PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of bone loss in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Patients with SCI in our hospital from January 2019 to March 2023 were collected. According to the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites, the patients were divided into the lumbar spine group and the hip joint group. According to the BMD value, the patients were divided into the normal bone mass group (t > -1.0 standard deviation) and the osteopenia group (t ≤ -1.0 standard deviation). The influencing factors accumulated as follows: gender, age, height, weight, cause of injury, injury segment, injury degree, time after injury, start time of rehabilitation, motor score, sensory score, spasticity, serum value of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus. The trend chart was drawn and the influencing factors were analyzed. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the BMD values of the lumbar spine and bilateral hips. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of osteoporosis after SCI. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The incidence of bone loss in patients with SCI was 66.3%. There was a low concordance between bone loss in the lumbar spine and the hip, and the hip was particularly susceptible to bone loss after SCI, with an upward trend in incidence (36% - 82%). In this study, patients with SCI were divided into the lumbar spine group (n = 100) and the hip group (n = 185) according to the BMD values of different sites. Then, the lumbar spine group was divided into the normal bone mass group (n = 53) and the osteopenia group (n = 47); the hip joint group was divided into the normal bone mass group (n = 83) and the osteopenia group (n = 102). Of these, lumbar bone loss after SCI is correlated with gender and weight (p = 0.032 and < 0.001, respectively), and hip bone loss is correlated with gender, height, weight, and time since injury (p < 0.001, p = 0.015, 0.009, and 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of bone loss after SCI was high, especially in the hip. The incidence and influencing factors of bone loss in the lumbar spine and hip were different. Patients with SCI who are male, low height, lightweight, and long time after injury were more likely to have bone loss.
Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications* ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Incidence ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Middle Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Osteoporosis/etiology* ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology* ; Aged ; Risk Factors

Glutamine provides carbon and nitrogen to support the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the precise reason why cancer cells are particularly dependent on glutamine remains unclear. In this study, we report that glutamine modulates the tumor suppressor F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBW7) to promote cancer cell proliferation and survival. Specifically, lysine 604 (K604) in the sixth of the 7 substrate-recruiting WD repeats of FBW7 undergoes glutaminylation (Gln-K604) by glutaminyl tRNA synthetase. Gln-K604 inhibits SCFFBW7-mediated degradation of c-Myc and Mcl-1, enhances glutamine utilization, and stimulates nucleotide and DNA biosynthesis through the activation of c-Myc. Additionally, Gln-K604 promotes resistance to apoptosis by activating Mcl-1. In contrast, SIRT1 deglutaminylates Gln-K604, thereby reversing its effects. Cancer cells lacking Gln-K604 exhibit overexpression of c-Myc and Mcl-1 and display resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Silencing both c-MYC and MCL-1 in these cells sensitizes them to chemotherapy. These findings indicate that the glutamine-mediated signal via Gln-K604 is a key driver of cancer progression and suggest potential strategies for targeted cancer therapies based on varying Gln-K604 status.
Glutamine/metabolism* ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics* ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Signal Transduction ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7/genetics* ; Cell Survival ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis

Gene regulation relies on the precise binding of transcription factors (TFs) at regulatory elements, but simultaneously detecting hundreds of TFs on chromatin is challenging. We developed cFOOT-seq, a cytosine deaminase-based TF footprinting assay, for high-resolution, quantitative genome-wide assessment of TF binding in both open and closed chromatin regions, even with small cell numbers. By utilizing the dsDNA deaminase SsdAtox, cFOOT-seq converts accessible cytosines to uracil while preserving genomic integrity, making it compatible with techniques like ATAC-seq for sensitive and cost-effective detection of TF occupancy at the single-molecule and single-cell level. Our approach enables the delineation of TF footprints, quantification of occupancy, and examination of chromatin influences on TF binding. Notably, cFOOT-seq, combined with FootTrack analysis, enables de novo prediction of TF binding sites and tracking of TF occupancy dynamics. We demonstrate its application in capturing cell type-specific TFs, analyzing TF dynamics during reprogramming, and revealing TF dependencies on chromatin remodelers. Overall, cFOOT-seq represents a robust approach for investigating the genome-wide dynamics of TF occupancy and elucidating the cis-regulatory architecture underlying gene regulation.
Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Humans ; Chromatin/genetics* ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Mice ; DNA Footprinting/methods*

Objective To conduct Rh blood group serological testing and third-generation sequencing(TGS)on 22 RhD variant voluntary blood donors in Chongqing and explore the phenotypic distribution and genotyping of RhD variants in Chongqing.Methods From January to August 2023,individuals who participated in blood donation in our blood center were selected as the study objects.RhD variant phenotype identification was performed using routine serological methods.Once the RhD variants were identified,tests on different antigenic epitopes of RhD were conducted using a D-screen assay kit.Furthermore,after the genomic DNA from 22 RhD variant blood samples was extracted,imbraided primers design and multi-segment amplification and splicing were used to sequence the full-length RHD gene for TGS.The RHD gene sequence was analyzed using SnapGene software.Results Among the 22 RhD variants,8 were DVI type 3(36.36%),with the main mutation of RHD-CE(3-6)-D hybrid allele.Six cases(27.27%)showed partial weak D15 type,with the main mutation of c.845G>A.There were 6 cases of Asia type Del(27.27%),with the main mutation of c.1227G>A.One case was weak D17 type with a mutation of c.340C>T and 1 case speculated to be partial D(c.491A>T,p.Asp164Val,missense mutation).Conclusion The most common RhD variant phenotype among blood donors in Chongqing is DVI type 3,and the full-length haplotype sequence of RHD variant alleles can be obtained by Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time sequencing(SMRT).

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective To understand the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia spp.from member units of Hu-nan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021.Methods According to the technical scheme of China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS),data about Escherichia spp.and the anti-microbial susceptibility testing results reported from member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Sur-veillance System were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 476 351 clini-cally isolated Escherichia spp.were collected,475 520 of which were Escherichia coli,accounting for 99.8％;92.6％were isolated from inpatients;39.3％were isolated from urine specimens.Over the past 10 years,the proportion of Escherichia spp.in total detected pathogens remained relatively stable,ranging 20％-23％,the lowest rate was 18.7％in 2012,and the highest rate was 22.9％in 2015.In the past 10 years,the resistance rates of Escherichia spp.to ampicillin,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbactam were＞80％,＞47％,＞45％,and＞39％,respectively;resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam,cefoperazone/sulbactam,and nitrofurantoin were all＜8％,to tigecycline,amikacin,imipenem,and meropenem(except in 2012)were all＜5％.Resistance of Escherichia spp.to 22 commonly clinically used antimicrobial agents fluctuated,but overall trend decreased year by year.The resistance rates of Escherichia spp.from patients in the intensive care unit(ICU),non-ICU patients,outpatients,and emergency patients to 22 clinically commonly used antimicrobial agents were compared among different depart-ments,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The resistance rates of Escherichia spp.iso-lated from ICU and non-ICU patients were compared,and except for tigecycline,the resistance rates to the other 21 antimicrobial agents were statistically different(all P＜0.05).The resistance rates of Escherichia spp.isolated from patients to commonly clinically used antimicrobial agents were statistically different among patients of different age groups(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Escherichia spp.isolated from patients in different years,departments,specimens,and ages have different resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents.It is necessary to continue to strengthen the surveillance on bacterial resistance,so as to guide the rational choice of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To investigate the effect of radiation on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and its related mechanism.Methods Rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were divided into blank control group,X-ray irradiation group(X-ray group),X-ray irradiation+microRNA(miRNA)-134-5p inhibitor group(X-inhibitor group)and X-ray irradiation+miRNA-134-5p inhibitor negative control group(X-NC group).H9C2 cardiomyocytes were irradiated with 6 Gy X-ray,and the changes of various indexes were detected 48 h after irradiation.Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit 8 assay.The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining.The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cells was detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe.The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 method.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in cells were measured by kits.The expression of miRNA-134-5p was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),protein kinase B(Akt),phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),Bcl2 and Bax was detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the blank control group,in the X-ray group the levels of ROS and MDA were significantly increased,the activity of SOD was significantly decreased,the decreased percentage in mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly increased,the number of micronuclei of DNA damage was significantly increased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased(all P＜0.01).Compared with the X-ray group,all the indexes of the X-inhibitor group were reversed(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while there was no significant difference in the above parameters in the X-NC group(all P＞0.05).Compared with the blank control group,the X-ray group had a significant increase in the miRNA-134-5p level and significant reductions in the protein level of BDNF,Bcl2/Bax ratio,and p-Akt/Akt ratio(all P＜0.01).Compared with the X-ray group,the X-inhibitor group had a significant reduction in the level of miRNA-134-5p and significant increases in the protein level of BDNF,Bcl2/Bax ratio,and p-Akt/Akt ratio(all P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference in all parameters in the X-NC group(all P＞0.05).Conclusion X-ray irradiation can induce oxidative stress,mitochondrial damage,and DNA damage,eventually leading to apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes,and the mechanism may involve miRNA-134-5p/BDNF/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.