was successfully treated with vancomycin and surgery. Frequent international travel and migration have increased the risk of international spread of CA-MRSA clones. The efforts to understand the changing epidemiology of CA-MRSA should be continued, and we should raise suspicion of CA-MRSA infection in travelers with skin infections returning from CA-MRSA-endemic countries.
Adult ; Bacterial Toxins/metabolism ; Carbuncle/microbiology ; Cephalosporins/therapeutic use ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy/microbiology ; Exotoxins/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocidins/metabolism ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/*isolation & purification ; Philippines ; Republic of Korea ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections/*drug therapy/surgery ; Travel ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use