Microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), raising significant concerns about their impact on human health. Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems, influencing germ cells, embryo development, and progeny. Additionally, studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo, inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Considering these adverse effects, identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important. Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects. Among these, anthocyanins, natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers, exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties. Moreover, anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins, shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity, particularly in females, and in protecting male reproductive organs, including the testis and epididymis. This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors, specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors (ERs). These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs. This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health, especially concerning reproductive health.

Morita therapy has been bom for more than 100 years.Inpatient Morita therapy is highly oper-able and easy to master.It can improve many refractory neuroses through four-stage treatment.But more neuroses are treated in outpatient clinics,and Morita therapy cannot be used in hospitalized patients.Therefore,the formula-tion of expert opinions on outpatient operations is particularly important.This paper is based on domestic and for-eign references,and after many discussions by domestic Morita therapy experts,and then drew up the first version of the expert opinions on operation of outpatient Morita therapy.Meanwhile the operation rule of Morita therapy in three stages of outpatient treatment was formulated:in the etiological analysis stage,under the theoretical guidance of Morita therapy,analyze the pathogenic factors,to improve treatment compliance and reduce resistance;during the operating stage,guide patients to engage in constructive and meaningful actions,realizing the achievement of letting nature take its course principle;in the cultivating character and enriching life stage,pay attention to positive infor-mation,expanding the scope and content of actions,improving the ability to adapt to complex life,and preventing recurrence caused by insufficient abilities.It will lay a foundation for the promotion of Morita therapy in domestic outpatient clinics,so that more patients with neurosis and other psychological diseases could receive characteristic Morita therapy treatment in outpatient clinics.

The World Health Organization (WHO) released the Global Health Sector Strategy 2016, which explicitly proposes a 90% reduction in the new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate and a 65% reduction in HBV-related mortality by 2030. However, at present, there are still 296 million chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients worldwide, and nearly 900,000 patients die every year from cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by HBV infection. Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection can effectively inhibit HBV replication, reduce liver inflammation and necrosis, effectively block and reverse liver fibrosis, and even early cirrhosis, thereby lowering cirrhosis-related complications, liver cancer, and liver disease-related mortality. Although the domestic and foreign guidelines have gradually eased antiviral treatment indications for chronic hepatitis B, there are still a considerable number of chronic hepatitis B patients with nonconformity who cannot receive antiviral treatment because they do not meet the existing standards, resulting in the progression of more severe diseases. This study analyzed the prevalence of hepatitis B, the therapeutic effect of antiviral drugs, domestic and international guideline treatment standards, the assessment of key indicators changes in the guidelines, comprehensively considered the coverage rate and treatment standards for antiviral treatment, and explored the changes in disease burden and cost-effectiveness following increasing the coverage rate and reducing treatment thresholds in order to achieve the global strategic goal of eliminating hepatitis B as soon as possible as a public health threat.

The prevalence of hepatitis B represents a significant public health concern with a heavy disease burden.In China,there is still a big gap between the current diagnosis and treatment rates of hepatitis B and the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030 set by the World Health Organization(WHO).In order to achieve the WHO goal and the goal of 2030 Healthy China Outline,the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association organized domestic experts in the fields of clinical medicine,public health and clinical laboratory medicine to develop the Expert Recommendations on Screening,Testing and Management for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adults after several rounds of discussion based on comprehensive review of relevant domestic and international guidelines and literatures,the purpose is to facilitate universal screening of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in adults and provide practical guidance on disease assessment,treatment and long-term follow-up management of people infected with HBV and vaccination for people susceptible to HBV infection,thus promoting the elimination of the threat of hepatitis B.

In order to achieve the target of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030 and to prioritize the role of hepatitis B vaccination in reducing new hepatitis B virus infections,the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association commissioned experts to develop the Expert Recommendations on Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults to scientifically guide adult hepatitis B vaccination,build the herd immunity in population,and reduce the hepatitis B virus infection rate and incidence of hepatitis B.

Objective:To explore the coverage of influenza and pneumonia vaccination and factors influencing the vaccination in children.Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in children's parents in Beijing and Gansu by using two-stage cluster-sampling to investigate the influenza and pneumonia vaccination rates and influencing factors in children.Results:A total of 2 377 parents were included in the study, and the results indicated that the influenza vaccination coverage was 35.93% and the pneumonia vaccination coverage was 16.58% in children in survey areas, the vaccination rate of both vaccines was 11.65%. The top three reasons for vaccination for both vaccines were being aware of severity of the diseases (influenza vaccine: 36.02%; pneumonia vaccine: 49.61%), being required by school or organization (influenza vaccine: 28.76%; pneumonia vaccine: 25.45%) and being aware of the susceptibility of the diseases (influenza vaccine: 26.41%; pneumonia vaccine: 13.88%). The top three reasons for having no vaccinations were personal unwillingness, concern about vaccine and vaccine accessibility. Families with multi children, living in rural areas and lower family income were the negative factors for both types of vaccinations.Conclusions:The influenza and pneumonia vaccination coverage in children need further improvement, and rural families and families with multi children are the key concern groups for expanding vaccination coverage. Health education about influenza and pneumonia vaccinations, coordinating vaccine supply and decreasing vaccine prices play an important role in improving influenza and pneumonia vaccination coverage.

Many people affected by fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders have sensory processing deficits, such as hypersensitivity to auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli. Like FXS in humans, loss of Fmr1 in rodents also cause sensory, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sensory impairment, especially vision impairment, remain unclear. It remains elusive whether the visual processing deficits originate from corrupted inputs, impaired perception in the primary sensory cortex, or altered integration in the higher cortex, and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we used a genetic knockout mouse model (Fmr1^KO), in vivo imaging, and behavioral measurements to show that the loss of Fmr1 impaired signal processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). Specifically, Fmr1^KO mice showed enhanced responses to low-intensity stimuli but normal responses to high-intensity stimuli. This abnormality was accompanied by enhancements in local network connectivity in V1 microcircuits and increased dendritic complexity of V1 neurons. These effects were ameliorated by the acute application of GABA_A receptor activators, which enhanced the activity of inhibitory neurons, or by reintroducing Fmr1 gene expression in knockout V1 neurons in both juvenile and young-adult mice. Overall, V1 plays an important role in the visual abnormalities of Fmr1^KO mice and it could be possible to rescue the sensory disturbances in developed FXS and autism patients.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism* ; Fragile X Syndrome/metabolism* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism*

With characteristics of high infectivity, diverse transmission routes and high variation, norovirus is the main pathogen of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, resulting in a serious disease burden. This paper summarizes the latest progress in epidemiological research of norovirus infection from aspects of disease burden caused by acute gastroenteritis, virus variation and predominant strains, prevention and control measures, and immunization and vaccine development

According to Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021 - Accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016–2021: Actions for impact, released by WHO on May 20, 2021, there is still an estimated number of 296 million people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 58 million people with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 2019. Among the individuals with chronic infections, only 30.4 million (10%) of those with chronic HBV infection were diagnosed, among whom 6.6 million (22%) received antiviral therapy. Globally, 15.2 million (21%) of those with HCV infection have been diagnosed, among whom 9.4 million (62%) received antiviral therapy. Although significant progress has been made in eliminating viral hepatitis globally by 2020, there is still a large gap from the 2030 goal, and global attention should be paid to eliminating viral hepatitis and promoting the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis. WHO and all regions should continue to support the elimination of viral hepatitis, and meanwhile each member state should also actively implement the elimination of viral hepatitis, promote national strategies for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible, and improve the coverage of diagnosis and treatment.

China has the highest disease burden of viral hepatitis. After understanding the epidemic characteristics of viral hepatitis in China and putting forward scientific prevention and control strategies, the Chinese government has been effectively practicing the policy of "prevention first with combination of prevention and control". Over the past 40 years, China has taken effective measures to promote vaccination, strengthen blood screening, standardize diagnosis and treatment services and strengthen supervision, and achieved remarkable success. The incidence of hepatitis A decreased from 52.6 per 100,000 in 1990 to 1.38 per 100,000 in 2019, the HBsAg prevalence among children under 5 years of age decreased from 9.67% in 1992 to 0.32% in 2014, and the cure rate of chronic hepatitis C patients has reached more than 95%. The incidence of hepatitis E is also on the decline. However, in 2019, the estimated diagnosis rate for hepatitis B patients is 25% and treatment rate is 17%; hepatitis C diagnosed rate is 30% and only 9% of the diagnosed were treated. This still falls far from the target of 90% diagnosis rate and 80% treatment rate by 2030. Relevant policies should be implemented as soon as possible, health promotion should be carried out, and screening and diagnosis and treatment services should be strengthened to promote timely treatment for more chronically infected people.