ObjectiveTo identify the pathogen species responsible for the wilt disease of Tetradium ruticarpum in Chongqing， investigate there biological characteristics， and screen effective fungicides， so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease control in production. MethodsThe pathogen was isolated via the tissue culture method. Pathogenicity was verified according to Koch's postulates. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The mycelial growth rate method was used for biological characterization of the pathogen and fungicide screening. ResultsThe pathogen colonies were nearly circular with irregular edges， white， short， velvety aerial hyphae， and pale purple undersides. Macroconidia were colorless， sickle-shaped， with 3-5 septa， while microconidia were transparent， elliptical， aseptate or with 1-2 septa. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that the pathogen clustered in the same clade as Fusarium fujikuroi with 100% support， which， combined with morphological characteristics， identified the pathogen causing wilt of T. ruticarpum in Chongqing as F. fujikuroi. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of F. fujikuroi were mung bean agar （MBA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract and yeast powder as nitrogen sources， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and alternating light/dark conditions. The optimal conditions for sporulation were potato dextrose agar （PDA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract as the nitrogen source， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and complete darkness. Among chemical fungicides， phenazine-1-carboxylic acid exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on F. fujikuroi. Shenqinmycin and tetramycin were the most effective bio-fungicides. ConclusionThis study is the first to report F. fujikuroi as the causal agent of wilt disease in T. rutaecarpa. The chemical fungicide phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and the bio-fungicides shenqinmycin and tetramycin showed strong inhibitory effects against F. fujikuroi.

Objective: To understand the impact of left behind experience on the mental health of secondary vocational school students, so as to provide theoretical basis for the psychological health education of secondary vocational school students. Methods: From September to December in 2019, a total of 3 401 students from Duyun, Guiding and Pingtang County were selected by multi stage cluster random sampling method. Self designed questionnaire and Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90) were used to investigate mental health status. A total of 1 415 left behind students and 1 415 non left behind students were matched by using propensity score matching (PSM). Wilcoxon test and Logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: Before the matching of propensity score, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of family structure, mother s educational level, family residence,family harmony and children s past health among the students with or without left behind experience ( χ 2=28.17, 52.40, 96.31, 29.75 , 19.10, P <0.05). After the matching, there were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the above variables among the students with or without left behind experience ( χ 2=0.02-4.32, P >0.05). Before the matching of propensity scores, there were significant differences in the scores of 10 dimensions of SCL-90, including somatization (1.67,1.58), interpersonal sensitivity (2.00,1.89), anxiety (1.90,1.70), obsessive compulsive symptoms (2.20, 2.10), depression (2.00, 1.85), hostility (1.83, 1.67), terror (1.85, 1.71), paranoia (1.83, 1.67), psychotic (1.70, 1.60) and other (1.85, 1.71) dimensions among secondary vocational school students with or without left behind experience ( Z=-5.15 to -2.84, P <0.05). After propensity score matching, there were significant differences in scores remained only in three factors for interpersonal sensitivity [(2.00(1.56,2.67)，2.00(1.44,2.56)], paranoia [1.83(1.33,2.50)，1.83(1.33,2.33)] and psychoticism [1.70(1.30,2.30)，1.70(1.20,2.20)] in SCL- 90 among secondary vocational students with or without left behind experience ( Z=-2.45, -2.12, -2.23, P <0.05). Conclusion The impact of left behind experience on the mental health of vocational school students is mainly reflected in interpersonal sensitivity, paranoia, and psychoticism, which should be identified as key areas of psychological education for secondary vocational school students.

Objective To investigatethe relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and clinicopathological characteristics, p53 expression, and survival of Chinese patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods A total of 3882 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 970 matched patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and 970 matched patients with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma were included to compare the incidence of GERD symptoms. Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were divided into two groups according to the presence and absence of GERD symptoms. The differences in clinicopathological characteristics and p53 expression between the two groups were compared by chi-square test, and the differences in survival between the two groups were compared by landmark analysis. Results The incidence of GERD symptoms increased successively in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. In patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, the proportions of male, less than 65 years old, lower thoracic tumors, tumors without squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiation, early tumors (stage 0-I), and p53-positive tumors in the group with GERD symptoms were higher than those in the group without GERD symptoms; moreover, the long-term survival (≥15 years) was better. Conclusion GERD symptom is an important clinical sign of esophageal adenocarcinoma. It is closely related to specific clinicopathological characteristics, p53 overexpression, and good long-term prognosis.

Objective Optimizing the preparation method to improve the quality of mouse lung cryosections to help enhance the specificity of immunofluorescence staining and obtain more accurate and reliable experimental result.Methods C57BL/6 mouse lung tissue was used to make cryosections via the traditional post-freezing fixation method,pre-freezing fixation method,and a modified perfusion pre-freezing fixation method.A laser-scanning confocal microscope was used to observe lung tissue immunofluorescence staining.Whole areas of mouse lung slices were scanned by fluorescence microscope,and the numbers of intact airways per unit area of lung tissue were calculated.Results In the lung cryosections made via the traditional post-freezing fixation method,the alveoli structure was damaged,the airway wall was seriously disrupted,and there was non-specific staining.Lung cryosections made via the pre-freezing fixation method showed relatively intact alveolar and airway structures but collapsed alveoli and several destroyed airways.In the lung cryosections obtained via the modified perfusion pre-freezing fixation method,the structure and morphology of the alveoli and airways were intact and clear.Additionally,the locations of multiple proteins targeted with immunofluorescence staining were accurate.The number of intact airways(diameter ≥100 μm)per unit area in the lung cryosections obtained via the modified perfusion pre-freezing fixation method was higher than that from cryosections made using the pre-freezing fixation method((0.66±0.15)/mm2 vs(0.33±0.14)/mm2,P＜0.05)and was also significantly higher than that from sections made using the traditional post-freezing fixation method((0.66±0.15)/mm2 vs(0.02±0.04)/mm2,P＜0.01).Conclusions The modified perfusion pre-freezing fixation method for cryosections is conducive to maintaining the integrity of mouse lung tissue morphology and obtaining high-quality multiplex immunofluorescence staining result.

Objective:To investigate the interactive effect of mismatch repair (MMR) protein status and adverse clinicopathological features on prognosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ colon cancer.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 650 patients with colon cancer of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ who were admitted to 7 hospitals in China from January 2016 to December 2017 were collected. There were 963 males and 687 females, aged 62(53,71)years. Patients were classified as 230 cases of MMR deficiency (dMMR) and 1 420 cases of MMR proficiency (pMMR) based on their MMR protein status. Observation indicators: (1) comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between patients of different MMR protein status; (2) analysis of factors affecting the survival outcomes of patients of dMMR; (3) analysis of factors affecting the survival outcomes of patients of pMMR; (4) interaction analysis of MMR and adverse clinicopathological features on survival outcomes. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The random forest interpolation method was used for missing values in data interpolation. Univariate analysis was conducted using the COX proportional risk regression model, and multivariate analysis was conducted using the COX stepwise regression with forward method. The coefficient of multiplication interaction effect was obtained using the interaction term coefficient of COX proportional risk regression model. Evaluation of additive interaction effects was conducted using the relative excess risk due to interaction ( RERI). Results:(1) Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between patients of different MMR protein status. There were significant differences in age, T staging, the number of lymph node harvest, the number of lymph node harvest <12, high grade tumor between patients of dMMR and pMMR ( P<0.05). (2) Analysis of factors affecting the survival outcomes of patients of dMMR. Results of multivariate analysis showed that T staging, N staging, the number of lymph node harvest <12 were independent factors affecting the disease-free survival (DFS) of colon cancer patients of dMMR ( hazard ratio=3.548, 2.589, 6.702, 95% confidence interval as 1.460-8.620, 1.064-6.301, 1.886-23.813, P<0.05). Age and N staging were independent factors affecting the overall survival (OS) of colon cancer patients of dMMR ( hazard ratio=1.073, 10.684, 95% confidence interval as 1.021-1.126, 2.311-49.404, P<0.05). (3) Analysis of factors affecting the survival outcomes of patients of pMMR. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age, T staging, N staging, vascular tumor thrombus were independent factors affecting the DFS of colon cancer patients of pMMR ( hazard ratio=1.018, 2.214, 2.598, 1.549, 95% confidence interval as 1.006-1.030, 1.618-3.030, 1.921-3.513, 1.118-2.147, P<0.05). Age, T staging, N staging, high grade tumor were independent factors affecting the OS of colon cancer patients of pMMR ( hazard ratio=1.036, 2.080, 2.591, 1.615, 95% confidence interval as 1.020-1.052, 1.407-3.075, 1.791-3.748, 1.114-2.341, P<0.05). (4) Interaction analysis of MMR and adverse clinicopathological features on survival outcomes. Results of interaction analysis showed that the multiplication interaction effect between the number of lymph node harvest <12 and MMR protein status was significant on DFS of colon cancer patients ( hazard ratio=3.923, 95% confidence interval as 1.057-14.555, P<0.05). The additive interaction effects between age and MMR protein status, between high grade tumor and MMR protein status were significant on OS of colon cancer patients ( RERI=-0.033, -1.304, 95% confidence interval as -0.049 to -0.018, -2.462 to -0.146). Conclusions:There is an interaction between the MMR protein status and the adverse clinicopathological features (the number of lymph node harvest <12, high grade tumor) on prognosis of colon cancer patients of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ. In patients of dMMR, the number of lymph node harvest <12 has a stronger predictive effect on poor prognosis. In patients of pMMR, the high grade tumor has a stronger predictive effect on poor prognosis.

ABSTRACT Currently, there is a limited range of specialized oral preparations available for children, and it is common to find adult medications being used for pediatric purposes. This indicates a need for the development of new formulations specifically designed for children. Microparticle coating technology shows promise in masking the unpleasant taste of drugs, improving compliance and convenience in administration. Therefore, it can be considered an ideal approach for developing pediatric preparations. This article summarizes the current research and application status and development prospects of children's micro powder coating technology, providing reference for the application of micro powder coating technology in the field of children's oral preparations.

Neural circuits provide an anatomical basis for functional networks. Therefore, dissecting the structure of neural circuits is essential to understanding how the brain works. Recombinant neurotropic viruses are important tools for neural circuit tracing with many advantages over non-viral tracers: they allow for anterograde, retrograde, and trans-synaptic delivery of tracers in a cell type-specific, circuit-selective manner. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the viral tools for neural circuit tracing, discuss the key principles of using viral tools in neuroscience research, and highlight innovations for developing and optimizing viral tools for neural circuit tracing across diverse animal species, including nonhuman primates.
Animals ; Brain

Preoperative sleep loss can amplify post-operative mechanical hyperalgesia. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the current study, rats were randomly allocated to a control group and an acute sleep deprivation (ASD) group which experienced 6 h ASD before surgery. Then the variations in cerebral function and activity were investigated with multi-modal techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, functional magnetic resonance imaging, c-Fos immunofluorescence, and electrophysiology. The results indicated that ASD induced hyperalgesia, and the metabolic kinetics were remarkably decreased in the striatum and midbrain. The functional connectivity (FC) between the nucleus accumbens (NAc, a subregion of the ventral striatum) and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vLPAG) was significantly reduced, and the c-Fos expression in the NAc and the vLPAG was suppressed. Furthermore, the electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that both the neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG, and the coherence of the NAc-vLPAG were suppressed in both resting and task states. This study showed that neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG were weakened and the FC between the NAc and the vLPAG was also suppressed in rats with ASD-induced hyperalgesia. This study highlights the importance of preoperative sleep management for surgical patients.
Rats ; Animals ; Hyperalgesia/metabolism* ; Sleep Deprivation/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Periaqueductal Gray/pathology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism* ; Pain, Postoperative/pathology*

Objective:To explore the effect of moderate intensity physical exercise on depression, anxiety and cognitive function of schizophrenic patients and its possible biochemical mechanism.Methods:Totally 148 patients with schizophrenia who were hospitalized in hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were randomly divided into control group ( n=75) and exercise group ( n=73). The patients of the two groups were given drug treatment and routine exercise according to clinical practice, and the patients in exercise group were given additional medium-intensity physical exercise.Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the poor mental state of the subjects.The verbal fluency task(VFT), digital span test(DST), trail making test-A(TMT-A) and the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) were used to evaluate cognitive function.The levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) receptors were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and eCBs in the patients' serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The measurement data between the two groups were compared by t-test and the counting data between the two groups were compared by χ2 test. Results:(1) After effective intervention, the scores of SAS, SDS, TMT-A and PANSS of the two groups were significantly lower than those before intervention, and the difference before and after intervention between the two groups was statistically significant( t=6.00, 6.52, 25.79, 17.03, all P<0.01). The scores of SAS, SDS, TMT-A and PANSS after intervention in the exercise group were significantly lower than those in the control group( t=4.66, 20.88, 6.61, 8.95; all P<0.01). The number of VFT and DST in the two groups after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention, and the differences before and after intervention between the two groups were statistically significant( t=13.78, 22.76, both P<0.01). After effective intervention, the number of VFT and DST in exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group( t=5.02, 5.15, both P<0.01). (2) After effective intervention, the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters and eCBs in serum of the two groups were significantly higher than those before intervention, and HVA level ((63.68±6.99) pg/mL), MHPG level ((175.90±16.22) pg/mL), 5-HIAA level ((29.94±4.19) pg/mL) and CBR1 level ((6.70±1.40)μg/L), 2-AG level ((61.90±5.73)pmol/g) and AEA level ((76.48±6.59) pmol/g) in exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((52.97±5.37)pg/mL, (138.50±11.52)pg/mL, (23.87±3.15)pg/mL, (5.71±1.29)μg/L, (52.13±5.14)pmol/g, (67.66±5.88)pmol/g)( t=10.43, 16.21, 10.91, 8.65, all P<0.01). Conclusion:Moderate intensity physical exercise can significantly improve their depression, anxiety and cognitive function, which may be related to regulating the levels of ECBS and their receptors in patients with chronic schizophrenia to increase monoamine neurotransmitters.