Orbital lymphoma is a rare malignancy, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a less common but more aggressive subtype. It commonly manifests with progressive proptosis and visual disturbances mimicking conditions such as thyroid eye disease, benign masses, or idiopathic orbital inflammation. A 69-year-old woman presented with right eye proptosis secondary to a progressively enlarging temporal orbital mass. Her condition rapidly deteriorated, with worsening visual acuity, increased proptosis, and elevated intraocular pressure. Imaging revealed an extraconal orbital lesion with widespread systemic involvement, including lytic lesions, hypermetabolic lymph nodes, splenomegaly and skeletal involvement. Fine needle aspiration confirmed DLBCL. She was treated with six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy (Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin, and Prednisone) and intrathecal methotrexate. Her symptoms resolved, and vision was restored. This case highlights the importance of considering orbital lymphoma as a potential indicator of disseminated disease, and prompt diagnosis and interventions can restore visual functions.

Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been found to improve cardiometabolic health outcome as compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. However, there is still limited data on the benefits of HIIT on the expression of regulatory proteins that are linked to skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity in obese adults. This study investigated the effects of HIIT intervention on expressions of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and adiponectin receptor-1 (AdipoR1), insulin sensitivity (HOMAIR index), and body composition in overweight/obese individuals. Methods: Fifty overweight/obese individuals aged 22-29 years were assigned to either no-exercise control (n=25) or HIIT (n=25) group. The HIIT group underwent a 12-week intervention, three days/week, with intensity of 65-80% of age-based maximum heart rate. Anthropometric measurements, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and gene expression analysis were conducted at baseline and post intervention. Results: Significant time-by-group interactions (p<0.001) were found for body weight, BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage. The HIIT group had lower body weight (2.3%, p<0.001), BMI (2.7%, p<0.001), waist circumference (2.4%, p<0.001) and body fat percentage (4.3%, p<0.001) post intervention. Compared to baseline, expressions of PGC-1α and AdipoR1 were increased by approximately three-fold (p=0.019) and two-fold (p=0.003) respectively, along with improved insulin sensitivity (33%, p=0.019) in the HIIT group. Conclusion: Findings suggest that HIIT possibly improved insulin sensitivity through modulation of PGC-1α and AdipoR1. This study also showed that improved metabolic responses can occur despite modest reduction in body weight in overweight/obese individuals undergoing HIIT intervention.