Acute myocarditis is clinically rare in children, but poses a significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Children with myocarditis show a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from subclinical myocarditis to heart failure, hemodynamic compromise, arrhythmia, and even sudden death. Salmonella species are associated with clinical presentations including gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteremia, and extra-intestinal focal infections. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections usually cause self-limiting gastroenteritis, but are rarely associated with myocarditis. In this report, we present a case of myocarditis associated with Salmonella serogroup B gastroenteritis in a previously healthy 15-year-old boy.
Adolescent ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Bacteremia ; Child ; Death, Sudden ; Focal Infection ; Gastroenteritis ; Heart Failure ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocarditis ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella ; Serogroup ; Typhoid Fever

In the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, patients with trismus can be easily identified. If the cause of trismus is infection of the masticatory space near the pterygoid plexus, the possibility of cavernous sinus thrombosis should be considered. We report the case of a patient who presented with limited mouth opening and progressed to cavernous sinus thrombosis, along with a review of the relevant literature.
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis* ; Focal Infection, Dental ; Humans ; Mouth ; Surgery, Oral ; Trismus*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and cause of reamputation with respect to the location of foot amputation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients who received amputations below the ankle level from March 2002 to September 2012 with at least 1 year follow-up were enrolled in this study. We stratified the site of the initial amputation from first to fifth ray and into either the phalanx or metatarsal bone, and investigated the cause of reamputation. RESULTS: The reamputation rate below the ankle level was 53.5%. It was highest (62.1%) in patients with first ray amputations without statistical significance. Rays were divided into two columns, first to third rays as the medial column and others as the lateral column, and reamputation was performed in 61.2% of patients with medial column amputation. Comparing the results between phalanx and metatarsal amputations, reamputation was performed in 62.1% of patients with metatarsal bone amputation. The rate of reamputation was statistically significant in both the medial column and metatarsal amputations. The most common reamputation site, in accordance to the initial site of amputation, was the adjacent ray (57.4%), which was without statistical significance. Moreover, the most common cause of reamputation was osteomyelitis and focal infection in all rays. CONCLUSION: This study showed that reamputation after amputation below the ankle level was relatively common with highest rate in medial column and metatarsal amputations. Hence, surgeons should be aware of the risk of reamputation and put more preventive effort during medial column and metatarsal amputations.
Amputation* ; Ankle ; Focal Infection ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metatarsal Bones ; Osteomyelitis

Cavernous sinus thrombosis not only presents with constitutional symptoms including fever, pain and swelling but also with specific findings such as proptosis, chemosis, periorbital swelling, and cranial nerve palsies. It is known to occur secondary to the spread of paranasal sinus infections in the nose, ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses. However, paranasal sinus infection of dental origin is rare. The following is a case of cavernous sinus thrombosis due to the spread of an abscess in the buccal and pterygomandibular spaces via buccal mucosal laceration.
Abscess ; Cavernous Sinus ; Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis* ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Exophthalmos ; Fever ; Focal Infection, Dental ; Lacerations ; Nose ; Sepsis

Bartonella henselae causes cat-scratch disease, bacteremia, and various focal infections. Despite the worldwide occurrence of B. henselae infections, reports in humans are rare in Korea. The clinical manifestation of all 5 previously reported cases was lymphadenopathy. Herein, we report a case of bacteremia in a woman who presented with prolonged fever. B. henselae was isolated from a blood specimen by cell culture. Conventional polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic space region confirmed the isolate to be B. henselae. The patient had no underlying immunocompromising conditions and no recent exposure to animals. She was successfully managed with a combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine.
Animals ; Bacteremia* ; Bartonella henselae* ; Bartonella* ; Cat-Scratch Disease ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chloroquine ; Doxycycline ; Female ; Fever ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Focal Infection ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Korea* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Non-typhoidal Salmonella species are important foodborne pathogens that can cause gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and subsequent focal infections. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is problematic, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Any anatomical site can be affected by this pathogen via hematogenous seeding and may develop local infections. However, cervical lymphadenitis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella species is rarely reported. Herein, we have reported a case of cervical lymphadenitis caused by group D non-typhoidal Salmonella associated with lymphoma.
Bacteremia ; Focal Infection ; Gastroenteritis ; Immunocompromised Host ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphoma ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Infections ; Seeds

Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a type of well-known foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and subsequent focal infection. Moreover, colonic ulcers, caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, are considered uncommon in children. We report on the case of a 32-month-old healthy female with diffuse left-side colonic ulcers that presented with copious hematochezia, caused by a Salmonella enteritidis infection.
Bacteremia ; Child ; Colon ; Female ; Focal Infection ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Preschool Child ; Salmonella ; Salmonella enteritidis ; Salmonella Infections ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: Autologous fat graft is a widely accepted technique used for soft tissue augmentation. Nonetheless, the use of fat graft is limited due to unpredictable survival rates and repeated grafting. To avoid repeated grafting, cryopreserved fat graft technique has recently been widely used. On the other hand, the number of patients with chronic infection (who received cryopreserved fat injection) has currently been increasing. This study is focused on the safety of cryopreserved fat injection from the infection. METHODS: We collected 150 samples from local aesthetic clinics to examine the safety of cryopreserved autologous fat. To test for microbacterial contaminations of the cryopreserved fat specimens, microbacterial cultures & antibiotics sensitivity tests were performed. Then, we examined possible correlation between the preservation period and donor sites, focused on the results of microbacterial culture. RESULTS: Cultures were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis in 5 samples (methicillinresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in 4 samples), Micrococcus species in 3 samples. An average duration of preservation was 191 days and there found no significant correlation between the duration of preservation and microbacterial growth. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus epidermidis was the leading cause of cryopreserved fat contamination, and the resistance to methicillin is common. Based on the above results, aseptic handling of fat during harvesting and preservation appeared to be most important.
Adipose Tissue ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cryopreservation ; Focal Infection ; Hand ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; Methicillin ; Micrococcus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study investigated the predictive factors for identifying infection-prone febrile infants younger than three months. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 167 infants younger than three months with an axillary temperature >38degrees C who were hospitalized between 2006 and 2008. If they met any of the following criteria, positive blood culture, CSF WBC > or =11/mm3 or positive CSF culture, urinalysis WBC > or =6/HPF and positive urine culture, WBC > or =6/HPF on microscopic stool examination or positive stool culture, they were considered at high risk for severe infection. Infants with focal infection, respiratory infection or antibiotic administration prior to admission to the hospital were excluded. We evaluated the symptoms, physical examination findings, laboratory data, and the clinical course between the high risk and low risk groups for severe infection. RESULTS: The high-risk group included 77(46.1%) infants, and the most common diagnosis was urinary tract infection (51.9%). Factors, such as male sex, ESR and CRP were statistically different between the two groups. But, a multilinear regression analysis for severe infection showed that male and ESR factors are significant. CONCLUSION: We did not find the distinguishing symptoms and laboratory findings for identifying severe infection-prone febrile infants younger than three months. However, the high-risk group was male and ESR-dominated, and these can possibly be used as predictive factors for severe infection.
Focal Infection ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections

Clinical manifestations of Salmonella infection are variable such as enterocolitis, bacteremia, enteric fever, focal infection and asymptomatic carrier status. Among these presentations, enterocolitis is the most common clinical manifestation and can be diagnosed by the use of fecal specimens. Patients with severe infectious colitis are at increased risk of developing a colon perforation after colonoscopy due to colon trauma. We report a case of a 31-year-old woman with transverse colon perforation after colonoscopy that was diagnosed with enterocolitis caused by infection with non-typhoidal group D Salmonella.
Adult ; Bacteremia ; Colitis ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonoscopy ; Enterocolitis ; Female ; Focal Infection ; Humans ; Megacolon, Toxic ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Infections ; Typhoid Fever