Objective To explore the relationship of HBV PreS1 antigen,anti-HBc IgM,DNA load and genotypes,and the significance for clinical diagnosis and prognostic.Methods Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay was used to test the HBV serum markers of HB patients; HBV-DNA copies was detected by time fluorescence quantitative PCR; using nested PCR to amplify the S fragment of HBV genome,then sequenc and make blast with HBV standard sequences to ascertain genotypes.Make comprehensive analysis of these indexes.Results 355 serum specimens of acute or chronic HB patients were collected.The positive rates of HBV PreS1-Ag and HBV-DNA in model Ⅰ (positive for HBeAg) were 80.2％ and 73.7％ respectively,which both higher than other models.The abnormal rate of ALT and AST were higher in PreS1-Ag positive group than negative,as well as in anti-HBc IgM positive group.There are 4 samples is genotype B (2.9％),76 genotype C(55.9％) and 56 genotype D (41.2％).Positive rate of HBeAg and HBV-DNA of genotype C samples were both higher than which of genotype B and D.Conclusion PreS1-Ag and Anti-HBe-IgM indexes are of great value to viral hepatitis B early diagnosis,HBV replication surveillance and prognostic evaluation; the major HBV genotypes in Henan province are C and D,and the positive rate of HBeAg and HBV-DNA were both higher in genotype C HBV infection population than genotype B and D.

Objective To investigate the approaches and the application effects of acceleration tolerance screening and training for fighter pilots,-Gx experience,dynamic flight simulation (DFS) experience and physiological evaluation of anti-G equipment on new human centrifuge. Methods ①Twenty-four pilots underwent the relaxed+Gz tolerance examination on a single degree of freedom centrifuge (Model 63) and on new human centrifuge for comparison.②One hundred high performance fighter pilots carried out centrifuge training.Among them,42 pilots were in passive control mode while the other 58 pilots were trained by close-loop mode.③Eight pilots experienced -1.5 Gx and-2.0 Gx on the new centrifuge.④Eighteen pilots performed aerobatic maneuvers,such as left spiral,right spiraI,split S loop,immelmann,and barrel roll in DFS awareness.⑤Six volunteers and 9 pilots served as subjects.The tests of anti-G capability evaluation for suits,suits combined with pressure breathing for G (PBG),and suits combined with PBG and anti-G strainingmaneuver (AGSM) were conducted respectively. Results ①The mean relaxed+Gz tolerance of pilots obtained on the new and old centrifuge was (4.25±0.34) G and (4.41±0.14) G respectively (t=3.03,P<0.01).The difference would be relative to fatigue that caused by continuous running and pilots' endurance to the reduplicate riding.So the current+Gz tolerance screening method was applicable on the new centrifuge regardless of the influence of the above mentioned factors.②In the training under passive control mode,25 of 42 pilots completed the training of 7 G for 10 s,9 pilots for 8 G for 10 s and 2 for 9 G for 10 s.In the close-loop control training,48 pilots passed training of 7 G for 10 s,19 pilots for 8 G for 10 s,and 23 for 9 G for 10 s.③During-Gx experience,the feelings of dizzy and disgust were evident during the roll and pitch movements.④Pilots reported that DFS training was similar to actual flight and possessed great practical value in improving aerial combat ability.⑤The performance of anti-G equipments reached the functional requirement. Conclusions New human centrifuge can be applied in acceleration tolerance screening and training for high performance fighter aircraft pilots,-Gx experience,DFS training,and physiological evaluation for anti-G equipments.Relevant approaches have been established,and the application of new human centrifuge has acquired a satisfactory result.which lays the foundation for further work.

Objective To investigate the approaches and the application effects of acceleration tolerance screening and training for fighter pilots,-Gx experience,dynamic flight simulation (DFS) experience and physiological evaluation of anti-G equipment on new human centrifuge. Methods ①Twenty-four pilots underwent the relaxed+Gz tolerance examination on a single degree of freedom centrifuge (Model 63) and on new human centrifuge for comparison.②One hundred high performance fighter pilots carried out centrifuge training.Among them,42 pilots were in passive control mode while the other 58 pilots were trained by close-loop mode.③Eight pilots experienced -1.5 Gx and-2.0 Gx on the new centrifuge.④Eighteen pilots performed aerobatic maneuvers,such as left spiral,right spiraI,split S loop,immelmann,and barrel roll in DFS awareness.⑤Six volunteers and 9 pilots served as subjects.The tests of anti-G capability evaluation for suits,suits combined with pressure breathing for G (PBG),and suits combined with PBG and anti-G strainingmaneuver (AGSM) were conducted respectively. Results ①The mean relaxed+Gz tolerance of pilots obtained on the new and old centrifuge was (4.25±0.34) G and (4.41±0.14) G respectively (t=3.03,P<0.01).The difference would be relative to fatigue that caused by continuous running and pilots' endurance to the reduplicate riding.So the current+Gz tolerance screening method was applicable on the new centrifuge regardless of the influence of the above mentioned factors.②In the training under passive control mode,25 of 42 pilots completed the training of 7 G for 10 s,9 pilots for 8 G for 10 s and 2 for 9 G for 10 s.In the close-loop control training,48 pilots passed training of 7 G for 10 s,19 pilots for 8 G for 10 s,and 23 for 9 G for 10 s.③During-Gx experience,the feelings of dizzy and disgust were evident during the roll and pitch movements.④Pilots reported that DFS training was similar to actual flight and possessed great practical value in improving aerial combat ability.⑤The performance of anti-G equipments reached the functional requirement. Conclusions New human centrifuge can be applied in acceleration tolerance screening and training for high performance fighter aircraft pilots,-Gx experience,DFS training,and physiological evaluation for anti-G equipments.Relevant approaches have been established,and the application of new human centrifuge has acquired a satisfactory result.which lays the foundation for further work.

Objective To investigate the type 2 diabetic patient's periodontal condition and to analyze the influencing factors of periodontitis.Methods A total of 182 type 2 diabetic patients were included in the survey and requested to fill out a questionnaire,and their periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth(PD),attachment level(AL),sulcus bleeding index(SBI),simplified oral hygiene index(OHI-S).Results The prevalence of periodontitis in this group of patients was 96.7%(176/182),including 20 patients with mild periodontitis.156 with moderate to advanced periodontitis.The mean PD and AL of the 182 patients were(2.92±0.67)rain and(2.87-4-1.31)mIIL At least one tooth Was lost in57.1%(104/182)of the patients.The factors related to periodontitis were age,gender,smoking,living in town or country,and 2 h plasma glucose of oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT).There Was no relationship between the severity of periodontitis and education level. The majority of patients did not receive any periodontal therapy.Conclusions Periodontal status was bad in patients with type 2 diabetes.It is important to develop an education program on oral health for tvpe 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To assess left ventricular (LV) geometry, LV diastolic and systolic function in maintenance hemodialysis uremic patients. Methods Forty uremic patients and forty-five normal subjects were included in this study. LV volume, LV mass index (LVMI), relative wall thickness (RWT), LV mass and diastolic volume ratio (LVM/EDV) were measured. Mitred flow E velocity and A velocity ratio, deceleration time, mitral flow E velocity and mitral annulus Ea velocity ratio (E/Ea), pulmonary vein flow S velocity and D velocity ratio, atrial flow reversal velocity of pulmonary vein flow, mitral inflow propagation velocity, left atrium volume (LAV) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were determined for diastolic function evaluation. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and single volume (SV) were derived from 3D echocardiography, systolic velocity of mitral valve annulus (Sa) by pulse tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were used to evaluate systolic function. The time to peak systohc velocity (Ts) and early diastole velocity (Td) of LV 12 segments were measured using TDI. The maximal difference of Ts and Td (Ts-Dif and Td-Dif) were calculated to assess LV systolic and diastolic asynchrony. Results RWT, LVMI and LVM/EDV were significantly increased in uremic patients. There were 50% concentric, 17. 5% eccentric hypertrophy and 17. 5% concentric remodeling, respectively in uremic patients. The indices for LV diastolic function (E/ Ea, LAV and PASP) were significantly higher in uremic patients than those in control subjects (P<0.01). About 85% of the diastolic dysfunction in uremic patients presented as impaired relaxation pattern and 32. 5% as increased filling pressure. LVEF and SV were similar between uremic patients and control subjects. Sa was significantly lower in uremic group than that in controls (P<0.05). Ts-Dif was similar between the 2 groups while Td-Dif was significantly higher in uremic patients than control subjects (P< 0.05). Conclusion LV hypertrophy, LV mass increase and LV diastolic dysfunction were the major characteristic of myocardial injury in uremia patients.