As one of the most common pathogens in aquatic animals, Aeromonas hydrophila exhibits a wide range of pathogenicity. Due to factors like unreasonable use of antibiotics and horizontal gene transfer mediated by plasmids, many resistant strains of Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated from ready-to-eat seafood products in retail markets, supermarkets and restaurants. These strains carry many resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to explore the key control points, and seek for prevention and control strategies so as to effectively alleviate antibiotic resistance. We review here the prevalence of drug resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila in China, and its main infection and resistance mechanisms, and the main means and strategies for reducing and preventing drug resistance. We also address further research directions and focus on drug resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila of the aquatic product.
Aeromonas hydrophila ; drug effects ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Fish Diseases ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Research

Mycobacterium marinum infection in humans occurs mainly as a granulomatous infection after exposure of traumatized skin to contaminated water. It is usually confined to the skin and soft tissue. Disseminated disease involving other organs rarely occurs in immunocompetent patients. Here, we report a case of disseminated M. marinum infection involving not only the cutaneous tissue, but also the lung of a male patient with uncontrolled diabetes and a previous history of steroid injection who was employed by a deep-water fishery.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Fisheries ; Humans ; Lung* ; Male ; Mycobacterium marinum* ; Mycobacterium* ; Skin ; Steroids ; Water

Mycobacterium marinum infection in humans occurs mainly as a granulomatous infection after exposure of traumatized skin to contaminated water. It is usually confined to the skin and soft tissue. Disseminated disease involving other organs rarely occurs in immunocompetent patients. Here, we report a case of disseminated M. marinum infection involving not only the cutaneous tissue, but also the lung of a male patient with uncontrolled diabetes and a previous history of steroid injection who was employed by a deep-water fishery.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Fisheries ; Humans ; Lung* ; Male ; Mycobacterium marinum* ; Mycobacterium* ; Skin ; Steroids ; Water

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the diabetic management indicators between agriculture, forestry, and fishery workers (AFF) and other occupational adults (non-AFF) in community-dwelling diabetes. METHODS: The study population consisted of 22,127 diabetic population ≥19 years who participated in the 2015 Community Health Survey. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was used to compare the diabetic management indicators between AFF and non-AFF. Socioeconomic characteristics such as age, gender, education level, monthly household income, National Basic Livelihood Security status, and marital status was sequentially adjusted. RESULTS: Among total diabetic population, 3,712 people (16.8%) was AFF and 18,415 people (83.2%) was non-AFF. The fully-adjusted odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) of current non-medical treatment (0.72, 0.66–0.79), measurement of hemoglobin A1c (0.61, 0.55–0.67), screening for diabetic retinopathy (0.76, 0.70–0.83), screening for diabetic nephropathy (0.75, 0.70–0.81), non-alcoholic or moderate drinking (0.70, 0.64–0.78), nutrition label reading (0.83, 0.71–0.98), low salt preference (0.85, 0.78–0.93), dental examination (0.60, 0.54–0.66), scaling experience (0.84, 0.77–0.93), regular toothbrushing (0.66, 0.58–0.76), and diabetes management education (0.84, 0.77–0.92) was significantly lower in AFF compared to non-AFF. In contrast, the fully-adjusted OR (95% CI) of AFF's low stress level (1.39, 1.26–1.52) and adequate sleep duration (1.22, 1.13–1.32) was significantly higher than non-AFF, which are better indicators of diabetic management in AFF. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the level of diabetes management of AFF was not as good as that of non-AFF. In order to improve the level of diabetes management of AFF, a delicate diabetes intervention strategy considering the occupational characteristics of AFF will be needed.
Adult ; Agriculture* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Disease Management ; Drinking ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Farmers ; Fisheries* ; Forestry* ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Toothbrushing

OBJECTIVES: Confirmation of Kudoa septempunctata (K. septempunctata) as the pathogenic agent causing acute food poisoning remains under debate owing to inconsistencies in the reproducibility of experimental evidence. Higher intake of olive flounder infected with K. septempunctata would result in increased diagnosis of food poisoning by K. septempunctata, if the latter was one of the causal agents of acute food poisoning. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the shipping amount of olive flounder aquacultured from Jejudo and the incidence of K. septempunctata food poisoning in 2015, Korea. METHODS: Data of shipping amounts between March 2014 and February 2016 and of monthly reported events of Kudoa food poisoning were taken from Jejudo Fish-Culture Fisheries Cooperatives and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. Non-parametric correlation analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Shipping amounts indicated the seasonal changes according to variation of consumption. Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau-a between the monthly shipping amounts and the reported events in 2015 were 0.39 (p=0.21) and 0.27 (p=0.20), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An independent relationship was noted between the shipping amount and the reported events, which contrasted with the claim that the virulence of K. septempunctata caused acute food poisoning.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Diagnosis ; Fisheries ; Flounder* ; Food Parasitology ; Foodborne Diseases* ; Incidence ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ; Jeju-do* ; Korea* ; Myxozoa ; Olea* ; Seasons ; Ships* ; Virulence

OBJECTIVES: Confirmation of Kudoa septempunctata (K. septempunctata) as the pathogenic agent causing acute food poisoning remains under debate owing to inconsistencies in the reproducibility of experimental evidence. Higher intake of olive flounder infected with K. septempunctata would result in increased diagnosis of food poisoning by K. septempunctata, if the latter was one of the causal agents of acute food poisoning. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the shipping amount of olive flounder aquacultured from Jejudo and the incidence of K. septempunctata food poisoning in 2015, Korea.METHODS: Data of shipping amounts between March 2014 and February 2016 and of monthly reported events of Kudoa food poisoning were taken from Jejudo Fish-Culture Fisheries Cooperatives and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. Non-parametric correlation analyses were conducted.RESULTS: Shipping amounts indicated the seasonal changes according to variation of consumption. Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau-a between the monthly shipping amounts and the reported events in 2015 were 0.39 (p=0.21) and 0.27 (p=0.20), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: An independent relationship was noted between the shipping amount and the reported events, which contrasted with the claim that the virulence of K. septempunctata caused acute food poisoning.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Diagnosis ; Fisheries ; Flounder ; Food Parasitology ; Foodborne Diseases ; Incidence ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ; Jeju-do ; Korea ; Myxozoa ; Olea ; Seasons ; Ships ; Virulence

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to analyze the index value trends of injured employed persons (IEPs) covered in Pakistan Labour Force Surveys from 2001-02 to 2012-13. METHODS: The index value method based on reference years and reference groups was used to analyze the IEP trends in terms of different criteria such as gender, area, employment status, industry types, occupational groups, types of injury, injured body parts, and treatment received. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was also performed to investigate the inter-relationship of different occupational variables. RESULTS: The values of IEP increased at the end of the studied year in industry divisions such as agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing, followed by in manufacturing and construction industry divisions. People associated with major occupations (such as skilled agricultural and fishery workers) and elementary (unskilled) occupations were found to be at an increasing risk of occupational injuries/diseases with an increasing IEP trend. Types of occupational injuries such as sprain or strain, superficial injury, and dislocation increased during the studied years. Major injured parts of body such as upper limb and lower limb found with increasing trend. Types of treatment received, including hospitalization and no treatment, were found to decrease. Increased IEP can be justified due to inadequate health care facilities, especially in rural areas by increased IEP in terms of gender, areas, received treatment, occupational groups and employment status as results found after Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. CONCLUSION: The increasing trend in the IEP% of the total employed persons due to agrarian activities shows that there is a need to improve health care setups in rural areas of Pakistan.
Agriculture ; Construction Industry ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dislocations ; Employment ; Fisheries ; Forestry ; Hospitalization ; Human Body ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Groups ; Occupational Injuries ; Occupations ; Pakistan* ; Sprains and Strains ; Upper Extremity

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the total injury experience rate and socioeconomic status based on the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: By analyzing data from the fourth KNHANES conducted from 2007 to 2009, we estimated the injury experience rate according to socioeconomic status, including the occupational characteristics of 11,837 subjects. Setting the injury experience rate as a dependent variable and socioeconomic status as an independent variable, we performed logistic regression to calculate odds ratios reflecting the likelihood of injury according to socioeconomic status while controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS: In 797 subjects who had injury experience over the past 1 year, 290 persons (36.4%) had a work-related injury. As their income, home value, and educational status increased, their injury experiences decreased. Among occupational groups, the craft, equipment, machine operating, and assembling workers showed the highest rate (10.6%) of injury experience, and the lowest rate (5.7%) was found in the unemployed group. After adjusting for the confounding variables, the experience of injury was significantly related to several socioeconomic factors: high income (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34-0.86), high home value (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43-0.96), low education status (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.52), and specific occupations such as craft, equipment, machine operating, and assembling work (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.60-2.47), skilled agriculture, forestry and fishery work (OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.02-2.01), and simple labor (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04-1.82). CONCLUSIONS: The injury experience rate differed depending on the socioeconomic status. A negative correlation was found between the injury experience rate and income, low home value, and education level. Moreover, a higher rate of injury experience was found in occupation groups and physical worker groups in comparison to the unemployed group and white-collar worker groups. This study would be useful in selecting appropriate priorities for injury management in Korea.
Agriculture ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Education ; Educational Status ; Fisheries ; Forestry ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Occupational Groups ; Occupations ; Odds Ratio ; Social Class* ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: In an effort to determine the characteristics of suicide, which is a serious social problem, we analyzed the relationship with gender, age, educational level, occupation, and suicidal attempt and completed suicide. The results of this study could serve as fundamental material for suicide preventive education and improvement of health. METHODS: General characteristics of completed suicide, attempted suicide, and total injured according to gender, age, educational level, and occupation were compared using the injury surveillance dataset, the material from in-depth investigation of patients in the emergency room. All injuries from suicidal attempts and completed suicide of suicidal attempts were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: The rate of injury by attempted suicide was higher in women than in men; however, completed suicide showed more male dominance, in comparison with other injuries. And, for age, the highest was observed for 30-40s. The lower educational attainment subgroup showed the highest level of attempt, and for the occupation, unemployed, skilled agriculture or fishery workers, soldiers, students, and housewives showed the highest value. CONCLUSION: Vulnerable demographic and socioeconomic groups, including women, low level of education, unemployed, skilled agriculture or fishery workers, soldiers, students, and housewives are weaken to attempted suicide, and intensive management, education, and supportive policy are necessary to those groups.
Agriculture ; Dataset ; Education ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Fisheries ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Occupations* ; Social Problems ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Suicide* ; Suicide, Attempted

In this study, trends in the sales of antimicrobials for use in livestock facilities and fisheries from 2003 to 2012 were investigated with regard to antimicrobial group, antimicrobial usage, and animal species. The overall amount of antimicrobials sold each year from 2003 to 2007 was 1,500 tons, after which they decreased, with the lowest sales being 936 tons in 2012. The total volume of antimicrobials used for feed additives decreased markedly by 94% from 2003 to 2012, which was mainly attributed to banning of feed additives. However, antimicrobial consumption through self prescription by farmers for disease prevention and treatment increased by 25% from 2003 to 2012. The largest volume of antimicrobials sold was for use in pigs (48~57%), followed by poultry (18~24%), fisheries (11~25%), and cattle (5~8%). Tetracycline was the highest selling antimicrobial, followed by penicillins and sulfonamides, although the overall sale of all three antimicrobials gradually decreased over the study period. This study demonstrated that the total consumption of antimicrobials has gradually decreased since 2008. Nevertheless, usage by nonprofessionals increased, which can ultimately cause emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, early establishment of veterinary prescription guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials is urgently needed in Korea.
Animals ; Cattle ; Commerce* ; Fisheries* ; Korea ; Livestock* ; Penicillins ; Poultry ; Prescriptions ; Sulfonamides ; Swine ; Tetracycline