With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

The main treatment methods of liver cancer include surgical resection,TACE,ablation,immunotherapy and liver transplantation,etc.Ablation promotes the death of liver cancer cells to achieve the purpose of anti-tumor.Immunotherapy can reactivate immune cells and generate new immune responses through corresponding pathways,so as to recognize and eliminate liver cancer cells.Combining ablation can synergistically enhance anti-tumor immune effect of immunotherapy for liver cancer.The research progresses of ablation combined with immunotherapy for liver cancer were reviewed in this article.

With the advancement of medical imaging technology,MRI has become an essential tool for the diagnosis and research of neurological disorders.7T MRI,due to its high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio,demonstrates significant advantages in the diagnosis and research of neurological diseases.This article reviews the applications of 7T MRI in neurological research,including its use in neurodegenerative diseases,neuropsychiatric disorders and brain tumors.Furthermore,we discuss the future prospects and potential developments of 7T MRI in neuroimaging.

Purpose To compare the effectiveness of double-echo steady state(DESS)sequences at 7T and 3T MRI in peripheral nerves and nerve fascicles around the knee joint.Materials and Methods Fourteen healthy volunteers in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from July 2022 to March 2025 were selected for 3T and 7T MRI scans,which included three-dimensional dual-echo steady state(3D-DESS)and dual-echo steady state with higher in-plane spatial resolution(DESSHR).Image and tissue signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)were measured.Qualitative metrics were assessed using a five-point Likert scale,and consistency of qualitative measurements was evaluated.Results The SNR of the peroneal nerve using the 3D-DESS sequence on 3T MRI was significantly lower than that on 7T MRI(t=2.913,P=0.011),while there were no statistically significant differences in SNR between other sequences(t=-0.564,-0.843,1.424,all P>0.05).The CNR of the peroneal nerve/fat using the 3D-DESS sequence on 7T MRI(t=2.490,P=0.027)and the DESSHR sequence(t=3.354,7.467,both P<0.01)was significantly higher than that of 3T MRI.However,the CNR of the tibial nerve/fat using the 3D-DESS sequence(t=-4.162,P=0.001)and the CNR of the tibial nerve/muscle using the DESSHR sequence(t=-4.358,P=0.001)were significantly lower on 7T MRI than those on 3T MRI.The image quality of both the DESSHR and 3D-DESS sequences on 7T MRI was significantly superior than those of on 3T MRI(mean differences:0.139,1.000;χ2=4.765,70.000,P<0.029,P<0.001),with clearer imaging of nerves around the knee(mean differences:0.717-2.071;χ2=66.000,62.000,68.000,23.684,60.000,58.000,61.000,58.000,all P<0.001);the DESSHR sequence on 3T MRI had fewer artifacts than that on 7T MRI(mean difference:-0.785;χ2=47.078,P<0.001).The qualitative measurement results were consistently evaluated by five assessors with good agreement(Kappa=0.67-0.85,P<0.001).Conclusion Compared with 3T MRI,the DESS sequence based on 7T can better visualize the common peroneal nerve,tibial nerve,saphenous nerve and their nerve bundles.

With the advancement of medical imaging technology,MRI has become an essential tool for the diagnosis and research of neurological disorders.7T MRI,due to its high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio,demonstrates significant advantages in the diagnosis and research of neurological diseases.This article reviews the applications of 7T MRI in neurological research,including its use in neurodegenerative diseases,neuropsychiatric disorders and brain tumors.Furthermore,we discuss the future prospects and potential developments of 7T MRI in neuroimaging.

Purpose To compare the effectiveness of double-echo steady state(DESS)sequences at 7T and 3T MRI in peripheral nerves and nerve fascicles around the knee joint.Materials and Methods Fourteen healthy volunteers in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from July 2022 to March 2025 were selected for 3T and 7T MRI scans,which included three-dimensional dual-echo steady state(3D-DESS)and dual-echo steady state with higher in-plane spatial resolution(DESSHR).Image and tissue signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)were measured.Qualitative metrics were assessed using a five-point Likert scale,and consistency of qualitative measurements was evaluated.Results The SNR of the peroneal nerve using the 3D-DESS sequence on 3T MRI was significantly lower than that on 7T MRI(t=2.913,P=0.011),while there were no statistically significant differences in SNR between other sequences(t=-0.564,-0.843,1.424,all P>0.05).The CNR of the peroneal nerve/fat using the 3D-DESS sequence on 7T MRI(t=2.490,P=0.027)and the DESSHR sequence(t=3.354,7.467,both P<0.01)was significantly higher than that of 3T MRI.However,the CNR of the tibial nerve/fat using the 3D-DESS sequence(t=-4.162,P=0.001)and the CNR of the tibial nerve/muscle using the DESSHR sequence(t=-4.358,P=0.001)were significantly lower on 7T MRI than those on 3T MRI.The image quality of both the DESSHR and 3D-DESS sequences on 7T MRI was significantly superior than those of on 3T MRI(mean differences:0.139,1.000;χ2=4.765,70.000,P<0.029,P<0.001),with clearer imaging of nerves around the knee(mean differences:0.717-2.071;χ2=66.000,62.000,68.000,23.684,60.000,58.000,61.000,58.000,all P<0.001);the DESSHR sequence on 3T MRI had fewer artifacts than that on 7T MRI(mean difference:-0.785;χ2=47.078,P<0.001).The qualitative measurement results were consistently evaluated by five assessors with good agreement(Kappa=0.67-0.85,P<0.001).Conclusion Compared with 3T MRI,the DESS sequence based on 7T can better visualize the common peroneal nerve,tibial nerve,saphenous nerve and their nerve bundles.

The main treatment methods of liver cancer include surgical resection,TACE,ablation,immunotherapy and liver transplantation,etc.Ablation promotes the death of liver cancer cells to achieve the purpose of anti-tumor.Immunotherapy can reactivate immune cells and generate new immune responses through corresponding pathways,so as to recognize and eliminate liver cancer cells.Combining ablation can synergistically enhance anti-tumor immune effect of immunotherapy for liver cancer.The research progresses of ablation combined with immunotherapy for liver cancer were reviewed in this article.

Objective By using high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography to display the vascular wall imaging so as to evaluate the relationship between plaque characteristics and postoperative in-stent restenosis(ISR)in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis.Methods A total of 66 patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery stenosis,who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College of China from January 2019 to March 2023,were enrolled in this study.Before stent implantation,all the 66 patients completed high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography.According to the postoperative imaging follow-up results,the patients were divided into ISR group and non-ISR group.The preoperative plaque characteristics,which were assessed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging,were compared between the two groups.Results ISR group had 14 patients and non-ISR group had 52 patients.Most of the plaques were located in the inferior lateral wall(37.8％)and the ventral lateral wall(28.7％),in which no statistically significant difference existed between the two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with non-ISR group,in ISR group the negative remodeling degree was obviously higher and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=6.026,P=0.049).The plaque load in ISR group and non-ISR group was 79.09±8.82 and 69.46±10.49 respectively,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=3.143,P=0.003).The homocysteine level in ISR group and non-ISR group was(16.02±4.24)mol/L and(12.05±3.34)mol/L respectively,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=3.717,P＜0.001).In ISR group,there were more significantly contrast-enhanced plaques(78.5％vs.42.3％),with statistically significant difference(x2=6.311,P=0.043).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plaque load(OR=1.225,95％CI:1.040-1.443,P=0.015)and homocysteine level(OR=1.676,95％CI:1.150-2.442,P=0.007)were the independent risk factors for ISR.ROC curve analysis showed that in predicting ISR,the AUC,specificity and sensitivity of the plaque load were 0.765(95％CI:0.622-0.908,P=0.002),0.731 and 0.714 respectively,which of the homocysteine level were 0.767(95％CI:0.623-0.911,P=0.002),0.942 and 0.500 respectively.The combination use of plaque load and homocysteine level could achieve the best predictive effect,its AUC,specificity and sensitivity were 0.887(95％CI:0.794-0.981,P＜0.001),0.904 and 0.714 respectively.Conclusion The plaque load assessed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and the homocysteine level have higher specificity and sensitivity in predicting ISR in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis.

Humans ; Tenofovir/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy* ; Hepatitis B virus ; Viral Load ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been commonly deployed to prevent and control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting in a worldwide decline in influenza prevalence. However, the influenza risk in China warrants cautious assessment. We conducted a cross-sectional, seroepidemiological study in Shandong Province, Northern China in mid-2021. Hemagglutination inhibition was performed to test antibodies against four influenza vaccine strains. A combination of descriptive and meta-analyses was adopted to compare the seroprevalence of influenza antibodies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall seroprevalence values against A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata were 17.8% (95% CI 16.2%-19.5%), 23.5% (95% CI 21.7%-25.4%), 7.6% (95% CI 6.6%-8.7%), and 15.0 (95% CI 13.5%-16.5%), respectively, in the study period. The overall vaccination rate was extremely low (2.6%). Our results revealed that antibody titers in vaccinated participants were significantly higher than those in unvaccinated individuals (P < 0.001). Notably, the meta-analysis showed that antibodies against A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3N2 were significantly low in adults after the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.01). Increasing vaccination rates and maintaining NPIs are recommended to prevent an elevated influenza risk in China.