After the wooden shipwreck was recovered from the marine underwater environment,the wooden components undergo varying degrees of degradation,therefore,accurately determining the extent of degradation is a fundamental scientific issue for implementing effective preservation strategies.In this work,the wooden remains of Pinus massoniana excavated from the"Nanhai No.1"shipwreck(Southern Song Dynasty)were investigated and compared with the modern wood to discriminate the degradation levels of archaeological wood using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy.The residual sugar content within wood cell walls was determined using a non-invasive automated microscale ATR-FTIR method to extract chemical information from the wood tangential section.Microstructural characterization of wood samples was conducted by super depth of field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.FTIR spectral analysis was performed to evaluate the degradation state and elucidate changes in cellulose crystallinity.Finally,the combination of FTIR spectroscopy with the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis(sPLS-DA)model facilitated the rapid discrimination of degradation levels in shipwreck archaeological wood,and the performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and area under the curve(AUC).The results showed that the higher the degree of wood degradation,the lower the residual sugar content in the wood cell wall,and the residual glucose content of highly degraded wood was only 4.7％.Significant differences were observed in both the tangential section microstructure and FTIR characteristic absorption patterns across degradation levels,and as the degradation advanced,progressive cell wall loosening occurred alongside selective removal of polysaccharide components,and the relative lignin content was increased,resulting in an elevated A1509/A1370 ratio in FTIR spectra.The sPLS-DA model achieved excellent discrimination performance with AUC values exceeding 0.9,confirming that the combination of FTIR spectroscopy with sPLS-DA enabled accurate assessment of degradation levels in shipwreck archaeological wood.This study developed a rapid and accurate methodology for assessing degradation levels in shipwreck archaeological wood based on microscale ATR-FTIR spectroscopy,which would help to promote the accurate assessment of the preservation state of waterlogged wooden artifacts.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical significance of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (EPLND) under the robot-assisted laparoscope in the treatment of high-risk PCa. METHODS: This study included 29 cases of high-risk PCa treated by robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and EPLND from April 2020 to January 2023. We collected the general data on the patients, recorded the status of dissection of the lymph nodes and postoperative complications, and analyzed the significance of EPLND. RESULTS: The patients were aged (69.3±6.6) years old, with the preoperative PSA level of 8.43－434 μg/L, Gleason score (GS) 6 in 1, GS 7 in 9, and GS ≥8 in 19 cases. The operation time averaged (97.2±15.7) min, with the mean blood loss of (30.5±11.2) ml, and 3－42 (median = 13) lymph nodes dissected, less than 10 in 10 cases, 11－19 in 12, and more than 20 in 7. Positive pelvic lymph nodes (median = 4) were found in 13 cases, with a positive rate of 44.8%. Positive incisal margin was observed in 11 cases (37.9%), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in 4 (13.8%), and perineural invasion (PNI) in another 4 (13.8%). Lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with positive incisal margin (P<0.05), but not with LVI, PNI or age (P>0.05). No significant vascular or nerve injuries occurred during the operation. GS 6 was detected in 1, GS 7 in 7, and GS ≥8 in 21 cases postoperatively. CONCLUSION Robot-assisted laparoscopic EPLND is an important strategy for the treatment of high-risk PCa, which contributes to accurate pathological staging of the malignancy. However, evidence is lacking for its benefit to the survival of high-risk PCa patients, and more follow-up studies are needed to confirm its treatment effect.
Humans ; Male ; Lymph Node Excision/methods* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Aged ; Prostatectomy/methods* ; Pelvis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymph Nodes/surgery* ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of antibiotic use for very and extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of Hunan Province. METHODS: The use of antibiotics was investigated in multiple level 3 NICUs of Hunan Province for VLBW and ELBW infants born between January, 2017 and December, 2017. RESULTS: The clinical data of 1 442 VLBW/ELBW infants were collected from 24 NICUs in 2017. The median antibiotic use duration was 17 days (range: 0-86 days), accounting for 53.0% of the total length of hospital stay. The highest duration of antibiotic use was up to 91.4% of the total length of hospital stay, with the lowest at 14.6%. In 16 out of 24 NICUs, the antibiotic use duration was accounted for more than 50.0% of the hospitalization days. There were 113 cases with positive bacterial culture grown in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, making the positive rate of overall bacterial culture as 7.84%. The positive rate of bacterial culture in different NICUs was significantly different from 0% to 14.9%. The common isolated bacterial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae was 29 cases (25.7%); Escherichia coli 12 cases (10.6%); Staphylococcus aureus 3 cases (2.7%). The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation of cephalosporins, accounting for 41.00% of the total antibiotics, followed by penicillins, accounting for 32.10%, and followed by carbapenems, accounting for 13.15%. The proportion of antibiotic use time was negatively correlated with birth weight Z-score and the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge (r=-0.095, -0.151 respectively, P<0.01), positively correlated with death/withdrawal of care (r=0.196, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics used for VLBW/ELBW infants in NICUs of Hunan Province are obviously prolonged in many NICUs. The proportion of routine use of third-generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems antibiotics is high among the NICUs.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To explore the clinical effect of application of empowerment theory on patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).Methods Sixty-four patients with IBS-D were chosen and randomly divided into two groups,each with 32 cases.The control group received routine nursing care,and the experimental group received empowerment theory for nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing care.The curative effect and treating compliance in the two groups were compared,and the quality of life before and after intervention was assessed by IBS-QOL.Results The curative effect was 84.3％ in the experimental group after intervention,and 59.5％ in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.95,P ＜ 0.05).The score of treating compliance was (36.12 ± 5.84) in the experimental group after intervention,and (29.51 ± 5.36) in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (t =4.717,P ＜ 0.01).The scores of IBS-QOL in all factors between two groups were no statistically significant before intervention (P ＞0.05).The scores of IBS-QOL in all factors excluding picky eaters dimension in the experimental group after intervention were higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Empowerment theory helps to improve the patients' quality of life and treating compliance,and enhance the curative effects.

AIMTo investigate the effect of musk soluble components on the growth, the differentiation and the transfection efficiency of rat neural stem cell (NSC) in vitro.

METHODSThe growth and the differentiation of rat NSC were observed when musk soluble components were added into the culture medium of NSC. Meanwhile, the pEGFP-C1, which expressed the enhanced GFP protein, was transfected into the NSC by method of electro- transfection.

RESULTSWhen NSC was treated with musk soluble components, the neurites were outgrowth around NSC and attached to the plate, and the neural spheres were disassociated. The glia-like cells appeared at the concentration of 0.3 per thousand. When the concentration of musk soluble components was lower than 3 per thousand, the transformative cells could recover. Furthermore, the efficiency of transfection pEGFP into NSC was remarkably increased after the treatment with musk.

CONCLUSIONAfter the treatment of NSC with musk soluble components, the neural spheres were disassociated, and then attached to the plate. Musk soluble components could induce NSC differentiation into glia-like cells and improve the transfection efficiency of pEGFP-C1 in vitro.

Animals ; Brain ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; Female ; Fetus ; Male ; Materia Medica ; pharmacology ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the characteristics of seroconversion of HBV NAT screening-positive crowd from blood donors in Dongguan city and provide reference for the safety of blood transfution and disease prevention.Methods With retrospective survey, Nucleic acid testing (NAT) was used to analyze 28 800 HBsAg-negative samples by ELISA from blood donors in Dongguan city from August, 2006 to August, 2007 with Roche Cobas AmpliScreen systems; and follow-up research including NAT for HBV-DNA, ELISA for HBsAg and multiple factors analysis for HBV infection was carried out on HBV NAT screening-positive crowd. Results 10 positive poolings were screened from 28 800 samples; after further detection, 2 of these positive poolings were HBV-DNA negative and 8 HBV-DNA positive samples were found. The 10-week follow-up resesrch on these 8 blood donors showed that6 were HBV-DNA positive and HBsAg-negative at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks respectively, 1 wasn't HBsAg positive until 2 weeks and was positive on follow-up, and considered in "window period", 1 was HBV-DNA negative, HBsAg-negative on follow-up. Of these 8,7 were not only migrant labors with poor condition of work, life and health but also in high risk of secondary infection for HBV, in additon they had little idea of therapy or prevention measures of HBV infection and the other 1 was HBV-DNA negative, HBsAg-negative on follow-up, who was in better condition than the above 7 donors. Conclusion NAT is more sensitive than ELISA in screening HBV, but the probability of being false positive of NAT can not be ignored at the same time. On the hand,only screening HBsAg for HBV is relative limitation in high infection region of China. Some factors would have effect on the serum conversion of blood donors including the quality of work and life, therapy or prevention measures.

Objective To investigate plasma levels of total carnitine (TC) and free camitine (FC) in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Methods 200 cases of normal group came from physical examination in this hospital,all testing cases were the in-hospital patients in the department of nephropathy.TC and FC were determined by use of an enzymatic cycle assay on Hitachi 7170 automatic biochemical analyzer.Results In 200 cases of normal group,TC level was (56.52?9.61) ?mol/L,and FC was (46.60?8.23) ?mol/L.In 37 hemodialysis patients,TC and FC levels were (41.47?13.22) ?mol/L and (24.58?8.91)?mol/L before dialysis,a statistic difference was observed against the control group (P0.05).Conclusions Carnitine deficiency was seen in most patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Furthermore,the deficiency status got worse along with the dialysis course in hemodialysis patients.Carnitine infusion can effectively improve the status of these patients.