Dihydromyricetin(DMY),a flavonoid compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata,exhibits diverse pharmacological activities,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antitumor,neuroprotective,and immuno-modulatory effects.Recent studies have demonstrated that DMY can suppress inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through multiple molecular pathways,as well as regulate bile acid metabolism and maintain intestinal microbiota balance.These actions help reduce histopathological damage,improve gastrointestinal barrier function,and alleviate the symptoms of digestive system diseases.DMY has shown significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflamma-tion,liver diseases,and digestive tract tumors.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action and thera-peutic potential of DMY in digestive system diseases,providing a scientific basis and theoretical support for its clinical ap-plication and the development of new drugs.

Dihydromyricetin(DMY),a flavonoid compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata,exhibits diverse pharmacological activities,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antitumor,neuroprotective,and immuno-modulatory effects.Recent studies have demonstrated that DMY can suppress inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through multiple molecular pathways,as well as regulate bile acid metabolism and maintain intestinal microbiota balance.These actions help reduce histopathological damage,improve gastrointestinal barrier function,and alleviate the symptoms of digestive system diseases.DMY has shown significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflamma-tion,liver diseases,and digestive tract tumors.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action and thera-peutic potential of DMY in digestive system diseases,providing a scientific basis and theoretical support for its clinical ap-plication and the development of new drugs.

Objective::This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods::Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30, 2013, to October 7, 2015, were included in the study. The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization (TLR), stroke, stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and PCI-related myocardial infarction (MI) within 72 h post-PCI. Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results::A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled. The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33% ( n = 71), including cardiac death (0.03%, n = 1) and PCI-related MI (2.30%, n = 70). The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16% ( n = 5), including cardiac death (0.10%, n = 3), PCI-related MI (0.03%, n = 1), and TLR for stent thrombosis (0.03%, n = 1). The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86% ( n = 87); 233 (7.86%) patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Conclusions::These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs, confirming its safety in this population.

Objective::This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods::Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30, 2013, to October 7, 2015, were included in the study. The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization (TLR), stroke, stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and PCI-related myocardial infarction (MI) within 72 h post-PCI. Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results::A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled. The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33% ( n = 71), including cardiac death (0.03%, n = 1) and PCI-related MI (2.30%, n = 70). The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16% ( n = 5), including cardiac death (0.10%, n = 3), PCI-related MI (0.03%, n = 1), and TLR for stent thrombosis (0.03%, n = 1). The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86% ( n = 87); 233 (7.86%) patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Conclusions::These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs, confirming its safety in this population.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intracoronary injection of recombinant human urokinase on plasma P-selectin in AMI patients with no-reflow during acute PCI. Methods: Ninety-two patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction admitted to Center Hospital of Changchun City in January 2017 and December 2018 were randomly divided into two groups: 47 patients with intracoronary injection of sodium nitroprusside as control group and 45 patients with intracoronary injection of recombinant human urokinase as treatment group. Among them, 58 were males and 36 were females. The onset time was less than 12 h. The basic data, serum P-selectin, myocardial perfusion index and major adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups. Results: In the treatment group, the corrected TIMI frame number, instant TIMI grade 3 blood flow, myocardial chromogenic grade 3 blood flow, myocardial necrosis marker CTnI, serum P-selectin were significantly lower than those in the control group: 31.26 ± 4.58 vs. 35.15 ± 6.25, 71.1%(32/45) vs. 51.1%(24/47), 64.4%(29/45) vs. 55.3%(26/47), (28.46 ± 3.95) ng/ml vs. (30.18 ± 3.47) ng/ml, (13.26 ± 4.58) ng/ml vs. (15.04 ± 3.98) ng/ml, and EF function was better. In the control group. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group within one month after operation, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions There is no reflux in patients with AMI during PCI. Intracoronary injection of recombinant human urokinase can improve myocardial perfusion without reflux and has no effect on fibrinolytic system in vivo. It does not increase the risk of systemic hemorrhage and the incidence of serious adverse cardiovascular events.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravascular ultrasound guidance drug-coated balloon (DCB) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of situ coronary artery lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and its effect on thrombus precursor protein (TpP). Methods: Seventy-eight patients with ACS in Central Hospital of Changchun City from January 2015 to January 2019 were selected, including 46 cases with unstable angina pectoris and 32 cases with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into DCB group (38 cases) and drug-eluting stent (DES) group (40 cases) by random digits table method. Intravascular ultrasound was used to guide PCI in both groups, and DCB and DES were used respectively. Coronary angiography was performed immediately and 6 months after PCI in both groups. Minimum lumen diameter (MLD) was measured by QCA system, and the lumen loss (LLL) was calculated at 6 months after PCI. Plasma TpP before PCI, 1 and 6 months after PCI was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization (TLR) were followed up 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after PCI. Results: Immediately after PCI, there was no statistical difference in MLD between DCB group and DES group: (1.87 ± 0.23) mm vs. (2.16 ± 0.15) mm, P>0.05; 6 months after PCI, the LLL in DCB group was significantly smaller than that in DES group: (0.31 ± 0.28) mm vs. (0.48 ± 0.19) mm, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of myocardial infarction, TLR and cardiac death in DCB group (P>0.05). Before PCI and 6 months after PCI, there was no statistical difference in TpP between 2 groups (P>0.05); 1 month after PCI, the TpP in DCB group was significantly lower than that in DES group: (15.31 ± 6.13) mg/L vs. (19.46 ± 8.24) mg/L, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusions DCB is an accurate and effective treatment for ACS patients with situ coronary artery disease under the intravascular ultrasound guidance, and it can reduce the risk of thrombosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative analgesia by using loxoprofen sodium on dental implant patients at different time points. Methods A total of 400 patients with dental implant treatment were divided into two groups by random number table method. The experimental group was firstly given loxoprofen sodium tablets (60 mg) in 30 minutes preoperatively, and the control group was firstly given on three hours after surgery (60 mg). Local anesthesia was used to all dental implant surgery. Using the Wong-Baker Smile Assessment method in operation and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in postoperative respectively to assess pain level in surgery and 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery. Results The percentages of painless patients of the experimental group and the control group in operation were 99%(198/200) and 97%(194/200), and there was no significant difference between them (χ2=2.041, P>0.05); the percentages of painless patients of the experimental group at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h after surgery were 60.5%(121/200), 79.0%(158/200), 83.5%(167/200), and the control group were 47.0%(94/200), 64.5%(129/200), 71.5%(143/200), and there was significant difference between the control group and the experimental group (χ2=14.255,15.447, 11.165, P=0.007, 0.004, 0.011); however, in the two groups, there was no significant difference at 24 h after surgery, the experimental group was 93.0% (186/200), the control group was 89.5% (179/200) (χ2=2.468, P>0.05). Conclusions Preoperative administration with loxoprofen sodium tablets can significantly reduce the risk of postoperative pain, and could be used as a conventional implant surgery analgesic program.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Guizhi decoction combined with reduced glutathione in the treatment of pulmonary heart failure patients with acute liver injury.Methods 72 patients with pulmonary heart failure and acute liver injury were divided into treatment group and control group.Patients in the control group were given conventional treatment for pulmonary heart disease,patients in the treatment group were treated with Guizhi decotion and reduced glutathione for three weeks.After three weeks,the clinical efficacy and clinical indicators were evaluated.Results In the treatment group,clinical symptoms,signs,liver function improvement,and oxidized antioxidant indicators,the difference were statistically different compared with those in the control group (t =10.25,5.45,3.23,17.34,11.49,11.61,all P ＜0.05).The total effective rate of the treatment group was 88.9％,which was significantly higher than thant of the control group 52.8％ (x2 =11.36,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the plasma lipid peroxide (LPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD) had statistically significant differences between the two groups (t =53.08,-9.03,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Guizhi decoction combined with the reductive glutathione can improve symptoms of pulmonary heart failure patients with liver dysfunction,and have good clinical efficacy.

Objective Observe the synergy nerve protective effect and its mechanism of Sodium Ferulate (SF) and Ginseng saponins Rg1.Methods Ischemia-reperfusion injury models of rats were copied.The effects of SF,Ginsengsaponins Rg1 and the combination on infarction volume,lectin markers positive cells,peroxidase proliferation of activated receptorγ(PPAR-γ) mRNA expression,SOD activity and MDA content were observed.Results The blank control group didn't show infarction areas under TTC staining,and the cerebral infarction volume percentage of model control group,sodium ferulate group,ginsenoside Rg1 group and combination group was 44.2％,25.0％,20.4％,6.2％ respectively.The lectin positive cells number of blank control group,model control group,sodium ferulate group,ginsenoside Rg1 group and combination group were 11.4,44.6,27.8,23.0,13.4/500μm2 respectively; the PPAR-γmRNA expression were1883,1022,1473,1537,1843 respectively; the MDA content was 1.52,3.50,2.62,2.38,1.66 mmol/mg respectively; and the SOD acitivity was 71.54、73.14、81.72、82.22、91.10 U/mg respectively.Compared with model control group,sodium ferulate group,ginsenoside Rg1 group and combination group reduced the volume of cerebral infarcts (P＜0.01),inhibited the microglia activation(P＜0.01),increased the p PPAR-γ mRNA expression(P＜0.01),decreased the MDA content(P＜0.01) and increased SOD activity(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)significantly,and the effect of combination group was better than either sodium ferulate group or ginsenoside Rg1 group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion SF and Ginseng saponins Rg1 had collaborative neural protection and its activation on PPAR-γ may be one of the mechanisms.

Objective To detect the expression of interleukin (IL)-18 of the peripheral blood cells and IL-18 receptor α chain(IL-18Rα) on the surface of CD_3~+ cells in patients newly diagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) before medication and to explore the roles of IL-18 and IL-18Rα in the development of ITP. Methods Eighteen out-patients or inpatients with acute ITP accepting treatment in Qilu Hospital were enrolled in this study and 15 matching healthy subjects were taken as control. Plasma IL-18 level was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression of IL-18Rα on CD_3~+ lymphocytes and total lymphoeytes were measured with flow cytometry; T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA were measured with reverse transcriptase polymcrase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The expression of IL-18 in acute ITP plasma was (468. 57 ± 141.62) ng/L and IL-18Rα on the surface of CD_3~+ cells and lymphocytes were (8.50 ±3. 16)% and (9. 16±2.98)% respectively. The levels of IL-18 and IL-18Rα were increased in active ITP patients as compared with those in the controls (P <0. 05). The levels of IL-18 mRNA (0. 12 ±0. 02) and T-bet mRNA (0. 07 ±0. 02) were significantly increased in patients with active ITP as compared with those in the controls (P <0.05), while GATA-3 mRNA (0.0039±0.0014) were significantly decreased in patients with active ITP (P < 0. 05). The balance between T-bet and GATA-3 was significantly disturbed in ITP. Conclusions Through the variation of the levels of gene and protein, our study showed that IL-18 and IL-18Rα might upregulate the expression of Th1-cytokines in ITP patients. It is also suggested that IL-18 has potential association with the development of ITP. Especially, it may provide a new treatment method for ITP by regulating the ratio of T-bet and GATA-3 and resuming the balance of Th1/ Th2.