There is an urgent need for noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and dynamic monitoring of tumor.Urinary volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have become a research hotspot due to their easy acces-sibility,high sensitivity and ability to reflect metabolic abnormalities.VOCs originate from host metabolism,transformation of exogenous substances and microbial activities,and their changes are related to cancer meta-bolic reprogramming.This article reviews the generation mechanisms,detection technologies and clinical ap-plications of urinary VOCs.Advances in detection technologies have significantly improved the detection effi-ciency of urinary VOCs,and clinical studies have shown high sensitivity in diseases such as bladder and pros-tate cancer.However,urinary VOCs still face challenges such as lack of standardised methods,external inter-ferences and small sample size limitations,although they have shown potential to differentiate between differ-ent types of tumor.In the future,it is necessary to promote the translation of urinary VOCs from the laborato-ry to the clinic through the integration of multi-omics,large-scale validation driven by artificial intelligence and the development of miniaturised devices,and to build an integrated system for"early screening-diagnosis-ther-apeutic effect monitoring".

As an integral part of worldwide healthcare,nursing still has a big task to make in conducting implementation research.Addressing the pressing challenges of closing the gap between evidence and nursing practice,and effectively disseminating and applying evidence within the nursing discipline,remains a top priority.This paper presents a compilation of the status of evidence implementation in clinical nursing from an implementation science perspective,including the theoretical framework of barriers to evidence implementation,common research methodologies,and research progress of related factors in the field of nursing.The goal of this work is to bring more insights to further advance the implementation of evidence in nursing.