BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (F-18 FDG PET/CT) for patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and examined the association between FDG avidity and the clinical factors affecting lesions. METHODS: Among the patients diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma, 16 who underwent a PET/CT for gastric MALT lymphoma were semi-quantitatively and qualitatively tested for FDG avidity of lesions in the stomach. Retrospectively collected data was analyzed to investigate the clinicoradiological factors and endoscopic findings between the patients with positive F-18 FDG PET/CT scans and those with negative scans. RESULTS: Eight of the 16 patients showed FDG avidity. When comparing the size of lesions in the stomach, the patients with FDG avidity had significantly larger lesions than those without (28.8 mm vs. 15.0 mm, p=0.03). The FDG-avid group has a significantly higher rate of positive CT scans than the non-avid group (75% vs. 13%, p=0.03). According to the endoscopic finding of the lesions, FDG avidity was pronounced with 75% of the protruding tumors, and 100% of the erosive-ulcerative types, which are a type of depressed tumors. CONCLUSIONS: When gastric MALT lymphoma is large, when lesions are found using abdominal CT scans, and the macroscopic appearance of a lesion is that of a protruding tumor or erosive-ulcerative type of depressed tumor, there is a high probability that such patients may have a positive F-18 FDG PET/CT scan.
Aged ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry/metabolism ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare the diagnostic accuracy of (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT and (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT for solitary pulmonary nodules.

METHODSA total of 88 cases suspected of solitary pulmonary nodules were analyzed retrospectively, of whom 36 were examined with (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT and 52 with (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT. The nature of the solitary pulmonary nodules (malignant or benign) were determined according to the pathological or follow-up (>2 years) results. The diagnostic accuracy of the two modalities for solitary pulmonary nodules was evaluated by ROC curve. The correlation of the lesion size and pathological grade determined by the two modalities with the L/N ratio was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis.

RESULTS(18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT and (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT showed a similar area under curve (AUC) of the L/N ratio (0.92 vs 0.88, P=0.565) with diagnostic sensitivities of 76.92% (20/26) and 80.77% (21/26) and specificities of 100% (10/10) and 88.46% (23/26), respectively. For solitary pulmonary nodules with lesion diameter ≤2 cm, the AUC was 1.00 with (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT and 0.90 with (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT (P=0.746), while for nodules beyond 2 cm but below 3 cm, the AUCs were 0.79 and 0.89, respectively (P<0.001). In either of the two modalities, correlation analysis revealed no correlation of the L/N ratio with the pathological grade of the malignant lesions (P=0.771 and 0.077, respectively). The L/N ratio was not correlated with the size of the malignant lesion detected by (99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT (P=0.516) but was significantly correlated with the size of the malignant lesions detected by (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT (P=0.016).

CONCLUSION(99)Tc(m)-MIBI SPECT/CT has a greater diagnostic accuracy than (18)F-FDG coincidence SPECT/CT for solitary pulmonary nodules with lesion a diameter beyond 2 cm, and is therefore the primary choice for low-income patients.

Area Under Curve ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; chemistry ; Humans ; ROC Curve ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi ; chemistry ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A 48-year-old woman presented with a 50-day history of irregular vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound indicated an extremely large occupying lesion in the pelvic cavity that was highly suggestive of malignancy. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed to further assess the nature of pelvic abnormality. PET/CT images demonstrated a diffusely lobulated mass ranging from cervix up to the inferior pole of kidneys with mild FDG uptake. Simultaneously, multiple nodules in bilateral lungs and a hypodense lesion in the right ventricle were shown without FDG-avidity. Based on the imaging results, the presumptive diagnosis was uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension and pulmonary benign metastases, which was subsequently confirmed by MRI and the lesion biopsy.
Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/pathology/radiography ; Leiomyomatosis/pathology/*radiography ; Lung Neoplasms/radiography/*secondary ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uterine Neoplasms/pathology/radiography ; Vena Cava, Inferior/pathology

Standardized uptake value (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) have been considered prognostic factors for survival in many cancers. However, their prognostic value for radiotherapy-treated squamous esophageal cancer has not been evaluated. In this study, SUV, MTV, and TLG were measured to predict their prognostic role in overall survival (OS) in 38 esophageal cancer patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT before radiotherapy. TLG demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity for predicting OS than MTV and SUV; and a better OS was observed in patients with low TLG compared to those with high TLG in locally advanced disease (OS, 46.9 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 33.50-60.26 vs. 25.3 months; 95% CI, 8.37-42.28; P=0.003). Multivariate analyses in these patients determined that TLG and the use of combination chemotherapy were the independent prognostic factors for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 7.12; 95% CI, 2.038-24.857; P=0.002 and HR, 6.76; 95% CI, 2.149-21.248; P=0.001, respectively). These results suggest that TLG is an independent prognostic factor for OS and a better predictor of survival than MTV and SUV in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with radiotherapy.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Area Under Curve ; Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*radiography ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Glycolysis/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; ROC Curve ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*chemistry ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The purpose of this study was to estimate average radiation exposure from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations and to analyze possible factors affecting the radiation dose. A nation-wide questionnaire survey was conducted involving all institutions that operate PET/CT scanners in Korea. From the response, radiation doses from injected FDG and CT examination were calculated. A total of 105 PET/CT scanners in 73 institutions were included in the analysis (response rate of 62.4%). The average FDG injected activity was 310 +/- 77 MBq and 5.11 +/- 1.19 MBq/kg. The average effective dose from FDG was estimated to be 5.89 +/- 1.46 mSv. The average CT dose index and dose-length product were 4.60 +/- 2.47 mGy and 429.2 +/- 227.6 mGycm, which corresponded to 6.26 +/- 3.06 mSv. The radiation doses from FDG and CT were significantly lower in case of newer scanners than older ones (P < 0.001). Advanced PET technologies such as time-of-flight acquisition and point-spread function recovery were also related to low radiation dose (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the average radiation dose from FDG PET/CT is estimated to be 12.2 mSv. The radiation dose from FDG PET/CT is reduced with more recent scanners equipped with image-enhancing algorithms.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Humans ; Infant ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; *Radiation Dosage ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; *Whole Body Imaging

We report a rare case of primary pulmonary low-grade angiosarcoma on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. A 38-year-old, asymptomatic woman was hospitalized because of an abnormality on chest radiography. A dynamic contrast-enhanced chest CT showed a 1.2 cm-sized irregular-margined nodule with strong and persistent enhancement in the right lower lobe. The lesion had low metabolic activity on an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. The patient underwent a wedge resection for the lesion, and pathology revealed a primary pulmonary low-grade angiosarcoma.
Adult ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*chemistry ; Hemangiosarcoma/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Multimodal Imaging ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*chemistry ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Cancer is one of the main causes of death for human beings. Clinical oncologists increasingly rely upon imaging for diagnosis, stage, response assessment, and follow-up in cancer patient. However, 18F-FDG is not a tumor specific agent, inflammation and infection also have intensive uptake of 18F-FDG, resulting in false positive diagnosis, and some tumors have low uptake of 18F-FDG or even do not uptake 18F-FDG, leading to false negative diagnosis. So it is urgent to develop non-18F-FDG novel tumor targeting agent. Recently, a large number of researches in vitro have demonstrated that berberine has anti-tumor activity against a variety of tumor cells by inducing tumor cell apoptosis through inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain etc. So far, there is no credible evidence of berberine targeting in tumor in vivo. We proposed a hypothesis that berberine has the characteristics of tumor targeting biodistribution in vivo, and verified the proposal by 18F-berberine PET/CT imaging in VX2 muscle tumor-bearing rabbit model. In this review, we intend to give an overview of the progress of berberine anticancer, the structural bases of berberine anticancer and the uderlying molecular mechanisms of berberine anticancer indentified so far. We also introduce the first visualization of 18F labeled berberine derivatives targeting tumor in VX2 muscle tumor-bearing rabbit model by PET/CT. These breakthrough findings suggest that 18F-berberine derivatives as a potential PET/CT tumor targeted molecular imaging agent may have important implications for cancer targeting therapy, molecular imaging and modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Berberine ; chemistry ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Imaging ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tissue Distribution ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: In this study, there was an investigation as to whether there is a functional difference in essential tremor (ET), according to responses to beta-blockers, by evaluating regional changes in cerebral glucose metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen male patients with ET were recruited and categorized into two groups: 8 that responded to medical therapy (group A); and 9 that did not respond to medical therapy (group B). Eleven age-sex matched healthy control male subjects were also included in this study. All subjects underwent F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, and evaluated for their severity of tremor symptoms, which were measured as a score on the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale (FTM). The FDG-PET images were analyzed using a statistical parametric mapping program. RESULTS: The mean FTM score 6 months after the initiation of propranolol therapy was significantly lower in group A (18.13 > 8.13), compared with group B (14.67 = 14.67). The glucose metabolism in group A in the left basal ganglia was seen to be decreased, compared with group B. The ET showed a more significantly decreased glucose metabolism in both the fronto-temporo-occipital lobes, precuneus of right parietal lobe, and both cerebellums compared with the healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Essential tremor is caused by electrophysiological disturbances within the cortical-cerebellar networks and degenerative process of the cerebellum. Furthermore, ET may have different pathophysiologies in terms of the origin of disease according to the response to first-line therapy.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Aged ; Brain/*drug effects/metabolism/radiography ; Brain Mapping ; Essential Tremor/*diagnosis/drug therapy/radiography ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/*chemistry ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Propranolol/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Radiopharmaceuticals/*chemistry

Here we report a case of 41-year-old man with a soft tissue density mass at right upper lung and palpable abscesses at right upper backside and right wrist. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography demonstrated a 7.8 × 5.0 cm mass with soft-tissue density in the upper lobe of the right lung with high metabolic activity. The infiltrative mass extended to adjacent chest wall soft tissue. Final diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis with multiple abscesses was made. The patient responded well to antibiotics treatment.
Abscess ; Actinomycosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Male ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A large number of major cardiovascular events occur in patients due to minimal or some lumen narrowing of the coronary artery. Recent biological studies have shown that the biological composition or vulnerability of the plaque is more critical for plaque rupture compared to the degree of stenosis. To overcome the limitations of anatomical images, molecular imaging techniques have been suggested as promising imaging tools in various fields. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), which is widely used in the field of oncology, is an example of molecular probes used in atherosclerotic plaque evaluation. FDG is a marker of plaque macrophage glucose utilization and inflammation, which is a prominent characteristic of vulnerable plaque. Recently, F-18 fluoride has been used to visualize vulnerable plaque in clinical studies. F-18 fluoride accumulates in regions of active microcalcification, which is normally observed during the early stages of plaque formation. More studies are warranted on the accumulation of F-18 fluoride and plaque formation/vulnerability; however, due to high specific accumulation, low background activity, and easy accessibility, F-18 fluoride is emerging as a promising non-invasive imaging probe to detect vulnerable plaque.
Atherosclerosis/pathology/*radiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; *Positron-Emission Tomography ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed