Da Qinjiaotang is the 54^th formula of the 100 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （the first batch） ，and it originated from the Collection of Writings on the Mechanism of Disease， Suitability of Qi， and Safeguarding of Life Discussed in Plain Questions. Da Qinjiaotang is composed of Gentiana macrophylla， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Ligusticum chuanxiong， Angelica sinensis， Paeonia lactiflora， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Notopterygium incisum， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Gypsum， Angelica dahurica， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Poria， and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. It is a classical formula for treating strokes. Da Qinjiaotang is widely used in modern clinical practices for treating ischemic stroke， peripheral facial paralysis， cervical spondylosis， rheumatic arthritis， neurodermatitis， and other multisystem diseases. Therefore， following the Principles of Textual Research on the Key Information of Ancient Classical Famous Formulas， the authors collected the ancient Chinese medical literature of Da Qinjiaotang by the method of bibliometrics and screened out 177 valid data， involving 100 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the historical evolution， composition， dosage， method of preparation， and preparation of the original medicinal materials of Da Qinjiaotang， a systematic study was carried out. It was found that among the 175 records of the main diseases and syndromes， stroke （144） was the most， accounting for 82.29% of the total diseases and syndromes. Later generations mostly followed the practice of LIU Wansu in using Da Qinjiaotang to treat stroke caused by "weak blood and inability to nourish tendon"， featuring "hands and feet cannot move， stiff tongue hinders speaking"， as well as other symptoms， such as slant of the mouth， hemiplegia， numbness of the limbs， paroxysmal pain， and acerbic syncope. The treatment scope was expanded， covering tendon dryness， clonic convulsion， spasm syndrome， and arthralgia syndrome. At the same time， it was found that there was a controversy between "internal wind" and "external wind" in the treatment of stroke by Da Qinjiaotang. LIU Wansu thought that stroke was caused by internal factors， created the theory of "hot stroke"， and used Da Qinjiaotang to treat "internal wind". Many doctors in later generations focused on treating the "external wind" of "internal deficiency and evil". There were 76 valid data on the composition of drugs， 59 of which had doses for each drug. It was suggested to use the modern conversion dosage of the original formula， with 41.30 g per dose. The drug should be boiled in 600 mL water until 300 mL， decocted once， and taken in a warm state after removing the dregs anytime. Through the analysis and study of the ancient books about Da Qinjiaotang， the paper clarified its historical evolution and confirmed its key information， so as to provide the ancient literature evidence for the research and development of the classical famous formula Daqinjiaotan and its better clinical application.

Da Qinjiaotang is the 54^th formula of the 100 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas （the first batch） ，and it originated from the Collection of Writings on the Mechanism of Disease， Suitability of Qi， and Safeguarding of Life Discussed in Plain Questions. Da Qinjiaotang is composed of Gentiana macrophylla， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Ligusticum chuanxiong， Angelica sinensis， Paeonia lactiflora， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Notopterygium incisum， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Gypsum， Angelica dahurica， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Poria， and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. It is a classical formula for treating strokes. Da Qinjiaotang is widely used in modern clinical practices for treating ischemic stroke， peripheral facial paralysis， cervical spondylosis， rheumatic arthritis， neurodermatitis， and other multisystem diseases. Therefore， following the Principles of Textual Research on the Key Information of Ancient Classical Famous Formulas， the authors collected the ancient Chinese medical literature of Da Qinjiaotang by the method of bibliometrics and screened out 177 valid data， involving 100 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the historical evolution， composition， dosage， method of preparation， and preparation of the original medicinal materials of Da Qinjiaotang， a systematic study was carried out. It was found that among the 175 records of the main diseases and syndromes， stroke （144） was the most， accounting for 82.29% of the total diseases and syndromes. Later generations mostly followed the practice of LIU Wansu in using Da Qinjiaotang to treat stroke caused by "weak blood and inability to nourish tendon"， featuring "hands and feet cannot move， stiff tongue hinders speaking"， as well as other symptoms， such as slant of the mouth， hemiplegia， numbness of the limbs， paroxysmal pain， and acerbic syncope. The treatment scope was expanded， covering tendon dryness， clonic convulsion， spasm syndrome， and arthralgia syndrome. At the same time， it was found that there was a controversy between "internal wind" and "external wind" in the treatment of stroke by Da Qinjiaotang. LIU Wansu thought that stroke was caused by internal factors， created the theory of "hot stroke"， and used Da Qinjiaotang to treat "internal wind". Many doctors in later generations focused on treating the "external wind" of "internal deficiency and evil". There were 76 valid data on the composition of drugs， 59 of which had doses for each drug. It was suggested to use the modern conversion dosage of the original formula， with 41.30 g per dose. The drug should be boiled in 600 mL water until 300 mL， decocted once， and taken in a warm state after removing the dregs anytime. Through the analysis and study of the ancient books about Da Qinjiaotang， the paper clarified its historical evolution and confirmed its key information， so as to provide the ancient literature evidence for the research and development of the classical famous formula Daqinjiaotan and its better clinical application.

Huopo Xialingtang is a famous classical formula for treating dampness and warmth， which is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（The First Batch）. In this paper， bibliometric methods was used to collect the literature related to Huopo Xialingtang， and 16 items of related literature were retrieved， involving five medical books， which were used to textual research on the origin， name， composition， drug dosage， preparation method， processing and main treatment symptoms of this formula. The results indicated that Huopo Xialingtang was originated from Yiyuan written by Shi Funan in the Qing dynasty， and and was later named and extended by He Lianchen. The composition of the proposed formula was consistent with the record of Yiyuan， and the origin of each Chinese materia medica was basically clear. Houpo was the dried bark and root bark of Magnolia officinalis， Zexie was the dried tubers of Alisma orientale， Kuxingren was the dried mature seeds of Prunus armeniaca， Doukou was the dried mature fruits of Amomum kravanh， the origin of Tuhuoxiang was consistent with the 2018 edition of Shanghai Standards of Processing Chinese Crud Drugs， and the origins of the remaining Chinese medicines were consistent with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The converted dose of each Chinese medicine was 7.46 g for Agastache rugosa， 3.73 g for Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， 8.39 g for Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine， 11.19 g for Poria， 11.19 g for Armeniacae Semen Amarum， 14.92 g for Coicis Semen， 2.61 g for Amomi Fructus Rotundus， 5.60 g for Polyporus， 5.60 g for Alismatis Rhizoma， 14.92 g for Tetrapanacis Medulla. Huopo Xialingtang was initially used for the treatment of dampness and warmth at the beginning of the disease， and was later expanded to treat dampness obstruction， dampness-warming dysentery and so on， but always with the dampness-heat in the lungs and spleen as the pathogenesis. In modern times， the clinical application is more extensive， used in digestive， respiratory， endocrine， nervous system and other types of diseases， especially for chronic gastritis， stomach pain and fever. By combing the ancient literature of Huopo Xialingtang， we verified the origin of the formula and determined the key information of the prescription， which can provide literature reference for the clinical application and drug development of this formula.

This paper primarily investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in alleviating isoprenaline(ISO)-induced hypertrophy and damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Initially, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used as the research subject to analyze the effects of ISO at different concentrations on cell hypertrophy and damage. On this basis, the H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into blank, model, and high-dose(200 μg·mL~(-1)), medium-dose(100 μg·mL~(-1)), and low-dose(50 μg·mL~(-1)) groups of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Cell hypertrophy and damage models were induced by treating cells with 400 μmol·L~(-1) ISO for 24 hours. The Incucyte live-cell analysis system was utilized to observe the status, size changes, and confluence of the cells in each group. Cell viability was detected by using the CCK-8 assay. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of Ras-associated protein 7A(RAB7A), sequestosome 1(SQSTM1/p62), autophagy-related protein Beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression level of the autophagy marker Beclin1 in H9c2 cells. The results demonstrated that compared with the blank group, the model group showed a significant reduction in cell viability(P<0.01) and a marked increase in cell hypertrophy, with an average cell length growth of 13.53%. Compared with the model group, the high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma exhibited reduced hypertrophy, with respective growths of 6.89%, 8.30%, and 8.49% and a significant decrease in growth rates(P<0.01). Cell viability in the high-dose of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was also significantly increased(P<0.01). Western blot and immunofluorescence results indicated that compared with the blank group, the model group showed changes in Beclin1, RAB7A, and p62 expression, as well as the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, although most changes were not statistically significant. In the groups treated with total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and RAB7A and the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05), while p62 expression significantly decreased(P<0.05). These findings collectively suggested that pretreatment of cells with total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma significantly enhanced autophagy activity in cells. In summary, total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma inhibit ISO-induced hypertrophy and damage in H9c2 cells by promoting autophagy, demonstrating potential cardioprotective effects and providing new insights and scientific evidence for their preventive and therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases.
Autophagy/drug effects* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Panax/chemistry* ; Animals ; Rats ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Isoproterenol/adverse effects* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology* ; Hypertrophy/drug therapy*

One of the technical bottlenecks limiting the high yield of 1,4-butanediamine is the insufficient tolerance of strains to 1,4-butanediamine. Enhancing the tolerance of strains to 1,4-butanediamine is therefore a primary challenge that needs to be addressed for the construction of strains with high yields of 1,4-butanediamine. Staphylococcus pasteuri 326180 exhibits exceptional tolerance to high-concentration 1,4-butanediamine, serving as both an ideal model for studying the mechanism underlying the 1,4-butanediamine tolerance and a novel host for constructing strains capable of efficiently producing 1,4-butanediamine. However, for both the research on the tolerance mechanism and the modification of chassis strains, gene editing of S. pasteuri needs to be carried out at the molecular level. The research objective of this paper is to establish a genetic manipulation system for S. pasteuri, laying foundation for subsequent studies on tolerance mechanism and the modification of chassis strains. This study systematically optimized the electroporation conditions, including key parameters such as the growth phase of cells, electric field strength, electroporation buffer, and recovery medium, successfully establishing an electroporation method for S. pasteuri. Additionally, we constructed the gene editing plasmid pCpfOA by replacing the resistance expression cassette, optimized the selection markers for gene editing, and finally established a CRISPR/Cpf1-based gene editing technology for S. pasteuri, achieving an editing efficiency of 90%. The genetic manipulation system of S. pasteuri established in this study provides technical support for research into the tolerance mechanism of this bacterium and the genetic modification of chassis strains.
Staphylococcus/drug effects* ; Gene Editing/methods* ; Electroporation/methods* ; Plasmids/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Genetic Engineering/methods*

Objective:To discuss the clinical curative effect and feasibility of the combination therapy of the minimally invasive percutaneous quantitative suture technique eight times and Kirschner wire elastic fixation in the treatment of mallet finger.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with tendon zone Ⅰ rupture of tendinous mallet fingers who underwent surgery in the Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery of Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital from July 2021 to June 2023. During the procedure, firstly, the extensor digitalis tendon in the zone Ⅰ was sutured percutaneous with 3-0 thread monofilament sutures in the "quantitative 8-stitch method " according to the pre-marked number sequence of 1 to 8, and fixed at the base of the distal phalanx via a constructed bone tunnel. Secondly, the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) was fixed elastically with Kirschner wire, without damage to the articular surface. Four to five weeks after the operation, the Kirschner wire was removed, and flexion and extension of the affected finger were gradually increased. At the last follow-up, the range of motion (ROM) and the total action motion (TAM) of the finger were recorded, and the healthy side of the ROM and TAM slightly differed. Finger function was evaluated following the American Association of Hand Surgeons TAM system. It was divided into four grades: excellent, good, fair and poor. SPSS 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD, and a paired sample t-test was used for comparison between the affected finger and the corresponding healthy finger. Results:A total of 30 patients (30 digits) were enrolled, including 19 males and 11 females with the age of (38.5±4.3) years (14 to 71 years). All were single closed injuries. Time from injury to operation was (1.1±0.4) d (3 h to 7 d). The distance of tendon break was (8.4±0.5) mm (4 to 12 mm). Mallet finger deformities were all corrected postoperatively. There were no complications such as scar, exposed suture, nail tract infection, or nail removal on the dorsal side of the affected finger. All patients were followed up for (7.5±1.3) months (6-13 months). At the last follow-up, the ROM of DIPJ of the affected finger and the corresponding healthy finger were 43.28°±2.03° and 44.15°±1.12°, respectively, with no statistical significance ( t=1.32, P=0.084). TAM of the affected finger and the corresponding healthy finger were 240.15°±5.13° and 242.13°±3.11°, respectively, with no significant difference ( t=2.12, P=0.135). According to TAM system evaluation criteria, excellent in 27 cases, good in 3 cases, excellent and good rate was 100% (30/30). Conclusion:The combination of the minimally invasive percutaneous quantitative suture technique eight times and Kirschner wire elastic fixation has a satisfactory treatment outcome in the mallet finger, and there is no damage to the DIPJ surface. It is a simple, safe, effective method with minimal invasion.

Objective:To discuss the clinical curative effect and feasibility of the combination therapy of the minimally invasive percutaneous quantitative suture technique eight times and Kirschner wire elastic fixation in the treatment of mallet finger.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with tendon zone Ⅰ rupture of tendinous mallet fingers who underwent surgery in the Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery of Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital from July 2021 to June 2023. During the procedure, firstly, the extensor digitalis tendon in the zone Ⅰ was sutured percutaneous with 3-0 thread monofilament sutures in the "quantitative 8-stitch method " according to the pre-marked number sequence of 1 to 8, and fixed at the base of the distal phalanx via a constructed bone tunnel. Secondly, the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) was fixed elastically with Kirschner wire, without damage to the articular surface. Four to five weeks after the operation, the Kirschner wire was removed, and flexion and extension of the affected finger were gradually increased. At the last follow-up, the range of motion (ROM) and the total action motion (TAM) of the finger were recorded, and the healthy side of the ROM and TAM slightly differed. Finger function was evaluated following the American Association of Hand Surgeons TAM system. It was divided into four grades: excellent, good, fair and poor. SPSS 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD, and a paired sample t-test was used for comparison between the affected finger and the corresponding healthy finger. Results:A total of 30 patients (30 digits) were enrolled, including 19 males and 11 females with the age of (38.5±4.3) years (14 to 71 years). All were single closed injuries. Time from injury to operation was (1.1±0.4) d (3 h to 7 d). The distance of tendon break was (8.4±0.5) mm (4 to 12 mm). Mallet finger deformities were all corrected postoperatively. There were no complications such as scar, exposed suture, nail tract infection, or nail removal on the dorsal side of the affected finger. All patients were followed up for (7.5±1.3) months (6-13 months). At the last follow-up, the ROM of DIPJ of the affected finger and the corresponding healthy finger were 43.28°±2.03° and 44.15°±1.12°, respectively, with no statistical significance ( t=1.32, P=0.084). TAM of the affected finger and the corresponding healthy finger were 240.15°±5.13° and 242.13°±3.11°, respectively, with no significant difference ( t=2.12, P=0.135). According to TAM system evaluation criteria, excellent in 27 cases, good in 3 cases, excellent and good rate was 100% (30/30). Conclusion:The combination of the minimally invasive percutaneous quantitative suture technique eight times and Kirschner wire elastic fixation has a satisfactory treatment outcome in the mallet finger, and there is no damage to the DIPJ surface. It is a simple, safe, effective method with minimal invasion.

Objective To perform genetic analysis in a family line of a pregnant couple with autosomal reces-sive non-syndromic deafness in order to identify its possible genetic etiology and provide prenatal diagnosis.Methods Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was used to analyze the genes of the proband,and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the suspected pathogenic loci.Prenatal genetic diagnosis was performed after amniotic fluid collection at 18 weeks of pregnancy.Results Autosomal recessive deafness type 3 related gene MYO15A c.10419_10423delCAGCT/c.10294_10308delCCTTGCATCCTTGCC compound heterozygous variant was found in the wife.A compound heterozygous variant of autosomal recessive deafness type 77-related gene LOXHD1:c.6388C＞T/ex-on 33-38 del.Maternal MYO15A c.10294_10308del CCTTGCATCCTTGCC heterozygous variant were detected in the husband and paternal LOXHD1 exon 33-38 del heterozygous variant were detected in the fetus.At the same time,the paternal CDH23 c.6693delT heterozygous mutation and the maternal PCDH15 c.5048_5051dupAGAA heterozygous mutation were detected in the fetus.These two heterozygous mutations lead to the possibility of the fe-tus suffering from ID/F Usher syndrome.Conclusion The deafness of the couple is caused by two different deaf gene mutations,and the probability of the fetus having the same deafness as the couple is very low.However,the fetus has a high possibility of having deafness caused by two gene mutations.Therefore,deafness caused by two gene mutations should be paid attention to in the prenatal diagnosis of families with both deaf parents.

Objective To compare the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with tenecteplase combined with endovascular treatment versus alteplase combined with endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods A total of 98 patients with AIS in the hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were randomly divided into alteplase group and tenecteplase group, with 49 cases in each group. The alteplase group received alteplase thrombolysis combined with endovascular treatment, while the tenecteplase group received tenecteplase combined with endovascular treatment. General clinical materials were compared between the two groups; the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at baseline (T₀), 1 hour after thrombolysis (T₁), 24 hours after endovascular treatment (T₂), 7 days after endovascular treatment (T₃), and at discharge (T₄) were compared between two groups; the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores and Barthel index (BI) scores at T₀, 30 days after endovascular treatment (T₅), and 90 days after endovascular treatment (T₆) were also compared between two groups; the length of hospital stay, occurrence of complications, and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender distribution, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, smoking, alcoholism, cerebral infarction volume, infarction location, and clinical classification between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the alteplase group, the NIHSS scores at T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ were significantly lower in the tenecteplase group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the mRS scores at T₅ and T₆ were significantly lower while the BI scores at T₅ and T₆ were significantly higher in the tenecteplase group than the alteplase group (P < 0.05). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the tenecteplase group than the alteplase group (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of post-treatment complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, skin and oral mucosa bleeding, atrial fibrillation, and hypotension in the alteplase group were 10.20%, 2.04%, 8.16%, 0%, and 8.16% respectively, while those in the tenecteplase group were 2.04%, 4.08%, 6.12%, 2.04%, and 4.08% respectively; the incidence rate of cerebral hemorrhage in the tenecteplase group was significantly lower than the alteplase group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 85.71% in the alteplase group, which was significantly lower than the 91.84% in the tenecteplase group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with alteplase bridging therapy, tenecteplase bridging therapy shows better clinical outcomes, which can improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with AIS to a certain extent, reduce the probability of cerebral hemorrhage, and enhance clinical efficacy.