1.Analysis of Toxicity Characteristics and Rational Drug Use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix
Qiongyi FU ; Yupu QI ; Yu HUAN ; Yagang SONG ; Xiangxiang WU ; Mingsan MIAO
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(3):222-231
ObjectivePolygoni Multiflori Radix is a commonly used tonic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in clinical practice, but liver injury has often been reported in recent years. Some related preparations containing Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been reported by the National Medical Products Administration many times for the risk of liver injury. This has caused extensive discussion on the potential toxicity of TCM in China and abroad, which has limited the clinical use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix to some extent. To understand the adverse reactions of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the safe and rational use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix in clinical practice was discussed. MethodsThe pharmacovigilance thought of modern Chinese medicine and the TCM pharmacovigilance system framework of ''identification of poison, use of poison, anti-poison, and detoxification'' were employed to mine the relevant toxicity records, usage and dosage, processing compatibility, and contraindication of taking Polygoni Multiflori Radix in ancient books. The drug safety information of Polygoni Multiflori Radix was summarized by comparing with modern reports. ResultsA total of 74 ancient books related to Polygoni Multiflori Radix were included, suggesting that the toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix was recognized in ancient times. The main chemical components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix had both efficacy and toxicity, and the adverse reactions may be related to long-term use, excessive use, and individual differences. The results showed that the toxic components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix could be reduced by peeling, steaming with black beans, and processing without iron tools. The toxic effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix could be reduced by the compatibility of Polygoni Multiflori Radix with Poria, Psoraleae Fructus, and Cistanches Herba. ConclusionReasonable dosage, standard processing, correct compatibility, and syndrome differentiation are the key points to standardize the use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. Clinically, the toxicity classification of TCM should be strengthened, and the susceptible population should be prioritized. The detection indicators and early warning mechanisms should be improved, and precise drug dosage and course of treatment should be guaranteed. These measures can ensure the safe use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix.
2.Analysis of Toxicity Characteristics and Rational Drug Use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix
Qiongyi FU ; Yupu QI ; Yu HUAN ; Yagang SONG ; Xiangxiang WU ; Mingsan MIAO
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(3):222-231
ObjectivePolygoni Multiflori Radix is a commonly used tonic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in clinical practice, but liver injury has often been reported in recent years. Some related preparations containing Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been reported by the National Medical Products Administration many times for the risk of liver injury. This has caused extensive discussion on the potential toxicity of TCM in China and abroad, which has limited the clinical use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix to some extent. To understand the adverse reactions of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the safe and rational use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix in clinical practice was discussed. MethodsThe pharmacovigilance thought of modern Chinese medicine and the TCM pharmacovigilance system framework of ''identification of poison, use of poison, anti-poison, and detoxification'' were employed to mine the relevant toxicity records, usage and dosage, processing compatibility, and contraindication of taking Polygoni Multiflori Radix in ancient books. The drug safety information of Polygoni Multiflori Radix was summarized by comparing with modern reports. ResultsA total of 74 ancient books related to Polygoni Multiflori Radix were included, suggesting that the toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix was recognized in ancient times. The main chemical components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix had both efficacy and toxicity, and the adverse reactions may be related to long-term use, excessive use, and individual differences. The results showed that the toxic components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix could be reduced by peeling, steaming with black beans, and processing without iron tools. The toxic effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix could be reduced by the compatibility of Polygoni Multiflori Radix with Poria, Psoraleae Fructus, and Cistanches Herba. ConclusionReasonable dosage, standard processing, correct compatibility, and syndrome differentiation are the key points to standardize the use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. Clinically, the toxicity classification of TCM should be strengthened, and the susceptible population should be prioritized. The detection indicators and early warning mechanisms should be improved, and precise drug dosage and course of treatment should be guaranteed. These measures can ensure the safe use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix.
3.Repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes motor function recovery in mice after spinal cord injury
Haiwang SONG ; Guanhua JIANG ; Yingying MU ; Shanyu FU ; Baofei SUN ; Yumei LI ; Zijiang YU ; Dan YANG
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(11):2252-2260
BACKGROUND:Repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation(rTSMS)can inhibit inflammatory responses following spinal cord injury.rTSMS applies magnetic field stimulation to the spinal cord region to modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission,thereby promoting plasticity and repair of the nervous system. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of rTSMS on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor(NF)-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway after spinal cord injury and explore its mechanism in promoting motor function recovery. METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice,SPF grade,were randomly divided into sham surgery group,spinal cord injury group,and rTSMS group.The latter two groups of mice were anesthetized and the T9 vertebral plate was removed using rongeur forceps to expose the spinal cord,and the spinal cord was clamped using a small aneurysm clip for 20 seconds to establish the spinal cord injury model.Mice in the rTSMS group underwent a 21-day rTSMS intervention starting on day 1 after spinal cord injury.The stimulation lasted 10 minutes per day,5 days per week with an interval of 2 days.Basso Mouse Scale scores were used to assess motor function recovery in mice after spinal cord injury at 1,3,7,14,and 21 days after spinal cord injury.Western blot was employed to detect the expression of AQP4,apoptotic factors Bax,Bcl-2,CL-Caspase-3,inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,interleukin-6,interleukin-4,and the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway related proteins in the injured spinal cord.Oxidative stress assay kit was used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,and malondialdehyde content at the site of spinal cord injury.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of neuronal nuclei(NeuN). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Basso Mouse Scale score in the rTSMS group was significantly higher than that in the spinal cord injury group(P<0.05).Compared with the spinal cord injury group,the rTSMS group showed a reduction in spinal cord water content.The expression of AQP4 protein,malondialdehyde content,and expression of Bax,Bcl-2,CL-Caspase-3,tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,interleukin-6,and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway related proteins were all decreased in the rTSMS group,while the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase,as well as the expression of Bcl-2,interleukin-4,and NeuN,were all increased(P<0.05).These results suggest that rTSMS downregulates the expression of proteins related to the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway,alleviating symptoms after spinal cord injury such as spinal cord edema,oxidative stress,apoptosis,and inflammation,exerting neuroprotective effects,and thereby promoting the recovery of hindlimb motor function after spinal cord injury.
4.Relationships Between Exercise Components and Social Anxiety Levels Among Chinese College Students
Qi CHENG ; Wenbing YU ; Mingxiao JU ; Duo YANG ; Jiannan FU ; Shilong SONG
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(2):196-203
Objective:
This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety.
Methods:
A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels.
Results:
One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels.
Conclusion
The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.
5.Study of adsorption of coated aldehyde oxy-starch on the indexes of renal failure
Qian WU ; Cai-fen WANG ; Ning-ning PENG ; Qin NIE ; Tian-fu LI ; Jian-yu LIU ; Xiang-yi SONG ; Jian LIU ; Su-ping WU ; Ji-wen ZHANG ; Li-xin SUN
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2025;60(2):498-505
The accumulation of uremic toxins such as urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, and uric acid of patients with renal failure
6.Study on the influential factors of blood concentration for duloxetine based on therapeutic drug monitoring
Yang LUN ; Liguang DUAN ; Feiyue AN ; Ran FU ; Jing YU ; Chaoli CHEN ; Mengqiang ZHAO ; Shi SU ; Yang SONG ; Jiaqi WANG ; Yuhang YAN ; Chunhua ZHOU
China Pharmacy 2025;36(6):727-731
OBJECTIVE To explore the main factors influencing the blood concentration of duloxetine, and provide a scientific basis for the individualized use of duloxetine. METHODS Retrospective analysis was conducted on 434 inpatients with depressive disorders at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, who were treated with duloxetine and underwent blood concentration monitoring between January 2022 and April 2024. The study examined the impact of various factors, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), gene phenotypes, combined medication, drug type (original/generic), and genotyping results of gene single nucleotide polymorphism loci, on blood concentration and the concentration-to-dose (C/D) after dose adjustment. RESULTS The blood concentration of duloxetine was 76.65 (45.57, 130.31) ng/mL, and C/D was 0.96 (0.63, 1.60) ng·d/(mL·mg). The blood concentration of duloxetine was positively correlated with the daily dose of administration (R2=0.253 7, P<0.001). Blood concentration of duloxetine in 38.94% of patients exceeded the recommended range specified in the guidelines. Gender, age, BMI, combined use of CYP2D6 enzyme inhibitors, and CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 phenotypes had significant effects on C/D of duloxetine (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The patient’s age, gender, BMI, combined medication, and genetic phenotypes are closely related to the blood concentration of duloxetine.
7.Relationships Between Exercise Components and Social Anxiety Levels Among Chinese College Students
Qi CHENG ; Wenbing YU ; Mingxiao JU ; Duo YANG ; Jiannan FU ; Shilong SONG
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(2):196-203
Objective:
This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety.
Methods:
A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels.
Results:
One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels.
Conclusion
The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.
8.Relationships Between Exercise Components and Social Anxiety Levels Among Chinese College Students
Qi CHENG ; Wenbing YU ; Mingxiao JU ; Duo YANG ; Jiannan FU ; Shilong SONG
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(2):196-203
Objective:
This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety.
Methods:
A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels.
Results:
One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels.
Conclusion
The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.
9.Relationships Between Exercise Components and Social Anxiety Levels Among Chinese College Students
Qi CHENG ; Wenbing YU ; Mingxiao JU ; Duo YANG ; Jiannan FU ; Shilong SONG
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(2):196-203
Objective:
This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety.
Methods:
A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels.
Results:
One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels.
Conclusion
The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.
10.Relationships Between Exercise Components and Social Anxiety Levels Among Chinese College Students
Qi CHENG ; Wenbing YU ; Mingxiao JU ; Duo YANG ; Jiannan FU ; Shilong SONG
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(2):196-203
Objective:
This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety.
Methods:
A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels.
Results:
One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels.
Conclusion
The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

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