BACKGROUND: Team-based learning is known for its effective and satisfying education methods in the study of various medical schools. This study was prepared to confirm the satisfaction of applying this team-based learning to the training course of emergency medical technician.METHODS: A total of 165 new members of the course of second grade National Emergency medical technician at 2019 were finally enrolled in the study. Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. The team-based learning method was organized with eight students per group to conduct pre-learning and then proceed to open book to encourage active discussion among individuals. The questionnaire consisted of questions about the satisfaction of the discussion process, such as whether the knowledge gained from the discussion was appropriate, and whether collaboration between colleagues was successful during the discussion, and about the benefits of team-based learning, how well knowledge transfer compared to existing lectures, and the replacement of existing lectures. The questionnaire used a Likert 5 point scale, and the data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS version 22.0.RESULTS: The overall rating of team-based learning was 7.8 ± 1.5 out of 10. Many students answered positively (88.5%) for benefits, while 87.9% responded positively to whether the knowledge transfer effect was better compared to existing lectures. In addition, the satisfaction of team-based learning was generally high, with more than 90 percent of education students giving positive answers to the replacement of other lectures with team-based learning.CONCLUSION: The learners gave positive answers to the satisfaction, usefulness and learning effects of team-based learning. Team-based learning is a discussion-based study, so it is a good way to improve communication skills. Since communication and teamwork are important in first aid activities, the characteristics of team-based learning could lead to improvements in first aid services, leading to high-quality emergency medical services.
Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; First Aid ; Humans ; Learning ; Lectures ; Methods ; Schools, Medical

To promote the clinical treatment technical training and popularization of traumatic shock and cardiac arrest, Health Emergency Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Specialized Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Specialized Committee of Henan Hospital Association jointly established "Chinese expert consensus on the clinical application of innovative first-aid resuscitation technology for traumatic shock in 2019". This consensus has solved the problem of volume resuscitated gel mix and ratio in the emergency situation of pre-hospital transfusion and blood products unable to be used in traumatic shock. Hypertonic gel compound liquid can treat traumatic shock with small dosage and good effect of stabilizing blood pressure, which can replace whole blood and other blood products, improve the safety of transport to hospital, and provide an opportunity for life-saving surgery. At the same time, abdominal lifting and compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has solved the difficulty of treating patients with post-traumatic cardiac arrest who cannot perform traditional chest compressive CPR, and greatly improved the success rate of pre-hospital treatment for patients with traumatic shock. In view of the actual demand of emergency medical treatment in China and the contraband of chest CPR for chest trauma, the combination of "administration, production, study, research and application" was adopted, and the abdominal lifting and compression CPR was successfully developed and popularized. This expert consensus summarized the scientific evidence on traumatic shock and traumatic cardiac arrest published at home and abroad so far, and put forward the expert consensus on the clinical application of innovative first-aid resuscitation technology for traumatic shock based on Chinese national conditions. This consensus incorporated the wisdom and philosophy of Chinese and foreign scholars in the training of traumatic shock and CPR, and would certainly make the training of traumatic shock and cardiac arrest in China entering a new stage with strong pertinence, quick onset, few side effects and high treatment rate.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods* ; China ; Consensus ; Diffusion of Innovation ; First Aid/methods* ; Heart Arrest/therapy* ; Humans ; Shock, Traumatic/therapy*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a first aid coaching program (FACP) and to investigate its effects on the first aid knowledge, confidence, and performance of childcare teachers. METHODS: A Delphi survey that included 16 experts was used to develop the FACP. A total of 60 participants were included to test the effectiveness of the program. The FACP developed using the survey results focused on improving first aid knowledge, confidence, and performance using a coaching-based method. First aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance was assessed using 39 items from the program content. RESULTS: Using a 3-round Delphi survey, 6 areas and 42 detailed topics for group and individual coaching programs were developed. The knowledge scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=4.24, p=.001). The confidence scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (F=3.89, p < .001). The performance scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=12.40, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Continuous application of the FACP among child care teachers is expected to minimize the harm caused by minor accidents at child care facilities. This program should be formally implemented on a consistent basis.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Delphi Technique ; First Aid* ; Health Education ; Humans ; Methods

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyse the content of health-textbooks in elementary school in order to offer the basic data required for development or revision of health-textbook for elementary school. METHODS: This study was methodological study of the content of health-textbooks. The study sample consisted of 10 health-textbooks of elementary school which were edited in 2009~2010. The components of contents divides into holistic analysis and specific areas. RESULTS: One textbook was no introductory remarks and 2 textbooks were no preface. The health-textbooks consisted of 7 areas and were comprehensive for school education. The proportion of each was different in 10 textbooks. Sexuality and health was accounted for the largest portion of the seven areas in both the fifth and sixth grade. However, given that the mortality rate for the child's safety accidents is higher than in developed countries, the proportion of accident prevention and first aid can be relatively weak area. CONCLUSION: It is essential that health-textbooks empower schoolers to make healthy decisions through the promotion of useful life skills that provide a more integrated concept of health. Therefore, there is a need for approaches to health textbook to integrate more values of health.
Accident Prevention ; Developed Countries ; Education ; First Aid ; Humans ; Methods ; Mortality ; Sexuality

This paper introduces how to develop a novel remote heart disease first-aid system with N-tier architecture. The system applies GpsOne communication technology and professional ECG signal collection technology to the embedded SCM. It can provide an accurate location of the patient and his essential ECG details for remote heart disease first-aid.
First Aid ; methods ; Heart Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Software Design ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; methods ; User-Computer Interface

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; complications ; therapy ; Drainage ; Female ; First Aid ; methods ; Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Trephining

The finger flexor injuries are very difficult to treat satisfactorily. It is usually said that the earlier the treatment performed, the better result obtained. But the delicasy of the hand anatomy and its function as well as the absence of the hand surgeon in the first aid care make the problem more complex. Even if we made the primary treatment to the flexor tendon injuries, some disabilities are often remained. We have treated fifty eight cases of old flexor tendon injuries in forty eight patients, the results can be summarized as follows. 1. The cause of the tendon damage is due to the laceration injury in the majorities of the cases. T,he tendon injuries are especially common between the late second and the early third decade. 2. In the injury of the Zone II with pulley distortion, the pulley reconstruction using palmaris longus or fascia from other sites will prevent bowstring and help the tendon function. 3. The Zone II can be subdivided into two subspecific areas. The proximal area is from the distal palmar crease to the midoprtion of porximal phalanx and the distal one is from the midportion of the proximal phalanx to the insertion of the sublimis tendon. In the proximal area one can repair the injured tendon directly after removal of the A1 and about proximal half of the A2 pulley without any subsequent bowstring if the tendon and its tunnel is relatively well preserved. Thus one can convert this proximal portion of Zone II to Zone III. So the proximal area of the Zone II should be differentiated from the remaining distal part of the Zone II. 4. At six months after the operation the result of the operation was analyzed by the percentage of the recovery, which was calculated by the postoperative active range of the interphalangeal joints divided by one hundred seventy five degrees that means the available total range of motion of normal interphalangeal joints. Excluding the cases with the tenodesis or arthrodesis, the total result revealed good or excellent in about ninty percentages with this method. 5. There were two fingers that showed a postoperative lumbrical plus state in Zone II, which were recovered spontaneously within three to four months postoperatively. So it is considered that the relative shortening of the lumbrical muscles can be treated and overcome conservatively by the active use of the fingers, and there is no need to perform an lumbrical tenotomy to correct this kind of muscle imbalance.
Arthrodesis ; Fascia ; Fingers ; First Aid ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Lacerations ; Methods ; Muscles ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Tenodesis ; Tenotomy ; Tibia