With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

With the widespread adoption of low-dose CT screening and the extensive application of high-resolution CT, the detection rate of sub-centimeter lung nodules has significantly increased. How to scientifically manage these nodules while avoiding overtreatment and diagnostic delays has become an important clinical issue. Among them, lung nodules with a consolidation tumor ratio less than 0.25, dominated by ground-glass shadows, are particularly worthy of attention. The therapeutic challenge for this group is how to achieve precise and complete resection of nodules during surgery while maximizing the preservation of the patient's lung function. The "watershed topography map" is a new technology based on big data and artificial intelligence algorithms. This method uses Dicom data from conventional dose CT scans, combined with microscopic (22-24 levels) capillary network anatomical watershed features, to generate high-precision simulated natural segmentation planes of lung sub-segments through specific textures and forms. This technology forms fluorescent watershed boundaries on the lung surface, which highly fit the actual lung anatomical structure. By analyzing the adjacent relationship between the nodule and the watershed boundary, real-time, visually accurate positioning of the nodule can be achieved. This innovative technology provides a new solution for the intraoperative positioning and resection of lung nodules. This consensus was led by four major domestic societies, jointly with expert teams in related fields, oriented to clinical practical needs, referring to domestic and foreign guidelines and consensus, and finally formed after multiple rounds of consultation, discussion, and voting. The main content covers the theoretical basis of the "watershed topography map" technology, indications, operation procedures, surgical planning details, and postoperative evaluation standards, aiming to provide scientific guidance and exploration directions for clinical peers who are currently or plan to carry out lung nodule resection using the fluorescent microscope watershed analysis method.

Objective:To explore the intervention effects of the "four-steps tendon resetting and collaterals dredging manipulation" on the symptoms and muscle status of calf muscle group of patients with chronic ankle sprains.Methods:This study was a prospective self-controlled clinical trial. A total of 39 patients with chronic ankle sprains who sought treatment at the basic units from April to September 2023 and Rehabilitation Medicine Center of Characteristic Medical Center of PLA Rocket Force from February to October 2023 were recruited. The "four-steps tendon resetting and collaterals dredging manipulation" was employed for treatment, with two sessions conducted per patient and one session per week. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ankle joint function was evaluated using the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale and Function Assessment (AOFAS) score, and MyotonPRO digital palpation instrument was used to measure bilateral triceps and peroneal longus muscles and evaluate muscle status.Results:Compared with before treatment, VAS scores decreased ( t values were 5.85, 5.97, respecively, P<0.001) and AOFAS scores increased ( Z values were -4.59, -4.68, respecively, P<0.001). Before the first treatment and after the second treatment, the damping vibration frequency (Freq) of the affected and healthy triceps and peroneal muscles increased ( t values were -3.09,-2.92,-2.97,-2.28, respecively, P<0.05), the muscle stiffness (Stiff) increased ( t values were -3.12, -2.99, -2.88, -2.15, respecively, P<0.05), and the logarithmic attenuation value (Decr) of the damping vibration of the healthy calf triceps muscle decreased ( t=-2.31, P<0.05); Compared before and after the first treatment, the Decr value ( t=-2.51, P<0.05) and Stiff value ( t=-2.05, P<0.05) of the affected fibular longus muscle increased, while the Ferq, Decr, and Stiff values of the healthy calf triceps muscle increased before and after treatment ( t values were -2.92, -2.13, -2.64, respecively, P<0.05); before and after the second treatment, the Freq values of the triceps and peroneal longus muscles on the affected and healthy sides increased ( t values were -4.28, -2.67, -2.69, -2.38, respecively, P<0.05) and Stiff values increased ( t values were -4.24, -3.43, -3.87, -2.33, respecively, P<0.05); there was no statistical significance in Ferq, Decr, and Stiff values between the affected and healthy sides before and after the first and second treatments ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The "four-steps tendon resetting and collaterals dredging manipulation" can improve the symptoms of chronic ankle sprains and significantly change the muscle condition of the affected and healthy sides of the calf. The mechanism may be related to the neuromuscular control mechanism.

Objective To use imaging features of pulmonary nodules to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with cT1-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), providing a reference for clinical decision-making. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging features and postoperative pathological results of cT1 NSCLC patients who underwent surgical treatment at Linyi People’s Hospital from July 2019 to July 2022. Patients were grouped and analyzed according to lymph node metastasis status. Results A total of 1 123 patients were included, comprising 471 males and 652 females, with a median age of 59 (52, 66) years. Comparative analysis revealed that sex, age, nodule location, nodule size on imaging, solid component size, consolidation tumor ratio (CTR), average CT value, and tumor proximity to the pleura all influenced lymph node metastasis. A nomogram was constructed, indicating that the probability of lymph node metastasis in cT1 NSCLC was positively correlated with solid component size, CTR, and average CT value of the pulmonary nodule, and negatively correlated with patient age. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.929. Conclusion For cT1 NSCLC patients, the probability of lymph node metastasis can be predicted by measuring the solid component size, CTR, and average CT value of the pulmonary nodule, in conjunction with patient age. However, relying solely on pulmonary nodule imaging characteristics is insufficient to determine a specific lymph node dissection strategy.

Objective:To observe the preventive and treatment effects of warming needle therapy on peripheral neuropathy after albumin-bound paclitaxel plus cisplatin chemotherapy.Methods:Eighty patients who received albumin-bound paclitaxel plus cisplatin chemotherapy after being diagnosed with cancer were divided into an observation group and a control group using the simple random allocation table method,with 40 cases in each group.The control group received methylcobalamin dispersible tablets via oral administration,and the observation group received warming needle therapy.They were observed for the incidence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN),Levi's specific sensory neurotoxicity grading,brief pain inventory(BPI)score,nerve conduction velocities of the limbs,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptom scores before treatment,at the 21st day of the first cycle of chemotherapy(D1),and the 21st day of the second chemotherapy cycle(D2).The clinical efficacy was assessed at D2.Results:The incidence of CIPN was 92.5%in the control group,higher than 75.0%in the observation group(P<0.05).At D2,the number of people graded 0 on Levi's specific sensory neurotoxicity grading was larger in the observation group than in the control group,and the number of those graded 2 was smaller in the observation group(P<0.05);the observation group had a higher markedly effective rate than the control group(P<0.05).At D2,the BPI general score,BPI pain intensity score,and BPI pain interference score significantly dropped in the observation group compared to those before treatment(P<0.05).At D1,the motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV)and sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)of the limbs decreased in both groups compared to those before treatment;at D2,the MNCV and SNCV increased in the two groups compared to D1 and were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).At D1,the TCM symptom scores increased in both groups compared to those before treatment,and the observation group was lower than the control group in comparing the scores of numbness in the extremities and poor appetite(P<0.05).At D2,the observation group showed decreases in all TCM symptom scores compared to D1 except for the scores of nausea and vomiting and poor appetite(P<0.05),while the control group had no significant changes in the TCM symptom scores compared to D1(P>0.05);the observation group was lower than the control group in comparing each symptom score(P<0.05).There were no significant adverse reactions in either group over the study period.Conclusion:Compared to oral administration of methylcobalamin dispersible tablets,warming needle therapy shows certain strengths in managing CIPN after albumin-bound paclitaxel plus cisplatin chemotherapy,and it can better improve chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal reactions.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)continues to exhibit a high incidence and mortality worldwide,posing a serious threat to human health.In recent years,the rapid advancement of immunotherapy has profoundly reshaped the therapeutic paradigm for NSCLC,particularly by improving long-term outcomes in the perioperative period.However,with its increasingly widespread clinical use during this period,several critical issues have emerged,including the precise identification of patients most likely to benefit,optimization of therapeutic strategies,evaluation of pathological value,formulation of adjuvant therapy strategies for patients with complete pathological response after surgery,and the management of immune-related adverse events.This review will systematically discuss these key challenges and aims to provide insights that may facilitate the standardized application of perioperative immunotherapy in NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the prognostic role of serum beta 2-microglobulin(β2M)as a systemic inflammatory biomarker in hospitalized patients with exacerbation of COPD,compared with other inflammatory biomarkers.Methods We retrospectively analyzed hospitalized patients with exacerbated COPD as the first diagnosis at Beijing Chao-Yang hospital,P.R.China,from December 31,2012 to December 28,2017.Serum β2M levels,laboratory and clinical indexes were measured or collected on admission,and all patients were followed up for 90 days.The prognostic performance of β2M was compared with the neutrophils-lymphocytes ratio(NLR),C-reactive protein values(CRP)and white blood cell(WBC)using MedCalc.Results For 30-day mortality,β2M,NLR,and CRP showed significant predictive value(all P<0.001)and were better than WBC(P=0.044,0.003 and 0.030,respectively)in hospitalized patients with exacerbated COPD,while WBC had no predictive significance.For 90-day mortality,β2M,NLR,CRP,and WBC were all statistically significant,but only NLR outperformed WBC(P=0.004).No significant differences were observed among β2M,NLR,and CRP.Conclusion As a systemic inflammatory biomarker,serum β2M was a useful prognostic biomarker for short-term death in hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbations.It performed slightly better than NLR and CRP for 30-day mortality prediction and slightly superior to CRP and slightly inferior to NLR for 90-day mortality prediction.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between lumbar disc herniation and vertebral bone mineral density(BMD)of quantitative analysis of computed tomography(CT).Methods:Eighty patients with lumbar disc herniation who admitted to Beijing Tongzhou District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from May 2022 to June 2024 were included in the case group,and 30 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in hospital were included in the healthy control group during the same period.The vertebral BMD of all subjects was quantitatively analyzed by CT.The data,lumbar BMD value,lumbar bone mass loss and osteoporosis distribution of the two groups were compared at baseline.Results:There were no significant differences in gender,age,body mass index(BMI)and abdominal circumference of baseline data between the case group and the healthy control group(P>0.05).The BMD value of the fourth lumbar vertebra(L4)in the case group was lower than that in the healthy control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=1.991,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in BMD value and mean BMD(Lmean BMD)of the fifth lumbar vertebra(L5)between the case group and the healthy control group(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the lumbar BMD value of healthy control group between different genders(P>0.05),and there was significant difference in Lmean BMD between different genders in the case group(t=2.063,P<0.05),while there were no statistically significant difference in the L4 BMD and L5 BMD of the case group between different genders(P>0.05).The difference of Lmean BMD values of the persons with same gender(male,female)between the case group and the healthy control group were statistically significant(t=2.570,3.300,P<0.05).The ratio of normal lumbar bone mass in the case group was 48.75%,which was lower than that in the healthy control group(70.00%),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=3.974,P<0.05).The ratio of osteoporosis in the case group was 18.75%,which was higher than that in the healthy control group(3.33%),and the difference of that between two groups was significant(x2=4.172,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the ratio of bone mass loss between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:CT quantitative analysis shows that the vertebral BMD value of the patients with lumbar disc herniation is significantly lower than that of persons of the healthy control group,which indicates that the decrease of BMD value might be related to the occurrence of lumbar disc herniation.

Objective To investigate the prognostic role of serum beta 2-microglobulin(β2M)as a systemic inflammatory biomarker in hospitalized patients with exacerbation of COPD,compared with other inflammatory biomarkers.Methods We retrospectively analyzed hospitalized patients with exacerbated COPD as the first diagnosis at Beijing Chao-Yang hospital,P.R.China,from December 31,2012 to December 28,2017.Serum β2M levels,laboratory and clinical indexes were measured or collected on admission,and all patients were followed up for 90 days.The prognostic performance of β2M was compared with the neutrophils-lymphocytes ratio(NLR),C-reactive protein values(CRP)and white blood cell(WBC)using MedCalc.Results For 30-day mortality,β2M,NLR,and CRP showed significant predictive value(all P<0.001)and were better than WBC(P=0.044,0.003 and 0.030,respectively)in hospitalized patients with exacerbated COPD,while WBC had no predictive significance.For 90-day mortality,β2M,NLR,CRP,and WBC were all statistically significant,but only NLR outperformed WBC(P=0.004).No significant differences were observed among β2M,NLR,and CRP.Conclusion As a systemic inflammatory biomarker,serum β2M was a useful prognostic biomarker for short-term death in hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbations.It performed slightly better than NLR and CRP for 30-day mortality prediction and slightly superior to CRP and slightly inferior to NLR for 90-day mortality prediction.

With the advancement of medical imaging technology,MRI has become an essential tool for the diagnosis and research of neurological disorders.7T MRI,due to its high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio,demonstrates significant advantages in the diagnosis and research of neurological diseases.This article reviews the applications of 7T MRI in neurological research,including its use in neurodegenerative diseases,neuropsychiatric disorders and brain tumors.Furthermore,we discuss the future prospects and potential developments of 7T MRI in neuroimaging.