Objective:To discuss the promotive effect of nerve growth factor(NGF),which is highly expressed in the adipose-derived stem cell(ADSC)-induced Schwann-like cells(SCLCs),on the growth of dorsal root ganglion(DRG)cell processes in the rats,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:The ADSCs were extracted from the epididymal adipose tissue of the SD rats,and their multidirectional differentiation potential was identified through osteogenic,adipogenic,and chondrogenic induction.The ADSCs were induced to differentiate into the SCLCs,and the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and S100 calcium-binding protein β(S100β)protein in the ADSCs and SCLCs were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting methods.The DRG cells were isolated and cultured,and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the βⅢ-tubulin expression in the DRG cells for identification.The SCLCs were co-cultured with the DRG cells(co-culture group),the single-culture DRG cells were regared as DRG group and toluidine blue staining was used to observe and measure the length of DRG cell processes under the optical microscope in co-culture group and DRG group.Small interfering RNA(siRNA)transfection was used to knock down NGF,and plasmid transfection was used to over-express NGF.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the NGF mRNA expression levels in the cells in various groups;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was used to detect the NGF protein levels in the cell supernatants.The transfected SCLCs were co-cultured with DRG cells and divided into control group,siNC/vector group,NGF knockdown group(si-NGF group),and NGF over-expression group(oe-NGF group).The lengths of DRG cell processes in various groups were observed.Results:The primary ADSCs adhered within 24 h after seeding,with a small number of lipid droplets remaining.After 3 d of culture,the cells were mostly short spindle-shaped,fusiform,or polygonal,growing rapidly in a vortex pattern.After passaging,the cells exhibited a uniform morphology,appearing as long spindles arranged in a fish-school pattern.After 14 d of adipogenic induction,the cell morphology changed from spindle-shaped to flat-round,with translucent lipid droplets forming in the cytoplasm,which were stained red by Oil Red O.After 28 d of osteogenic induction,the cells appeared sand-like with blurred morphology,and calcified nodules were observed,which were stained red by Alizarin Red and deposited in the extracellular matrix.After 28 d of chondrogenic induction in a 3D culture system,millet-sized chondrogenic spheres formed.Frozen sections of the spheres were stained with Alcian Blue,and acidic mucopolysaccharides in the cartilage tissue were stained blue under the microscope.Under the fluorescence microscope,the third-passage purified ADSCs showed positive expression of CD29[fluorescein isothiocy anate(FITC)-labeled green fluorescence]and CD44(Cy3-labeled red fluorescence).The immunofluorescence staining results showed that GFAP was labeled with FITC(green fluorescence),and S100β was labeled with Cy3(red fluorescence).The Western blotting results showed that compared with ADSCs,the expression levels of S100β and GFAP proteins in the SCLCs were increased(P<0.05).The primary DRG cells began to adhere 6 h after conventional culture,and after 3 d,the cell bodies appeared round and bright,with two linear processes extending from them.Under fluorescence microscope,the cells positively expressed the neuron-specific marker βⅢ-tubulin,confirming that the isolated cells were DRG cells.Compared with the ADSCs,the NGF protein expression level in the SCLCs was increased(P<0.05).Compared with DRG group,the length of DRG cell processes in co-culture group was the highest when DRG cells and SCLCs were co-cultured at a 1∶2 ratio(P<0.05).The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with si-NC group,the expression levels of NGF mRNA in the cell supernatant in si-NGF-1,si-NGF-2,and si-NGF-3 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),with si-NGF-1 showing the highest knockdown efficiency,which was selected for subsequent experiments.The ELISA results showed that compared with si-NC group,the NGF levels in the cell supernatant of si-NGF-1,si-NGF-2,and si-NGF-3 groups were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with Vector group,the expression level of NGF mRNA and NGF protein level in the supernatant in oe-NGF group were increased(P<0.05).Compared with control group and siNC/vector group,the length of DRG cell processes in si-NGF group was decreased(P<0.05),while the length of DRG cell processes in oe-NGF group was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:ADSCs can be directionally differentiated into SCLCs,and the differentiated cells highly express NGF.Knockdown or overexpression of NGF can affect the growth of DRG cell processes.

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of single-balloon enteroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of calculous small intestinal obstruction.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 16 patients who underwent endoscopic enterolith removal for small intestinal obstruction from July 2013 to December 2023.The outcomes of stone removal and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated.Results All the 16 patients successfully underwent single-balloon enteroscope.Among them,15 cases achieved successful stone extraction,while 1 case failed due to an oversized stone that could not pass through the pharyngoesophageal junction.The stone was subsequently pushed to the stomach and removed through surgical operation finally.Conclusion Single-balloon enteroscope has excellent efficacy in enterolith removal,with rapid postoperative recovery and less complications.It is worthy of widespread clinical application.

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of single-balloon enteroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of calculous small intestinal obstruction.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 16 patients who underwent endoscopic enterolith removal for small intestinal obstruction from July 2013 to December 2023.The outcomes of stone removal and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated.Results All the 16 patients successfully underwent single-balloon enteroscope.Among them,15 cases achieved successful stone extraction,while 1 case failed due to an oversized stone that could not pass through the pharyngoesophageal junction.The stone was subsequently pushed to the stomach and removed through surgical operation finally.Conclusion Single-balloon enteroscope has excellent efficacy in enterolith removal,with rapid postoperative recovery and less complications.It is worthy of widespread clinical application.

Objective To observe the pharmacokinetic profile of amoxicillin potassium clavulanate dry suspension(amoxicillin 400 mg with clavulanate 57 mg/5 mL)in fasting and fed states in healthy Chinese subjects.Methods Thirty-six healthy Chinese adult subjects were enrolled in each of the fasting and postprandial trials.A single-dose,randomized,open-ended,two-cycle experimental protocol was used in both groups,in which 10 mL of the test preparation(or the reference preparation),amoxicillin potassium clavulanate,was administered orally with water in each cycle,and venous blood samples were collected for the determination of amoxicillin in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The blood concentrations of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in human plasma were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the pharmacokinetic(PK)parameters of the two active ingredients in the plasma were analyzed by the non-atrial modeling method using PhoenixWinNonlin 8.2 software.Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two main active ingredients were as follows:AUC0_∞ of amoxicillin in the fasting group was(36.81±5.16)μg·mL-1·h;AUC0_twas(36.51±5.10)μg·mL-1·h;Cmax was(13.76±3.13)μg·mL-1;t1/2 was(1.42±0.16)h;tmax was 1.25 h.AUC0-∞ for amoxicillin in the postprandial group was(39.65±5.86)μg·mL-1·h;AUC0-t was(37.43±5.70)μg·mL-1·h;Cmaxwas(8.57±1.70)μg·mL-1,t1/2 was(1.77±0.57)h;tmax was 3.25 h.AUC0-∞ of clavulanic acid in fasting group was(2.54±1.37)μg·mL-1·h;AUC0_t was(4.97±2.05)μg·mL-1·h;Cmax was(2.05±0.87)μg·mL-1;t1/2 was(1.20±0.11)h,tmax was 1.25 h.In the postprandial group clavulanic acid had an AUC0-∞ of(2.54±1.37)μg·mL-1·h;AUC0-twas(2.50±1.36)μg·mL-1·h;Cmaxwas(0.76±0.40)μg·mL-1;t1/2 was(1.13±0.16)h;tmax was 2.50 h.Conclusion Taking the drug after a high-fat,high-calorie diet significantly reduced the rate and extent of clavulanic acid absorption,and had no major effect on the absorption and metabolism of amoxicillin.

Objective To quantitatively assess the influence of various factors on the pharmacokinetic parameters of propofol and to develop a propofol population pharmacokinetic model tailored for Chinese patients.Methods Thirty patients scheduled for selective abdominal surgeries received an anesthesia dose of propofol at 2.0 mg·kg-1.The concentration of propofol in collected venous blood samples was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Polymorphisms in metabolizing enzyme genes were detected through Sanger sequencing technology.Pharmacokinetic parameters were computed,and models were constructed and evaluated using Phoenix Winnonlin software.Results Through software analysis,the drug's in vivo process was best described by a three-compartment model.The population mean values for the central compartment clearance rate(CL),shallow peripheral compartment clearance rate(Q2),deep peripheral compartment clearance rate(Q3),central compartment volume of distribution(V),shallow peripheral compartment volume of distribution(V2),and deep peripheral compartment volume of distribution(V3)were 1.71 L·min-1,1.31 L·min-1,1.51 L·min-1,5.92 L,19.86 L and 99.06 L,respectively.Body weight was identified as a significant covariate affecting CL and V,and was incorporated into the model.Conclusion The evaluation of the final model demonstrates its substantial predictive capability,offering directional guidance for the clinical administration of propofol.

Objective To observe the pharmacokinetic profile of amoxicillin potassium clavulanate dry suspension(amoxicillin 400 mg with clavulanate 57 mg/5 mL)in fasting and fed states in healthy Chinese subjects.Methods Thirty-six healthy Chinese adult subjects were enrolled in each of the fasting and postprandial trials.A single-dose,randomized,open-ended,two-cycle experimental protocol was used in both groups,in which 10 mL of the test preparation(or the reference preparation),amoxicillin potassium clavulanate,was administered orally with water in each cycle,and venous blood samples were collected for the determination of amoxicillin in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The blood concentrations of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in human plasma were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the pharmacokinetic(PK)parameters of the two active ingredients in the plasma were analyzed by the non-atrial modeling method using PhoenixWinNonlin 8.2 software.Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two main active ingredients were as follows:AUC0_∞ of amoxicillin in the fasting group was(36.81±5.16)μg·mL-1·h;AUC0_twas(36.51±5.10)μg·mL-1·h;Cmax was(13.76±3.13)μg·mL-1;t1/2 was(1.42±0.16)h;tmax was 1.25 h.AUC0-∞ for amoxicillin in the postprandial group was(39.65±5.86)μg·mL-1·h;AUC0-t was(37.43±5.70)μg·mL-1·h;Cmaxwas(8.57±1.70)μg·mL-1,t1/2 was(1.77±0.57)h;tmax was 3.25 h.AUC0-∞ of clavulanic acid in fasting group was(2.54±1.37)μg·mL-1·h;AUC0_t was(4.97±2.05)μg·mL-1·h;Cmax was(2.05±0.87)μg·mL-1;t1/2 was(1.20±0.11)h,tmax was 1.25 h.In the postprandial group clavulanic acid had an AUC0-∞ of(2.54±1.37)μg·mL-1·h;AUC0-twas(2.50±1.36)μg·mL-1·h;Cmaxwas(0.76±0.40)μg·mL-1;t1/2 was(1.13±0.16)h;tmax was 2.50 h.Conclusion Taking the drug after a high-fat,high-calorie diet significantly reduced the rate and extent of clavulanic acid absorption,and had no major effect on the absorption and metabolism of amoxicillin.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of polymyxin B in neutropenic patients with hematologic disorders who had refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection. Methods: From August 2021 to July 2022, we retrospectively analyzed neutropenic patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection who were treated with polymyxin B in the Department of Hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of the Soochow University between August 2021 to July 2022. The cumulative response rate was then computed. Results: The study included 27 neutropenic patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections. Polymyxin B therapy was effective in 22 of 27 patients. The median time between the onset of fever and the delivery of polymyxin B was 3 days [interquartile range (IQR) : 2-5]. The median duration of polymyxin B treatment was 7 days (IQR: 5-11). Polymyxin B therapy had a median antipyretic time of 37 h (IQR: 32-70). The incidence of acute renal dysfunction was 14.8% (four out of 27 cases), all classified as "injury" according to RIFLE criteria. The incidence of hyperpigmentation was 59.3%. Conclusion: Polymyxin B is a viable treatment option for granulocytopenia patients with refractory gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections.
Humans ; Polymyxin B/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications* ; Fever/drug therapy* ; Sepsis/drug therapy* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Bacteremia/complications*

Objective: To investigate the association between the urinary arsenic level and serum total testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years. Methods: A total of 5 048 male participants aged 18 to 79 years were recruited from the China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM) from 2017 to 2018. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, food intake frequency and health status. Venous blood and urine samples were collected to detect the level of serum total testosterone, urinary arsenic and urinary creatinine. Participants were divided into three groups (low, middle, and high) based on the tertiles of creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic concentration. Weighted multiple linear regression was fitted to analyze the association of urinary arsenic with serum total testosterone. Results: The weighted average age of 5 048 Chinese men was (46.72±0.40) years. Geometric mean concentration (95%CI) of urinary arsenic, creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic and serum testosterone was 22.46 (20.08, 25.12) μg/L, 19.36 (16.92, 22.15) μg/g·Cr and 18.13 (17.42, 18.85) nmol/L, respectively. After controlling for covariates, compared with the low-level urinary arsenic group, the testosterone level of the participants in the middle-level group and the high-level group decreased gradually. The percentile ratio (95%CI) was -5.17% (-13.14%, 3.54%) and -10.33% (-15.68%, -4.63). The subgroup analysis showed that the association between the urinary arsenic level and testosterone level was more obvious in the group with BMI<24 kg/m² group (P_interaction=0.023). Conclusion: There is a negative association between the urinary arsenic level and serum total testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years.
Humans ; Male ; Arsenic/urine* ; Creatinine ; East Asian People ; Testosterone/blood* ; Urinalysis ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged

Objective: To understand the basic characteristics of previously reported patients with hepatitis C and analyze the related factors affecting their antiviral treatment. Methods: A convenient sampling method was adopted. Patients who had been previously diagnosed with hepatitis C in the Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province and Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province were contacted by telephone for an interview study. The Andersen health service utilization behavior model and related literature were used to design the research framework for antiviral treatment in previously reported hepatitis C patients. A step-by-step multivariate regression analysis was used in previously reported hepatitis C patients treated with antiviral therapy. Results: A total of 483 hepatitis C patients, aged 51.73 ± 12.06 years, were investigated. The proportion of male, agricultural occupants who were registered permanent residents, farmers and migrant workers was 65.24%, 67.49%, and 58.18%, respectively. Han ethnicity (70.81%), married (77.02%), and junior high school and below educational level (82.61%) were the main ones. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that married patients with hepatitis C (OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.93-5.25, compared with unmarried, divorced, and widowed patients) with high school education or above (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.54-4.20, compared with patients with junior high school education or below) were more likely to receive antiviral treatment in the predisposition module. Patients with severe self-perceived hepatitis C in the need factor module (compared with patients with mild self-perceived disease, OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.09-5.40) were more likely to receive treatment. In the competency module, the family's per capita monthly income was more than 1,000 yuan (compared with patients with per capita monthly income below 1,000 yuan, OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02-2.47), and the patients had a high level of awareness of hepatitis C knowledge (compared with patients with a low level of knowledge, OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.35), and the family members who knew the patient's infection status (compared with patients with an unknown infection status, OR = 4.59, 95% CI: 2.24-9.39) were more likely to receive antiviral treatment. Conclusion: Different income, educational, and marital statuses are related to antiviral treatment behavior in hepatitis C patients. Family support of hepatitis C patients receiving hepatitis C-related knowledge and their families knowing the infection status is more important in promoting the antiviral treatment of patients, suggesting that in the future, we should further strengthen the hepatitis C knowledge of hepatitis C patients, especially the family support of hepatitis C patients' families in treatment.
Humans ; Male ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; China ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy* ; Hepacivirus ; Logistic Models

Objective To study the application of an animal model of glaucoma and provide a reference for improved animal experimental method and models.Methods We searched the CNI and PubMed databases using the terms"glaucoma"and"animal models"to identify studies related to animal models of glaucoma from 2012 to 2022.The study species,sex,modeling method,and detection indexes were summarized,and a database was established for statistical analysis.Results In total,400 articles conforming to the criteria were selected.Most of the experimental animals were C57BL/6J mice and most of them were male.The most common modeling method were anterior chamber injection-induced,transgenic,and laser photocoagulation-induced models.The most frequent detection indicators included intraocular pressure measurement,histopathology,Western Blot analysis,and immunohistochemistry.Conclusions Numerous method have been used to construct glaucoma animal models,but the intervention of related traditional Chinese medicine factors is less.It is suggested to increase the glaucoma animal model combined with disease and syndrome.This study evaluated different animal models of glaucoma by data mining to provide references for the construction of animal models with high modelling-success rates,good reproducibility,and high clinical coincidence,as well as providing ideas for model improvement.