Objective:To provide reference for relevant aeromedical support by analyzing the changes of flight fatigue and sleep quality of helicopter pilots before and after training.Methods:The cluster sampling method was adopted. The fatigue self-assessment questionnaire was issued to 90 helicopter pilots to measure the fatigue index. Video scintillator was used to measure the critical flick fusion frequency (CFF). Combined with the fatigue index, flight fatigue status before and after flight trainings was evaluated. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to measure the sleep index and sleep factors before and after trainings, and statistical difference was analyzed between aircraft types and training phrases.Results:One hundred and eighty questionnaires were given out in 2 surveys and the effective rate was 100.0%. ①There was no statistical difference in fatigue index and sleep index between armed helicopter (55 cases) and transport helicopter (35 cases) pilots before the trainings of the year ( P>0.05). ②The self-reported fatigue , mental fatigue , total score and PSQI of high-performance armed helicopter pilots were higher than those of general-performance armed helicopter pilots before training ( t=2.227-3.693 , P<0.01 or 0.05). However , there was no statistical difference in CFF. ③The physical fatigue , mental fatigue , total score of helicopter pilots increased after trainings ( t=2.383-3.217 , P<0.01 or 0.05) , and CFF was significantly reduced ( t=3.695 , P<0.01). After trainings , the pilots′ sleep quality , sleep latency , sleep time , sleep efficiency , sleep disorders , sleep medications and daytime function were significantly different from those before trainings ( t=2.238-21.095 , P<0.01 or 0.05) , and PSQI significantly increased ( t=2.050 , P<0.05).④The self-reported fatigue , physical fatigue , mental fatigue , fatigue score of armed helicopter pilots increased ( t=2.019-3.297 , P<0.01 or 0.05) and CFF significantly reduced after trainings ( t=3.926 , P<0.01). Their sleep efficiency , sleep disorders and daytime function were significantly different from those before trainings ( t=12.274 , 4.338 , 2.186 , P<0.01 or 0.05) , and PSQI significantly increased ( t=2.975 , P<0.01). Conclusions:Flight training has a significant effect on flight fatigue and sleep quality of helicopter pilots. It is important to pay attention to the effective recovery of flight fatigue after flight training.

Objective:To provide reference for relevant aeromedical support by analyzing the changes of flight fatigue and sleep quality of helicopter pilots before and after training.Methods:The cluster sampling method was adopted. The fatigue self-assessment questionnaire was issued to 90 helicopter pilots to measure the fatigue index. Video scintillator was used to measure the critical flick fusion frequency (CFF). Combined with the fatigue index, flight fatigue status before and after flight trainings was evaluated. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to measure the sleep index and sleep factors before and after trainings, and statistical difference was analyzed between aircraft types and training phrases.Results:One hundred and eighty questionnaires were given out in 2 surveys and the effective rate was 100.0%. ①There was no statistical difference in fatigue index and sleep index between armed helicopter (55 cases) and transport helicopter (35 cases) pilots before the trainings of the year ( P>0.05). ②The self-reported fatigue , mental fatigue , total score and PSQI of high-performance armed helicopter pilots were higher than those of general-performance armed helicopter pilots before training ( t=2.227-3.693 , P<0.01 or 0.05). However , there was no statistical difference in CFF. ③The physical fatigue , mental fatigue , total score of helicopter pilots increased after trainings ( t=2.383-3.217 , P<0.01 or 0.05) , and CFF was significantly reduced ( t=3.695 , P<0.01). After trainings , the pilots′ sleep quality , sleep latency , sleep time , sleep efficiency , sleep disorders , sleep medications and daytime function were significantly different from those before trainings ( t=2.238-21.095 , P<0.01 or 0.05) , and PSQI significantly increased ( t=2.050 , P<0.05).④The self-reported fatigue , physical fatigue , mental fatigue , fatigue score of armed helicopter pilots increased ( t=2.019-3.297 , P<0.01 or 0.05) and CFF significantly reduced after trainings ( t=3.926 , P<0.01). Their sleep efficiency , sleep disorders and daytime function were significantly different from those before trainings ( t=12.274 , 4.338 , 2.186 , P<0.01 or 0.05) , and PSQI significantly increased ( t=2.975 , P<0.01). Conclusions:Flight training has a significant effect on flight fatigue and sleep quality of helicopter pilots. It is important to pay attention to the effective recovery of flight fatigue after flight training.

Purpose The mean pulmonary artery (MPAP) has been widely used as an important parameter to diagnose and evaluate pulmonary hypertension (PH).The purpose of this paper is to compare the efficacy of two methods in evaluating PH,including estimating pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) using Doppler ultrasonography to measure tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity,and directly using the peak velocity of TR.Materiasl and Methods From January 2012 to June 2013,eighty patients with left-to-right shunt congenital heart diseases (CHD) planned for closure procedure in Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University and the General Hospital of Shenyang Military region were included in this prospective study,who underwent right heart catheterization to measure pulmonary artery pressure,and underwent Doppler ultrasonography to measure the peak velocity ofTR.Results Using catheter-measured MPAP of≥ 25 mmHg as diagnostic reference,the false positive rate was 62.96％,and the false negative rate 0％ when the estimated PASP of ＞30 mmHg determined by TR method was used to diagnose PH.There was high diagnostic agreement when peak velocity of TR was used to diagnose PH.When 320 cm/s and 340 crn/s were used as diagnostic cutoff values,false positive rates were 14.81％ and 7.41％,and false negative rates were 15.91％ and 20.45％,respectively.Conclusion In patients with left-to-right shunt CHD,peak velocity of TR measured on echocardiography can be used to diagnose PH which overcomes the high false positive rate in estimation method.It is more suitable to diagnose PH when the MPAP is used as the diagnostic criterion.

Objective To analyze the changes of superior vena cava SVC spectra in patients with pulmonary hypertension PH and screen the proper parameters of SVC to predict PH Methods Eighty patients with congenital heart disease who underwent right heart catheterization for the measurement of pulmonary artery pressure were included SVC Doppler ultrasound was performed before the catheterization The cut-off point of SVC parameters in the prediction of PH was analyzed using receiver operator characteristic curve ROC curve Results Eighty subjects were included and there were 61 patients in PH group and 10 patients in the control group whose spectra pattern had four waves The data of the 9 subjects whose SVC spectrum were not four waves were excluded from the analysis Diagnostic criteria for PH was pulmonary artery systolic pressure PASP more than 30 mmHg measured by right heart catheterization The analysis of the peak velocity of SVC waves showed that ventricular systolic wave S reduced ventricular reversal wave VR reduced and the ratio of atrial reversal wave and ventricular systolic wave AR S increased in the PH group Compared with the control group their differences were statistically significant t =2 244 2 063 -2 896 P =0 028 0 043 0 005 The ROC curve showed that the ratio of AR S had better diagnostic effect than other parameters On the ROC curve of AR S when the ratio of AR S was 0 45 the sensitivity was 73 77% and specificity was 80 00% respectively for predicting PH When AR S was used to distinguish the control group from patients with moderate and severe PH group the sensitivity was 82 86% and specificity was 80 00% respectively Conclusions Using the ratio of AR S 0 45 as a cut-off for prediction of PH shows a good sensitivity and specificity which might be an alternative method for assessing PH
alternative method for assessing PH.

ObjectiveNotch signaling is highly conservative in evolution and plays an important role in cell's proliferation and differentiation.Construction of tentiviral vector containing Notch intracellular domain (NICD) would lay the foundation for the study of Notch signaling.MethodsTotal RNA was extracted from the myeloid tissue of C57BL/6 mice.cDNA was composed via reverse transcription.NICD sequence was obtained by PCR and recombined into lentiviral vector.Lentiviral vector with NICD was infected into target HEK293T cell.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to examine NICD expression in HEK293T cell.ResultsNICD expression increased in HEK293T cells.ConclusionThe successful construction of lentiviral vector involving mice NICD expression provides the foundation for the future study.

Objective To establish a canine model with acute thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension monitored by echocardiography. Methods Simulated the pathophysiologic process of acute thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension in human, the canine model was developed. The femoral vein puncture and the right heart catheterization to monitor pulmonary artery pressure were operated guided by echocardiography, while the autologous blood clot was injected to the contralateral femoral vein. The criteria of model was the pulmonary artery systolic pressure was higher than 30 mmHg. Results Echocardiography can accurately guide the placement of right heart catheterization and ancillarily observe the pressure testing of pulmonary artery. Of twenty seven healthy experiment dogs, twenty four models with acute thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension were successfully developed. The successful rate was 88.9 %. Conclusions This canine model with acute thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension guided by echocardiography is easy to operate and its repeatability is good.

Objective To study the effect of 125Iodine seed on the rabbit ischiadic nerve at different time point after implantation. Methods Thirty healthy New-Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into 3 groups( 2-week group, 2-month group and 4-month group) using envelope method. During operation, 10 radioactive 125I seeds were implanted randomly near one of the ischiadic nerve, while 10 non-radioactive seeds were implanted into the contralateral ischiadie nerve. According to treatment plan system(TPS),90% of the prescription dose (PD)was centered in the specific place, where the nerves were chosen to be studied. After 2 weeks, 2 months and 4 months respectively, nerve electro-physiolngy experiment was used to evaluate the bilateral ischiadic nerves, at the same time the morphology of the ischiadic nerve was examined by general observation, light microscope and electron microscope. The electron microscope photo with the same ×4000 amplification was divided into 100( 10 × 10) cages and non-specific changes in one cage account for 1%. The t test and sum rank test were used for statistics. Results Potential leaking point of experimental ischiadic nerves near heart in 2-week group ,2-month group and 4-month group were (0.52± 0.26), (0.60±0.19), (0.48±0.17)V, while that of the control sides were (0.59±0.19), (0.60± 0.15), (0.53±0.13 ) V, there was no statistical significance in the same group respectively (t=0.91, 0.03,0.67,P>0.05). Potential leak point of experimental ischiadic nerves far from heart in 2-week group, 2-month group and 4-month group were (0.51±0.15), (0.52 s0. 11 ), (0. 53±0.15) V,the control sides were (0.52±0.10), (0.56±0.12), (0.54±0.10)V, there was no statistical significance in the same group respectively (t= 0.25,0.74,0.17, P > 0.05 ). Action potential amplitude of experimental ischiadic nerves near heart in 2-week group,2-menth group and 4-month group were (13.18±4.09), (12.78± 4.42), (12.09±1.20) mV, while that of the control sides were (10.55± 4.21 ), ( 10.31±4.22), (12.88±3.54) mV, there was no statistical significance in the same group respectively (t=1.57,1.36, 0.50,P>0.05). Action potential amplitude of experimental ischiadic nerves far from heart in 2-week group,2-month group and 4-month group were (11.18±3.38), (11.68±3.21), ( 12.52±3.09) mV, while that of the control sides were (11.56±4.80), (10.71±3.40), (11.67±2.48) mV ,there was no statistical significance in the same group respectively(t=0.29,1.01,0.55, P>0.05 ). Nerve conduction velocity of experimental ischiadic nerves in 2-week group,2-month group and 4-month group were (40.56± 9.46), (38.79±5.78), (39.44±8.64) m/V, the control sides were (42.56±6.59), (44.64±7.53), (43.33±6.05)m/V, there was no statistical significance in the same group respectively( t = 0.57,1.94, 0.01,P>0.05). There were some changes in general observation and light microscope, in electron microscope, many non-specificity changes were observed. All of these changes included delamination, collapse, disaggregation of the myelinated nerve, mitochondria swelling and vacuolization of neurilemma cell and axon. The ratio of degenerative alterations in nerves was 60% --70% in 2-week group, 50% in 2-month group and 30% in 4-month group, and there was statistical significance among three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion 125I permanent plantation in our test dose has little effect on ischiadic nerve, all these non-specificity changes were observed in electron microscope, and it has no evident impacts on physiological functions.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of vascularized free forearm flaps in reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects after oral cancer operation.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 12cases with oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects which had been reconstructed with vascularized free forearm flaps.Data concerning the recipient vessels,the survived rate and complications was analysed.ResultsAll the flaps survived compeletely,with the success rate of 100 %(12/12).The vessel thrombosis rate was 8.3%(1/12) and the flap salvage rate was 100 %(1/1).The overall complication rate was 8.3 %(1/12).ConclusionThe free forearm flap is safe and reliable and is helpful to improve the function and shape in the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects.