Objective To explore the efficacy of memantine-assisted deep brain stimulation in adolescents with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder and its effect on serum neurofactors and inflammatory cytokines.Methods A total of 115 adolescents with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder were randomly divided into the control group(n = 57)and the study group(n = 58).The control group was treated with sertraline combined with deep brain stimulation for 3 months,while the study group was treated with memantine combined with deep brain stimulation for 3 months.The efficacy,adverse reactions,serum neurofactors(including 5-hydroxytryptamine[5-HT],brain-de-rived neurotrophic factor[BDNF],and glial neurotrophic factor[GDNF]),inflammatory cytokines(including tumor necrosis factor-α[TNF-α],interleukin[IL]-2,and IL-6),mental state,psychosocial functioning,and quality of life before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(96.55%and 84.21%,P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum 5-HT and BDNF levels at 1-and 3-month post-treatment were signifi-cantly higher in the study group,while the levels of serum GDNF,TNF-α,IL-2,and IL-6 were significantly lower(P＜0.05).The scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale were significantly lower and the scores of Chinese Version of the Personal and Social Performance Scale,and TDL Quality of Life Assessment Scale were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups were similar(P＞0.05).Conclusion Our results support the efficacy of memantine-assisted deep brain stimulation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents.In particular,the treatment can regulate neurofactor and inflammatory cytokine levels,relieve anxiety and depression,improved psychosocial function and quality of life,and is safe.

Objective:To analyze epidemic trends of other infectious diarrhea in Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2022, and explore the application of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in the prediction of the incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Jiangxi Province, providing reference for the prediction and prevention and control of other infectious diarrhea.Methods:To conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis of other infectious diarrhea cases in Jiangxi Province from 2017 to 2022, and establish an ARIMA model to predict the number of other infectious diarrhea cases in 2023.Results:From 2017 to 2022, Jiangxi Province reported 204 842 cases of other infectious diarrhea. The annual average reported incidence rate was 74.32/100 000. The cases were reported in each age group with obvious seasonal characteristics of the main peak. There were two peak periods of incidence in winter and spring (from January to March) and in summer and autumn (from July to September) and the peak value was higher in winter and spring. All parameters of the model ARIMA (0,1,2)(2,1,0) 12 and ARIMA (1,0,0)(2,1,0) 12 were statistically significant ( P<0.05), and the minimum values of Bayesian information criterion were 13.83 and 9.12, respectively. The residual series were all white noise ( P>0.05); The predicted value of the model is in good agreement with the actual value, and the predicted trend is consistent with the actual trend. The model has a good prediction effect. Conclusions:The other infectious diarrhea occurred in 2017-2022 was still the first case of notifiable disease in Jiangxi Province. The prevention and control situation cannot be ignored. Disease monitoring and health education for families of children under 3 years of age and scattered children among key populations for prevention and control should be strengthened during the epidemic season. The ARIMA model can be used for short-term prediction and trend analysis of other infectious diarrhea outbreaks in Jiangxi Province.

ABSTRACT Currently, there is a limited range of specialized oral preparations available for children, and it is common to find adult medications being used for pediatric purposes. This indicates a need for the development of new formulations specifically designed for children. Microparticle coating technology shows promise in masking the unpleasant taste of drugs, improving compliance and convenience in administration. Therefore, it can be considered an ideal approach for developing pediatric preparations. This article summarizes the current research and application status and development prospects of children's micro powder coating technology, providing reference for the application of micro powder coating technology in the field of children's oral preparations.

Objective:To explore the effect of moderate intensity physical exercise on depression, anxiety and cognitive function of schizophrenic patients and its possible biochemical mechanism.Methods:Totally 148 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were randomly divided into control group ( n=75) and exercise group ( n=73). The patients of the two groups were given drug treatment and routine exercise according to clinical practice, and the patients in exercise group were given additional medium-intensity physical exercise.Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the poor mental state of the subjects.The verbal fluency task(VFT), digital span test(DST), trail making test-A(TMT-A) and the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) were used to evaluate cognitive function.The levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) receptors were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and eCBs in the patients' serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The measurement data between the two groups were compared by t-test and the counting data between the two groups were compared by χ2 test. Results:(1) After effective intervention, the scores of SAS, SDS, TMT-A and PANSS of the two groups were significantly lower than those before intervention, and the difference before and after intervention between the two groups was statistically significant( t=6.00, 6.52, 25.79, 17.03, all P<0.01). The scores of SAS, SDS, TMT-A and PANSS after intervention in the exercise group were significantly lower than those in the control group( t=4.66, 20.88, 6.61, 8.95; all P<0.01). The number of VFT and DST in the two groups after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention, and the differences before and after intervention between the two groups were statistically significant( t=13.78, 22.76, both P<0.01). After effective intervention, the number of VFT and DST in exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group( t=5.02, 5.15, both P<0.01). (2) After effective intervention, the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters and eCBs in serum of the two groups were significantly higher than those before intervention, and HVA level ((63.68±6.99) pg/mL), MHPG level ((175.90±16.22) pg/mL), 5-HIAA level ((29.94±4.19) pg/mL) and CBR1 level ((6.70±1.40)μg/L), 2-AG level ((61.90±5.73)pmol/g) and AEA level ((76.48±6.59) pmol/g) in exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((52.97±5.37)pg/mL, (138.50±11.52)pg/mL, (23.87±3.15)pg/mL, (5.71±1.29)μg/L, (52.13±5.14)pmol/g, (67.66±5.88)pmol/g)( t=10.43, 16.21, 10.91, 8.65, all P<0.01). Conclusion:Moderate intensity physical exercise can significantly improve their depression, anxiety and cognitive function, which may be related to regulating the levels of ECBS and their receptors in patients with chronic schizophrenia to increase monoamine neurotransmitters.

Cancer immunotherapy can effectively inhibit cancer progression by activating the autoimmune system, with low toxicity and high effectiveness. Some of cancer immunotherapy had positive effects on clinical cancer treatment. However, cancer immunotherapy is still restricted by cancer heterogeneity, immune cell disability, tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and systemic immune toxicity. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNs) inherit abundant source cell-relevant functions, including "self" markers, cross-talking with the immune system, biological targeting, and homing to specific regions. These enable them to possess preferred characteristics, including better biological compatibility, weak immunogenicity, immune escaping, a prolonged circulation, and tumor targeting. Therefore, they are applied to precisely deliver drugs and promote the effect of cancer immunotherapy. In the review, we summarize the latest researches of biomimetic CMCNs for cancer immunotherapy, outline the existing specific cancer immune therapies, explore the unique functions and molecular mechanisms of various cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, and analyze the challenges which CMCNs face in clinical translation.

The online version of the original article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1900468 The original version of this article (Liu et al., 2020) unfortunately contained some mistakes. 1. Figs. 7c and 7d in p.229 were incorrect. The upper left and bottom left pictures in Fig. 7c were accidentally duplicated with the pictures at the same position of Fig. 1a. The upper right and bottom right pictures were mistakenly placed in Fig. 7c. Therefore, the calculation results in Fig. 7d were also mistaken. The correct versions should be as follows: 2. Because of the wrong pictures of Fig. 7c, the calculated results of "42.5%" in Abstract, Sections 3.9 and 5 are also mistaken. The correct result should be "45.2%." (1) Lines 10-12 of Abstract in p.218: "CSO-ss-SA/siRNA could effectively transmit siRNA into tumor cells, reducing the expression of RAC1 protein by 38.2% and decreasing the number of tumor-induced invasion cells by 42.5%." was incorrect. The correct version should be "CSO-ss-SA/siRNA could effectively transmit siRNA into tumor cells, reducing the expression of RAC1 protein by 38.2% and decreasing the number of tumor-induced invasion cells by 45.2%." (2) Lines 23-26 of Section 3.9 in p.227: "It was shown that the number of invasive tumor cells induced by DOX was reduced by 42.5% since CSO-ss-SA/siRNA downregulated the expression of RAC1 protein." was incorrect. The correct version should be "It was shown that the number of invasive tumor cells induced by DOX was reduced by 45.2% since CSO-ss-SA/siRNA downregulated the expression of RAC1 protein." (3) Lines 4-8 of Section 5 in p.231: "CSO-ss-SA, as an efficient redox-sensitive carrier for delivering siRNA silencing RAC1 into tumor cells, reduced the expression of RAC1 by 38.2% and decreased DOX-induced tumor invasion cells by 42.5% in vitro." was incorrect. The correct version should be "CSO-ss-SA, as an efficient redox-sensitive carrier for delivering siRNA silencing RAC1 into tumor cells, reduced the expression of RAC1 by 38.2% and decreased DOX-induced tumor invasion cells by 45.2% in vitro."

Many people affected by fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders have sensory processing deficits, such as hypersensitivity to auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli. Like FXS in humans, loss of Fmr1 in rodents also cause sensory, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sensory impairment, especially vision impairment, remain unclear. It remains elusive whether the visual processing deficits originate from corrupted inputs, impaired perception in the primary sensory cortex, or altered integration in the higher cortex, and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we used a genetic knockout mouse model (Fmr1^KO), in vivo imaging, and behavioral measurements to show that the loss of Fmr1 impaired signal processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). Specifically, Fmr1^KO mice showed enhanced responses to low-intensity stimuli but normal responses to high-intensity stimuli. This abnormality was accompanied by enhancements in local network connectivity in V1 microcircuits and increased dendritic complexity of V1 neurons. These effects were ameliorated by the acute application of GABA_A receptor activators, which enhanced the activity of inhibitory neurons, or by reintroducing Fmr1 gene expression in knockout V1 neurons in both juvenile and young-adult mice. Overall, V1 plays an important role in the visual abnormalities of Fmr1^KO mice and it could be possible to rescue the sensory disturbances in developed FXS and autism patients.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism* ; Fragile X Syndrome/metabolism* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the application value of transversus abdominis muscle release technique in giant ventral hernia repair.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 72 patients with giant ventral hernia who were admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2017 to January 2020 were collected. There were 47 males and 25 females, aged from 29 to 79 years, with a median age of 56 years. All patients underwent ventral hernia repair with transversus abdominis muscle release technique and preperitoneal/retro-muscular polypropylene mesh reinforcement. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative complications; (3) hernia-related quality of life. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postoperative complications at postoperative 1, 6 and 12 months. Follow-up was up to January 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison within groups was analyzed using the paired t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical situations: all 72 patients underwent ventral hernia repair with transversus abdominis muscle release technique and preperitoneal/retro-muscular polypropylene mesh reinforcement successfully. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss and mesh size of the 72 patients were (105±46)minutes, (55±15)mL and (680±225)cm 2, respectively. (2) Postoperative complications: 72 patients were followed up for 12 to 48 months, with a median follow-up time of 16 months. During the follow-up, 7 of the 72 patients were diagnosed with seroma by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan at postoperative 1 week, the size of which was (460±130)mm 2. The 7 patients with seroma were followed up and results of abdominal CT scan at postoperative 6 months showed that the seroma was completely absorbed. Two of the 72 patients had postoperative intestinal obstruction, which was considered as postoperative paralytic ileus. After conservative treatment, the 2 patients were improved 2 weeks after operation. None of the 72 patients had surgical site infection, intestinal fistula or hernia recurrence. (3) Hernia-related quality of life: the score of hernia-related quality of life of 72 patients before operation and at postoperative 12 months were 40±12 and 73±17, respectively, showing a significant difference ( t=12.527, P<0.05). Conclusion:Transversus abdominis muscle release technique in the giant ventral hernia repair is safe and effective, which can improve hernia-related quality of life of patients.

Objective:This study intended to explore the current sexual and childbearing stigma, experienced by chronic hepatitis B patients in China, and to develop related preventive strategies.Methods:We used a self-made questionnaire to investigate the sexual and childbearing stigma suffered by chronic hepatitis B patients in four provinces of China. Analysis of variance and chi-square test were used to compare the differences on sexual and childbearing stigma indexes between different demographic variables.Results:We surveyed 797 chronic hepatitis B patients in four provinces. Among them, 4.15 % (28/675) of the patients were persuaded not to give birth to children, and 4.67 % (10/210) of patients were told to stop pregnancy, by their medical care takers or by members from the family planning institutions. 3.62 % (25/690) and 3.48 % (24/690) of the patients were not able to enjoy the family planning or reproductive health services as they were stigmatized,suffered, as having HBV infection. Among the male chronic hepatitis B patients, the under 30 years group suffered less sexual and childbearing stigma than those who were aged 31- ( P=0.011) or 51 and above year-olds ( P=0.009). Among female chronic hepatitis B patients, the 31- year-olds group suffered less sexual and childbearing stigma than those under 30 years group but higher than those aged 41- ( P=0.001) or 51 and above ones ( P<0.001). Patients with knowledge on route of sexual transmission for HBV, were more likely to practice less related sexual behaviors than those without such knowledge ( P=0.022). Patients who were aware or not that condoms could reduce the risk of HBV infection did not show statistically significant difference on sex behaviors ( P=0.612). Conclusions:Chronic hepatitis B patients did suffer from sexual and childbearing related stigma, with women aged 31-40 years old the most. It is necessary to advocate on the advantage of condom use for prevention of HBV transmission among pregnant women, both horizontally and vertically. Strategies on protection the rights of patients with hepatitis B should be developed and strengthened.

Objective To present the initial clinical experience of robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer and to analyze the short-term outcomes of these patients. Methods Between February 2016 and December 2017, 148 patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent robotic esophagectomy and two-fields lymph node dissection. There were 126 males and 22 females at average age of 62.0±8.0 years. Demographic data, intraoperative characteristics and short-term surgical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results 106 patients underwent McKeown esophagectomy and 42 patients underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. The mean operation time was 336.0±76.0 min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 130.0±89.0 ml, the mean number of lymph nodes removed was 21.0±8.0 and the mean length of postoperative hospital-stay was 12.0±7.2 days. Postoperative complications included anastomotic fistula (n=8, 5.4%), pulmonary infection (n=13, 8.7%), hoarseness (n=23, 15.5%), tracheoesophageal fistula (n=1, 0.7%), chylothorax (n=4, 2.7%) and incision infection (n=2, 1.4%). There was no intra-operational massive hemorrhage or in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Both robot-assisted McKeown and Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy are safe and feasible with good early outcomes.