Objective To investigate the clinical features，laboratory findings，and prognosis of patients with autoimmune encephalitis positive for leucine rich glioma inactivated 1（LGI1）antibody. Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 11 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis hospitalized in Fu Yang People's Hospital from October 2019 to December 2024. Results All the 11 patients（100%）had cognitive function involvement，9（81.8%）had epileptic seizures，5（45.5%）had mental and behavioral abnormalities，4（36.4%）had sleep disorders，3（27.3%）had autonomic nervous dysfunction，2（18.2%）had faciobrachial dystonic seizures（FBDS），2（18.2%）had facial numbness，and 1（9.1%）had phantosmia and pruritus in both eyes and the neck. LGI1 antibody was positive in the serum of all the cases（100%）and present in the cerebrospinal fluid of 8 cases（72.3%）. Seven cases（63.6%）had hyponatremia，and 5 cases（45.5%）also had hypophosphatemia，hypocalcemia，and hypomagnesemia in addition to blood sodium lower than 134 mmol/L. Intracranial abnormalities were detected in 7 cases（63.6%）on magnetic resonance imaging. Electroencephalogram abnormalities were recorded in 6 cases（54.5%）. After immunosuppressive treatment，2 cases（18.2%）had recurrent symptoms，and 2 cases（18.2%）had residual mild memory impairment. In terms of prognosis，the modified Rankin Scale scores were generally favorable. Conclusion Anti-LGI1 encephalitis manifests as convulsions，FBDS，memory decline，mental and behavioral abnormalities，autonomic nervous dysfunction，sleep disorders，hyponatremia，and multiple electrolyte disorders such as hypomagnesemia，hypocalcemia，and hypophosphatemia when blood sodium is below 134 mmol/L. The prognosis with immunosuppressive treatment is favorable，but recurrent symptoms may occur.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii can still survive and acquire polymyxin resistance after complete loss of LPS. Previous studies of LPS-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii mostly focused on LPS-deficient strains induced by polymyxin, whose background was complex and unstable. To investigate LPS loss-mediated polymyxin resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii, this study constructed a stable and clear background LPS-deficient strain by knocking out lpxC gene in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 with CIRSPR/Cas9, and then studied the phenotypic changes of the lpxC-deficient strain including morphology, growth rate, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, membrane permeability, and membrane potential. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, CAMS and PUMC (approval number: IMB-20240119D₉). The results indicated that the lpxC gene of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 was successfully knocked out. After losing the lpxC, the strain underwent the morphological change from rod-shaped to spherical. Furthermore, it leads to reduced growth rate, enhanced membrane permeability, decreased membrane potential, lower virulence, and increased antibiotic susceptibility to β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, glycopeptides. The lpxC deletion results in significant changes in membrane homeostasis and adaptability of Acinetobacter baumannii. Understanding the phenotypic changes of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by LPS loss is useful for exploring the resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and developing new therapeutic strategies.

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of different scores on predicting death risk of extremely low birth weight infants （ELBWI）. MethodsA total of 186 cases of ELBWI admitted by the Children's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University and the Lishui Branch of the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University were admitted from January 1， 2019 to January 1， 2021， and 125 ELBWIs were finally included after screening by inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 47 cases in the death group and 78 cases in the survival group. General data and the items of score for neonatal acute physiology version Ⅱ （SNAP-Ⅱ）， simplified version of the score for neonatal acute physiology perinatal extension （SNAPPE-Ⅱ）， clinical risk index for babies （CRIB）， clinical risk index for babies Ⅱ （CRIB-Ⅱ） and the national critical illness score （NCIS） were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed and nomogram was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC）. ResultsIt was found that systolic blood pressure， maximum inhaled oxygen concentration， BE value and birth weight were important factors in ELBWI mortality risk assessment ［systolic blood pressure OR： 0.968， 95%CI： 0.938-0.999， P=0.043； maximum inhaled oxygen concentration OR： 1.020， 95%CI： 1.006-1.034， P=0.006； BE OR： 0.868， 95%CI： 0.786-0.959， P=0.005； birth weight OR： 0.994， 95%CI： 0.991-0.997， P=0.000］. ROC showed that the area under the curve of the above four variables is 0.71， and the 95% confidence interval is 0.610-0.799， which is better than CRIB score. ConclusionLower systolic blood pressure， higher inhaled oxygen concentration， higher BE and lower birthweight are important influencing factors to predict the death risk of ELBWI. The above four items should be included in the newly developed score assessment to obtain a more effective ELBWI prediction system.

Objective: To analyze the survival time of reported HIV/AIDS and influencing factors of Yunnan Province from 1989 to 2021. Methods: The data were extracted from the Chinese HIV/AIDS comprehensive response information management system. The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The life table method was applied to calculate the survival probability. Kaplan-Meier was used to draw survival curves in different situations. Furthermore, the Cox proportion hazard regression model was constructed to identify the factors related to survival time. Results: Of the 174 510 HIV/AIDS, the all-cause mortality density was 4.23 per 100 person-years, the median survival time was 20.00 (95%CI:19.52-20.48) years, and the cumulative survival rates in 1, 10, 20, and 30 years were 90.75%, 67.50%, 47.93% and 30.85%. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model results showed that the risk of death among 0-14 and 15-49 years old groups were 0.44 (95%CI: 0.34-0.56) times and 0.51 (95%CI:0.50-0.52) times of ≥50 years old groups. The risk for death among the first CD4⁺T lymphocytes counts (CD4) counts levels of 200-349 cells/μl, 350-500 cells/μl and ≥501 cells/μl groups were 0.52 (95%CI: 0.50-0.53) times, 0.41 (95%CI: 0.40-0.42) times and 0.35 (95%CI: 0.34-0.36) times of 0-199 cells/μl groups. The risk of death among the cases that have not received antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 11.56 (95%CI: 11.26-11.87) times. The risk for death among the cases losing to ART, stopping to ART, both losing and stopping ART was 1.66 (95%CI:1.61-1.72) times, 2.49 (95%CI:2.39-2.60) times, and 1.65 (95%CI:1.53-1.78) times of the cases on ART. Conclusions: The influencing factors for the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases were age at diagnosis in Yunnan province from 1989 to 2021. The first CD4 counts levels, antiretroviral therapy, and ART compliance. Early diagnosis, early antiretroviral therapy, and increasing ART compliance could extend the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Asian People

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of acrylic cement (PMMA) mixed with calcium sulfate combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic fracture (OVCF). METHODS: The clinical data of 191 patients with OVCF treated with PKP from January 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 82 patients with 94 vertebral bodies were treated with PMMA mixed with calcium sulfate as the observation group, and 109 patients with 125 vertebral bodies were treated with pure PMMA as the control group. Among the 82 patients in the observation group, there were 16 males and 66 females, with a mean age of (75.35±11.22) years old, including 36 thoracic vertebrae and 58 lumbar vertebrae. In the control group, there were 109 patients, 22 males and 87 females, with an average age of (74.51±9.21) years old, including 63 thoracic vertebrae and 62 lumbar vertebrae. The visual analog scale (VAS) before operation and 1 day, 3 months and 1 year after operation were calculated. The Oswestry disability index (ODI), Cobb's angle, vertebral body height and the probability of postoperative bone cement leakage were used to analyze the efficacy of the two groups. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up for more than one year. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in operation time, bleeding volume and bone cement injection volume between the two groups(P>0.05), while the leakage rate of bone cement was significantly lower in the observation group (P<0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in VAS, ODI, Cobb angle, and vertebral body height between the two groups before operation, and 1 day, 3 months, and 1 year after operation (P>0.05), but each index was improved compared with that before operation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PMMA mixed with calcium sulfate has equivalent efficacy in treating OVCF than PMMA alone, but can effectively reduce the probability of cement leakage.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Middle Aged ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Calcium Sulfate/therapeutic use* ; Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery* ; Bone Cements/therapeutic use* ; Kyphoplasty ; Retrospective Studies ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery*

【Objective】 To detect the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in blood donors in Guangzhou, so as to provide laboratory data support for the collection and clinical use of convalescent plasma. 【Methods】 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured by ELISA in qualified donors. Among them, 326 donors who gave blood in February 2023 were tested for IgG antibodies, 444 donors were tested for neutralizing antibodies. In July 2023, 398 donors were tested for IgG and IgM. 【Results】 399 of 724 blood samples diluted with normal saline (1∶160) were IgG reactive, with a reactive rate of 55.11%. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in the reactive rate of IgG among samples collected at different times (25.46% in February vs 79.40% in July, χ²=210.74, P<0.01, 95%CI: 7.97, 15.98), but there was no significant difference in the reactive rate between different genders and different age groups. IgM was detected in 5 of 398 blood samples, with a reactive rate of 1.26%. The IgG test results of these five blood donors were all reactive, whereas the nucleic acid test results were negative. Neutralizing antibody was detected in 440 of 444 blood samples, with a reactive rate of 99.10%, and 71.59% of the reactive donors had a neutralizing antibody level of 10 μg/mL or more. 【Conclusion】 Blood donors in Guangzhou have a high level of SARS-CoV-2 antibody, which is sufficient to provide convalescent plasma for clinical treatment.

Objective: To investigate the association between metabolically healthy obesity and the incident risk of stroke in people aged ≥40 years from rural areas of Henan Province. Methods: During 2007 to 2008, 20 194 residents aged ≥18 years were selected for baseline examination by random cluster sampling and 17 265 participants were followed up during 2013 to 2014. According to the aim of current study, a total of 11 864 eligible subjects were included in this post-hoc analysis. Depending on body mass index and metabolic status, subjects were divided into four groups: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obesity. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and the risk of stroke. Results: The median (Q₁, Q₃) age of study participants was 54(46, 61) years, and 4 526 participants were men. During the mean follow-up of 6 years, the cumulative incidence of stroke was 7.16%. The incidence of stroke in metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight, and metabolically abnormal obesity were 3.73%, 4.61%, 8.99% and 9.38%, respectively (χ²=117.458, P<0.001). After adjusting possible confounding factors, compared with metabolically healthy normal weight, the risk of stroke was significantly increased in the metabolically healthy obesity group, metabolically abnormal normal weight group and metabolically abnormal obesity group with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.52(1.10-2.12), 2.11(1.61-2.77) and 2.78(2.18-3.55), respectively. Stratified analysis showed that the risk of stroke was significantly higher in metabolically healthy obesity people aged 40-59 years compared with metabolically healthy normal weight group (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.36-3.30). Conclusion: Metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obesity are positively associated with the risk of stroke.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications* ; Obesity, Metabolically Benign/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/epidemiology*

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic in Ejina banner, Inner Mongolia, in October 2021 and provide evidence for the improvement of COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods: The information about the time, area and population distributions of COVID-19 cases in Ejina before November 13, 2021 and the gene sequencing result of the isolates were collected for a statistical descriptive analysis. Results: The first COVID-19 case in Ejina occurred on 7 October, 2021. A total of 164 COVID-19 cases were reported from October 19 to November 12. Most cases were distributed in 6 communities in Darahub (156 cases, 95.12%). The result of full gene sequencing of the isolates indicted that the pathogen was Delta variant (B.1.617.2). The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.3∶1. The age of cases ranged from 1 to 85 years, and the cases aged 20-59 years accounted for 78.66%. The main clinical symptoms were sore throat (91 cases, 91.92%), cough (49 cases, 49.49%) and fever (23 cases, 23.23%). Most cases were ordinary ones (81 cases, 49.39%) and mild ones (68 cases, 41.46%). The cases were mainly detected at the isolation points (84 cases, 51.22%) and through population based nucleic acid testing (62 cases, 37.80%). The basic reproduction number (R₀) of COVID-19 was 5.3, the average incubation period was 3.9 days. The local government rapidly started Ⅳ level emergency response and conducted 10 rounds of nucleic acid tests. The transferring of travelers reduced the risk for the further spread of COVID-19 in Ejina. Conclusions: The epidemic of COVID-19 in Ejina characterized by strong transmission, short incubation period, herd susceptibility and case clustering. Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the pathogen, which might be imported from Zeke port. Comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as closed-loop management and vaccination, should be continued. The successful transferring of the patients and travelers provided evidence for the effective and precise prevention and control of COVID-19 in a routine manner.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Epidemics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Young Adult

An UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method was employed to characterize and classify the chemical components of the standard decoction of Yiguanjian, a classical famous recipe. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity HSS T3(2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.8 μm) column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid water-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile using gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Mass spectrometry was performed on electrospray ionization source(ESI) with positive and negative ion scanning modes. The potential compounds were identified by comparing the reference compounds, analyzing the mass spectrometry data and matching the published articles on Masslynx 4.1 software and SciFinder database. Finally, a total of 113 compounds, including 11 amino acids, 19 terpenoids, 13 phthalides, 11 steroidal saponins, 10 coumarins, 9 alkaloids, 7 flavonoids, 8 phenylethanoid glycosides, 8 organic acids and 17 other categories were identified. The established method systematically and accurately characterized the chemical components in Yiguanjian, which could provide experimental evidences for the subsequent studies on the pharmacodynamical material basis and quality control of Yiguanjian.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Flavonoids/analysis* ; Formates ; Glycosides/analysis* ; Prescriptions