Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability. Despite hypothermia treatment being the current standard method, it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory outcomes. Additionally, due to time and equipment constraints, hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered, leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment. Hence, the exploration of alternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology. Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological, cellular, and molecular levels. Circular RNA (circRNA) exhibits high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes. Therefore, circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory effects of circRNA on different types of neural cells in HIE, aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability.Despite hypothermia treat-ment being the current standard method,it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory out-comes.Additionally,due to time and equipment constraints,hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered,leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment.Hence,the exploration of al-ternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology.Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.Circular RNA(circRNA)exhib-its high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes.Therefore,circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE.This article provides a comprehensive over-view of the regulatory effects of circRNA on differ-ent types of neural cells in HIE,aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability.Despite hypothermia treat-ment being the current standard method,it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory out-comes.Additionally,due to time and equipment constraints,hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered,leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment.Hence,the exploration of al-ternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology.Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.Circular RNA(circRNA)exhib-its high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes.Therefore,circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE.This article provides a comprehensive over-view of the regulatory effects of circRNA on differ-ent types of neural cells in HIE,aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability.Despite hypothermia treat-ment being the current standard method,it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory out-comes.Additionally,due to time and equipment constraints,hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered,leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment.Hence,the exploration of al-ternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology.Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.Circular RNA(circRNA)exhib-its high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes.Therefore,circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE.This article provides a comprehensive over-view of the regulatory effects of circRNA on differ-ent types of neural cells in HIE,aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability.Despite hypothermia treat-ment being the current standard method,it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory out-comes.Additionally,due to time and equipment constraints,hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered,leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment.Hence,the exploration of al-ternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology.Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.Circular RNA(circRNA)exhib-its high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes.Therefore,circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE.This article provides a comprehensive over-view of the regulatory effects of circRNA on differ-ent types of neural cells in HIE,aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability.Despite hypothermia treat-ment being the current standard method,it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory out-comes.Additionally,due to time and equipment constraints,hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered,leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment.Hence,the exploration of al-ternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology.Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.Circular RNA(circRNA)exhib-its high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes.Therefore,circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE.This article provides a comprehensive over-view of the regulatory effects of circRNA on differ-ent types of neural cells in HIE,aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability.Despite hypothermia treat-ment being the current standard method,it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory out-comes.Additionally,due to time and equipment constraints,hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered,leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment.Hence,the exploration of al-ternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology.Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.Circular RNA(circRNA)exhib-its high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes.Therefore,circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE.This article provides a comprehensive over-view of the regulatory effects of circRNA on differ-ent types of neural cells in HIE,aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability.Despite hypothermia treat-ment being the current standard method,it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory out-comes.Additionally,due to time and equipment constraints,hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered,leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment.Hence,the exploration of al-ternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology.Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.Circular RNA(circRNA)exhib-its high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes.Therefore,circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE.This article provides a comprehensive over-view of the regulatory effects of circRNA on differ-ent types of neural cells in HIE,aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a major cause of newborn mortality and childhood disability.Despite hypothermia treat-ment being the current standard method,it has its limitations and often produces unsatisfactory out-comes.Additionally,due to time and equipment constraints,hypothermia treatment cannot be promptly administered,leading to high mortality rates or varying levels of neurological impairments even after treatment.Hence,the exploration of al-ternative and effective treatment methods for HIE has become a challenging and highly researched topic in the field of neonatology.Research has shown that HIE induces intricate changes in the neurological system at the physiological,cellular,and molecular levels.Circular RNA(circRNA)exhib-its high expression in the central nervous system and plays a role in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes.Therefore,circRNA holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for HIE.This article provides a comprehensive over-view of the regulatory effects of circRNA on differ-ent types of neural cells in HIE,aiming to offer new theoretical foundations for the treatment of HIE.

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of twin drugs of tetramethylpyrazine-scutellarein （TMSC4） on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury （CIRI） model rats and its mechanism. METHODS One hundred and five SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， scutellarein group （0.7 mmol/kg）， tetramethylpyrazine group （0.7 mmol/kg）， and TMSC4 low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.35， 0.7， 1.4 mmol/kg）， with 15 rats in each group. Sham operation group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， and other groups were given relevant drug intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 14 d. Except for sham operation group， all other groups were treated to establish the CIRI model using the thread occlusion method. After 2 hours of ischemia and 22 hours of reperfusion， the brain index and brain water content of the rats were measured. Serum levels of interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and catalase （CAT） in brain tissues， the situation of neuronal cell apoptosis， and the protein expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） and cleaved-caspase-3 were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with sham operation group， the brain index， brain water content， the serum levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α， the levels of MDA in brain tissues， the brain cell apoptosis and the protein expressions of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 in model group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the levels of SOD， GSH- Px and CAT and the protein expression of Bcl-2 in brain tissues were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， the above indexes of rats were reversed significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05）， while the reverse effects of TMSC4 medium-dose and high-dose groups were significantly better than those of scutellarein group and tetramethylpyrazine group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS TMSC4 has a certain protective effect in CIRI model rats， the mechanism of which may be related to relieving inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress， inhibiting cell apoptosis.