Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are widely acknowledged as primary mediators to the initiation and progression of tumors. The association between microbial infection and cancer stemness has garnered considerable scholarly interest in recent years. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is increasingly considered to be closely related to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nevertheless, the role of P. gingivalis in the stemness of OSCC cells remains uncertain. Herein, we showed that P. gingivalis was positively correlated with CSC markers expression in human OSCC specimens, promoted the stemness and tumorigenicity of OSCC cells, and enhanced tumor formation in nude mice. Mechanistically, P. gingivalis increased lipid synthesis in OSCC cells by upregulating the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) expression, a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, which ultimately resulted in enhanced acquisition of stemness. Moreover, SCD1 suppression attenuated P. gingivalis-induced stemness of OSCC cells, including CSCs markers expression, sphere formation ability, chemoresistance, and tumor growth, in OSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, upregulation of SCD1 in P. gingivalis-infected OSCC cells was associated with the expression of KLF5, and that was modulated by P. gingivalis-activated NOD1 signaling. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of SCD1-dependent lipid synthesis in P. gingivalis-induced stemness acquisition in OSCC cells, suggest that the NOD1/KLF5 axis may play a key role in regulating SCD1 expression and provide a molecular basis for targeting SCD1 as a new option for attenuating OSCC cells stemness.
Porphyromonas gingivalis/pathogenicity* ; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase/metabolism* ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Animals ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/microbiology* ; Mice, Nude ; Mice ; Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein/metabolism* ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness on the application of mechanical toothguide training box (TTB) to chromatics teaching of prosthodontics.

METHODS12 preclinical undergraduate students were chosen to participate in the VITA 3D-Master shade-matching system simulant toothguide training process using Linearguide Training Box program of TTB. Toothguide Trainer program considered as a test was performed on the trained undergraduate students group, the postgraduate students group as well as the clinical prosthodontists group with under 5-year clinical experience. The test scores, elapsed time and the coincidence of chromatics single factor matching were recorded each time, the shade-matching efficiency was calculated. The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSThe shade-matching efficiency of undergraduate students trained by TTB (64.03 +/- 18.82) was significantly higher than before (P < 0.05), higher than the postgraduate students group and the clinical prosthodontists group (P < 0.05). The coincidence of chromatics single factor matching of trained undergraduate students were 64.64% (lightness), 88.57% (chroma), 87.70% (hue).

CONCLUSIONTTB is a effective tool for shade-mathing practice in chromatics teaching of prosthodontics. The trained undergraduate students are less sensitive in lightness-matching.

Humans ; Prosthesis Coloring ; Prosthodontics ; Software