Stroke-associated pneumonia(SAP),a frequent complication of stroke,adversely affects clinical outcomes and functional recovery.Identifying SAP risk factors and developing robust predictive models are critical for improving patient management.This article reviews recent research advances in SAP risk factors and risk prediction,emphasizes emerging risk factors-including sarcopenia epidemiology,gut microbiota dysbiosis,and thyroid dysfunction-and novel predictive approaches such as risk stratification scores,neuroimaging,biomarkers,and artificial intelligence.We aim to enhance clinical recognition of SAP to facilitate early intervention,reduce incidence,and optimize stroke prognosis.

Stroke-associated pneumonia(SAP),a frequent complication of stroke,adversely affects clinical outcomes and functional recovery.Identifying SAP risk factors and developing robust predictive models are critical for improving patient management.This article reviews recent research advances in SAP risk factors and risk prediction,emphasizes emerging risk factors-including sarcopenia epidemiology,gut microbiota dysbiosis,and thyroid dysfunction-and novel predictive approaches such as risk stratification scores,neuroimaging,biomarkers,and artificial intelligence.We aim to enhance clinical recognition of SAP to facilitate early intervention,reduce incidence,and optimize stroke prognosis.