Eight previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids, including five nortriterpenoids with 26 carbons, ganothenoids A-E (1-5), and three lanostanoids, ganothenoids F-H (6-8), along with 24 known ones (9-32), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganodrma theaecolum. The structures of the novel compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations. Compounds 1-32 were assessed for their neuroprotective effects against H₂O₂-induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, as well as their inhibitory activities against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. Compound 4 demonstrated the most potent neuroprotective activity against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress by suppressing G₀/G₁ phase cell cycle arrest, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and inhibiting cell apoptosis through modulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax) protein expression. Compounds 26, 12, and 28 exhibited PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.92 to 56.94 μmol·L^-1, while compound 12 alone displayed significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase with an IC₅₀ value of 43.56 μmol·L^-1. Additionally, enzyme kinetic analyses and molecular docking simulations were conducted for compounds 26 and 12 with PTP1B and α-glucosidase, respectively.
Humans ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry* ; Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification* ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism* ; Ganoderma/chemistry* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Hydrogen Peroxide/toxicity* ; Molecular Docking Simulation

The chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Tremella sanguinea were separated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,and RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis,as well as comparisons with the data reported in the literature. Sixteen compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of T. sanguinea,which were identified as( 22 E)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,9( 11),22-trien-3β-ol( 1),( 22 E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol( 2),cerevisterol( 3),ergosta-7-ene-3β,5α,6β-triol( 4),( 22 E)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol( 5),ergosta-7-en-3β-ol( 6),4-hydroxy-methylincisterol( 7),2-pyrrolidone( 8),nicotinamide( 9),1-( 3-indolyl)-3-dihydroxypropan-1-one( 10),yangambin( 11),linoleic acid( 12),( 9 Z,12 Z,15 Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadeca-trienoate( 13),( 9 Z,12 Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-octadeca-dienoate( 14),crypticin B( 15)and 3-phenyllactic acid( 16). All compounds were isolated from T. sanguinea for the first time. Except for compounds 6,9 and 12,the remained compounds were isolated from the genus Tremella for the first time.
Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure

Antrodia camphorata, a well-known and highly valued edible medicinal mushroom with intriguing activities like liver protection, has been traditionally used for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. A. camphorata shows highly medicinal and commercial values with the demand far exceeds the available supply. Thus, the petri-dish cultured A. camphorata (PDCA) is expected to develope as a substitute. In this paper, nineteen triterpenes were isolated from PDCA, and thirteen of them were the unique anthroic acids in A. camphorata, including the main content antcin K, which suggested that PDCA produced a large array of the same anthroic acids as the wild one. Furthermore, no obvious acute toxicity was found suggesting the edible safety of PDCA. In mice alcohol-induced liver injury model, triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) had been reduced by the PDCA powder as well as the main content antcin K, which indicated that the PDCA could protect alcoholic liver injury in mice model and antcin K could be the effective component responsible for the hepatoprotective activities of PDCA against alcoholic liver diseases.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Animals ; Antrodia ; chemistry ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Biological Products ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cholestenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol, VLDL ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethanol ; toxicity ; Female ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; prevention & control ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Chemical constituents were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma australe by various column chromatographic techniques and HPLC method, and their chemical structures were identified through the combined analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Meanwhile, their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and anti-oxidative ability were evaluated. Seven compounds were isolated from G. australe and were identified as 6-methoxyl-cyclo-(Phe-Ile)(1), applanoxidic acid A methyl ester(2), ergosta-7,22 E-dien-3β-ol(3), cinnamic acid(4), 5α,8α-epidioxy-(20S,22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-diene-3β-ol(5), 1-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanone(6), salicylic acid(7) and benzoic acid(8). Among the compounds, compound 1 was a new cyclic dipeptide. Compound 2 was a new lanosta natural product, and compounds 4, 6, 7 and 8 were obtained from G. australe for the first time. Moreover, compounds 4 and 8 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with inhibition rates of 36.8% and 34.7%, and compounds 4, 7 and 8 had a certain activity in DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC_(50) values of 0.168, 0.458 and 0.170 g·L~(-1), respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging rate of compound 1 was 41.1%.
Free Radical Scavengers ; isolation & purification ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry ; Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the roots of Osbeckia opipara.

METHODRepeated column chromatography over silica gel, RP-18 and Sephadex LH-20, and preparative thin layer chromatography(PTLC) were used to isolate the compounds, whose structures were determined by spectroscopic methods by direct comparing spectral data with those reported references.

RESULTFrom the MeOH extract of the roots O. opipara, twelve compounds were isolated and identified as follows: lasiodiplodin (1) , de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (2), 2, 3- dihydro-2-hydroxy-2, 4-dimethyl-5-trans-propenylfuran-3-one (3), integracin (4), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (5), 3, 3', 4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid (6), 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (7), vomifolio (8) , betulintic acid (9), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (10), (24R)-stigmast-4-ene-3-one (11), and eugenitin (12).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-12 were isolated from O. opipara for the first time.

Cholestenones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fermentation ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry ; Melastomataceae ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo optimize the extracting condition for triterpenoids from the fruits of Ganoderma lucidum by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE).

METHODOptimum extraction conditions were studied by orthogonal tests. The total triterpenoids were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and ganoderic acid B was determined by RP-HPLC.

RESULTThe optimal extraction conditions were that the pressure 25 MPa, the temperature was 45 degrees C, the extraction time was 1.5 hour, and the ethanol was employed as modifier carrier at the volume of 3 mL x g(-1).

CONCLUSIONSFE is superior and it is feasible to extract triterpenoids from fruits of Ganoderma lucidum.

Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Triterpenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the dried sorophore of cultured Cordyceps militaris.

METHODCompounds were isolated and purified by macroporous adsorption resin and silica gel column chromatography. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data (IR, FAB-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR).

RESULTNine compounds were isolated and identified as: ergosta-4, 6, 8 (14)-tetraen-3-one (1), citrostadienol (2), tetracosanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl ester (3), ergosterol (4), ergosterol peroxide (5), ergosta-7, 22-dien-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol (6), cordycepin (7), adenosine (8), N-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (9), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-3, 6, 9 were separated from the sorophore of cultured C. militaris for the first time.

Cordyceps ; chemistry ; Culture Techniques ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Boletus vioaceo-fuscus.

METHODThe compounds were isolated with column chromatography. The structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus vioaceo-fiuscus. They were identified as ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3beta-ol (1), dihydrofuran-2, 5-dione (2), (22E, 24R)-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxyergosta-8, 22-diene-3beta, 7alpha-diol (3), (22E, 24R)-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxyergosta-8 (14), 22-diene-3beta, 7alphadiol (4), cerebroside B (5) and adenosine (6), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll the Compounds were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Boletus vioaceo-fiscus for the first time.

Adenosine ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; Cerebrosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry ; Phytosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang.

METHODTo isolated the compounds by silica gel and sephadex LH -20 column chromatography and their structures were elucidate by means of spectral analysis.

RESULTSix sterols, one fatty acid and one of diketopiperazines were obtained from CHCl3 fraction of EtOH extract and identified as ergosta-7, 22-dien-3beta-ol (1), ergosterol (2), 6, 9-epidioxyergosta-7, 22-dien-3beta-ol (3), 5, 8-epidioxiergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (4), ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-one (5), beta-sitosterol (6), alpha-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid (7), cyclo (D-Pro-D-Val) (8).

CONCLUSIONComponds 1-8 are isolated from G. sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang for the first time.

Chromatography, Gel ; methods ; Ergosterol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal ; chemistry ; Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods