ObjectiveTo analyze the "compatibility" relationship of sugars and glycosides and the heat-clearing and blood-cooling effect of the roots of four varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa and provide a basis for research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of R. glutinosa. MethodsThe content of sugars and glycosides in the roots of four varieties of R. glutinosa was determined during the growth period. The principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and the "compatibility" relationship of active components were employed to screen out the differential samples. A rat model of bleeding due to blood heat was used to verify the pharmacodynamic differences and the potential active components of differential samples. ResultsThe content and proportion characteristics of various components in roots of the four varieties of R. glutinosa during the expansion stage and the maturity stage had obvious differences. The proportion of phenylethanoid glycosides at the maturity stage was higher than that at the expansion stage. The R. glutinosa variety 85-5 had special quality characteristics among the tested varieties. All the samples alleviated the symptoms in the rat model. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood was different between the maturity stage and the expansion stage， as well as between 85-5 samples at the maturity stage and other samples. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was the result of the combined action of multiple components in R. glutinosa roots and might be related to the high proportions of polysaccharides， iridoid glycosides， and phenylethanoid glycosides. ConclusionThe growth stage and variety affect the quality of R. glutinosa roots. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was related to the content and proportions of various components. The study can provide a basis for the basic research on the active components and quality control of R. glutinosa.

ObjectiveTo analyze the "compatibility" relationship of sugars and glycosides and the heat-clearing and blood-cooling effect of the roots of four varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa and provide a basis for research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of R. glutinosa. MethodsThe content of sugars and glycosides in the roots of four varieties of R. glutinosa was determined during the growth period. The principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and the "compatibility" relationship of active components were employed to screen out the differential samples. A rat model of bleeding due to blood heat was used to verify the pharmacodynamic differences and the potential active components of differential samples. ResultsThe content and proportion characteristics of various components in roots of the four varieties of R. glutinosa during the expansion stage and the maturity stage had obvious differences. The proportion of phenylethanoid glycosides at the maturity stage was higher than that at the expansion stage. The R. glutinosa variety 85-5 had special quality characteristics among the tested varieties. All the samples alleviated the symptoms in the rat model. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood was different between the maturity stage and the expansion stage， as well as between 85-5 samples at the maturity stage and other samples. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was the result of the combined action of multiple components in R. glutinosa roots and might be related to the high proportions of polysaccharides， iridoid glycosides， and phenylethanoid glycosides. ConclusionThe growth stage and variety affect the quality of R. glutinosa roots. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was related to the content and proportions of various components. The study can provide a basis for the basic research on the active components and quality control of R. glutinosa.

Amoenucles A-F (1-6), six previously undescribed nucleoside derivatives, and two known analogs (7 and 8) were isolated from the culture of Aspergillus amoenus TJ507. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and chemical reactions. Notably, 3 and 4 represent the first reported instances of nucleosides with an attached pyrrole moiety. Of particular significance, the absolute configuration of the sugar moiety of 1-4 was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electric circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and a hydrolysis reaction, presenting a potentially valuable method for confirming nucleoside structures. Furthermore, 1, 2, and 5-8 exhibited potential tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitory activities, which may provide a novel chemical template for the development of agents targeting autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Aspergillus/chemistry* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Molecular Structure ; Nucleosides/isolation & purification* ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

ObjectiveUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze the differences in chemical components between raw products and wine-processed products of Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizome. MethodUPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used to analyze the chemical compositions of P. cyrtonema rhizome before and after processing， and the effective response ions were extracted after raw data processing， and the differential compounds before and after processing were screened combined with multivariate statistical analysis and according to the conditions of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1， P<0.05， fold change（FC）>2 or FC<0.5， based on the retention time， quasi-molecular ions， fragment ions and other information， the components were identified in combination with the control products and the literature， and the significant difference compounds were identified by clustering thermal analysis and relative quantitative analyzed， in order to clarify the change rule of the main components in P. cyrtonema rhizome before and after processing. ResultA total of 72 differential constituents between raw products and wine-processed products were identified， including 15 alkaloids， 12 organic acids， 12 amino acids， 6 flavonoids， 4 saccharides and 23 others. There were a total of 18 significantly different components， among which 13 compounds， including L-malic acid， lactic acid and 9，12，13-trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid， showed an increasing trend in content after wine processing， 5 compounds such as trans-3-indoleacrylic acid， L-arginine， D-tryptophan， showed a decreasing trend after processing. ConclusionThe chemical components of P. cyrtonema rhizome are significantly different before and after processing， mainly organic acids， saccharides， amino acids， flavonoids and alkaloids， which can lay the foundation for the in-depth study of the processing mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma.

Objective:To establish the rat cardiac arrest model in high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment, and to explore the effect of the treatment time in the hypobaric oxygen chamber on the reproduction of high-altitude rat cardiac arrest model.Methods:SPF grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as observation subjects. The experiment was conducted in two different altitude areas. The rats from the Plateau Branch of Institute of Cardiopulmonary and Cerebral Resuscitation of Sun Yat-sen University (Xining, Qinghai) were weighed and numbered, and they were placed in a hypobaric oxygen chamber (simulated altitude of 3 000 meters, speed of ascent and descent of 15 m/min, temperature of 20 ℃, cabin pressure of 69.5 kPa, cabin oxygen pressure of 14.5 kPa). After 30 days of feeding, the rats were obtained according to random number table method, and the cardiac arrest model was established by asphyxia method as the 30-day hypobaric hypoxia group. After 60 days of feeding, rats were randomly selected again, and the cardiac arrest model was established as the 60-day hypobaric hypoxia group. Thirty rats were randomly selected from the Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation at Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, Guangdong) by the same method, and the cardiac arrest model was established as the plain control group. The differences in the body weight of rat modeling precursors and the induction time of asphyxia during the modeling process among different groups were compared.Results:Finally, cardiac arrest model was established in 16 rats in the 30-day hypobaric hypoxia group and in 22 rats in the 60-day hypobaric hypoxia group. There was no significant difference in the body weight of rats before modeling among the plain control group, 30-day hypobaric hypoxia group and 60-day hypobaric hypoxia group [g: 429.00 (389.25, 440.75), 440.00 (415.50, 486.25), 440.00 (400.00, 452.50), all P > 0.05]. The asphyxia induction time of rats in the 60-day hypobaric hypoxia group was significantly longer than that in the 30-day hypobaric hypoxia group (s: 294.59±75.39 vs. 234.31±93.86, P < 0.01), even about 1.4 times of the plain control group (s: 294.59±75.39 vs. 208.73±30.88, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the asphyxia induction time between the 30-day hypobaric hypoxia group and the plain control group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Rats treated in a hypobaric oxygen chamber for 60 days are more suitable for the preparation of high-altitude cardiac arrest model, and are also consistent with the oxygen reserve and hypoxia tolerance of high-altitude rats.

Morita therapy has been bom for more than 100 years.Inpatient Morita therapy is highly oper-able and easy to master.It can improve many refractory neuroses through four-stage treatment.But more neuroses are treated in outpatient clinics,and Morita therapy cannot be used in hospitalized patients.Therefore,the formula-tion of expert opinions on outpatient operations is particularly important.This paper is based on domestic and for-eign references,and after many discussions by domestic Morita therapy experts,and then drew up the first version of the expert opinions on operation of outpatient Morita therapy.Meanwhile the operation rule of Morita therapy in three stages of outpatient treatment was formulated:in the etiological analysis stage,under the theoretical guidance of Morita therapy,analyze the pathogenic factors,to improve treatment compliance and reduce resistance;during the operating stage,guide patients to engage in constructive and meaningful actions,realizing the achievement of letting nature take its course principle;in the cultivating character and enriching life stage,pay attention to positive infor-mation,expanding the scope and content of actions,improving the ability to adapt to complex life,and preventing recurrence caused by insufficient abilities.It will lay a foundation for the promotion of Morita therapy in domestic outpatient clinics,so that more patients with neurosis and other psychological diseases could receive characteristic Morita therapy treatment in outpatient clinics.

【Objective】 To investigate the blood transfusion compatibility test results of a child with thalassemia after delayed hemolysis reaction, and to formulate transfusion strategies based on other clinical data to ensure the safety of clinical blood use. 【Methods】 A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the transfusion compatibility test results of a child with thalassemia, combined with Rh blood type system detection, blood transfusion history, serum bilirubin changes, clinical symptoms and other data to determine the occurrence of delayed hemolytic reaction, and formulate the subsequent appropriate blood matching strategies. 【Results】 On admission, the blood type of the patient was B DccEE, with hemoglobin (Hb) 38 g/L, reticulocyte ratio (Ret%) 2.92%, total bilirubin (TBil) 65.8 μmol/L, direct bilirubin (DBil) 12.0 μmol/L, indirect Bilirubin (IBil) 53.8 μmol/L, negative for unexpected antibody screening, no agglutination or hemolysis on both primary and secondary sides of the cross-matching over with type B DCcEe donors, negative for direct anti human globulin test(DAT), negative for indirect anti human globulin test (IAT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) 1 050 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase(AST) 113 U/L, urine occult blood 2+, urine bilinogen 4+, and a history of red blood cell transfusion 5 days before admission. The above results indicated that the child had a delayed hemolytic reaction, then type B DccEE leukocyte-depleted suspension red blood cell was transfused, and various indicators improved after transfusion. 【Conclusion】 Appropriate blood matching strategies should be formulated based on the results of blood transfusion compatibility testing and other clinical data before transfusion for children with thalassemia in order to effectively ensure transfusion safety.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and bacterial community characteristics in rhizosphere soil during the growth of Rehmanniae Radix， as well as the relationship between VOCs and bacterial community structure， so as to lay the foundation for the evaluation of the characteristics of continuous cropping soil and the regulation of continuous cropping soil microorganisms. MethodThe rhizosphere soil during the three main growth periods of Rehmanniae Radix in July， August and October was used as the research object. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） was used to determine the relative contents of VOCs in ethyl acetate and dichloromethane parts in rhizosphere soil. The characteristics of rhizosphere bacterial community structure was determined by high-throughput sequencing， SPSS 24， SIMCA 14.1 and other software were used to analyze the differences of VOCs and bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil of the three periods， and the main VOCs and iconic bacteria that caused the differences were screened， and the correlation between VOCs and bacterial community structure was analyzed. ResultThere were differences in VOCs in different parts of rhizosphere soil during the three growth stages of Rehmanniae Radix. Among them， and the main VOCs that cause differences were dioctyl isophthalate， 2-octyl-1-dodecanol and 2-ethylhexyl p-toluic acid in the ethyl acetate part， and 1，3-benzenedicarboxylic acid， di （2-propylpentyl） phthalate and 2-ethylhexyl p-toluenecarboxylic acid in the dichloromethane part. From the seedling stage to the end of tuber enlargement of Rehmanniae Radix， the relative abundance of dominant bacteria such as Actinobacteria， Firmicutes and Chloroflexi in the rhizosphere soil was gradually decreased， and there were unique bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of each growth stage. Correlation analysis showed that the VOCs in rhizosphere soil of Rehmanniae Radix had an impact on the rhizosphere bacterial community structure， especially the components of esters and alcohols. ConclusionDuring the growth of Rehmanniae Radix， the characteristics of rhizosphere soil are mainly manifested in the content changes of main VOCs such as esters and alcohols and the gradual decrease of the abundance of the main beneficial bacteria， and the VOCs in rhizosphere soil play a certain role in shaping the structure of bacterial community.

ObjectiveTo investigate the metabolites and gene expression characteristics in fibrous roots of Dioscorea zingiberensis in response to low phosphorus stress. MethodThe severe stress group， the moderate stress group， and the normal group were set up to stimulate the low phosphorus stress experiment. The fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis were collected during initial stress. The metabolites and transcriptomic characteristics were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） derivatization and RNA-seq techniques. Through multivariate statistical analysis of metabolites treated by different methods，functional analysis of differentially expressed genes， and data mining， the metabolism markers produced in fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis under low phosphorus stress were screened out， and the metabolic pathway characteristics of different genes were analyzed. ResultA total of 116 GC-MS metabolites were detected from the fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis. The metabolic characteristics of fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis under different low phosphorus treatments were obviously different. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） model was used to screen six differential metabolites represented by sugars and alcohols from metabolites of fibrous roots treated with different methods，and these components were presumedly metabolism markers of fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis in response to low phosphorus stress. The differential genes screened out from the severe stress group and the normal group were mainly enriched in peroxidase pathway，phosphate and hypophosphate metabolism pathway，while the differential genes screened out from the severe stress group and the moderate stress group were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism pathway and phosphopentose pathway. A total of 177 differential genes in response to low phosphorus stress were screened out from fibrous roots， involving many pathways such as terpenoid skeleton and inositol biosynthesis，which was consistent with the fact that the metabolic differential components in fibrous roots in response to low phosphorus stress were mainly saccharides and inositol. ConclusionThe metabolites and gene expression in fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis responded to low phosphorus stress，and the differential metabolites were closely related to differentially expressed genes. This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the research on the molecular mechanism of D. zingiberensis in response to low phosphorus stress.

Objective:To investigate the effect of venous blood carbon dioxide binding capacity (CO 2-CP) on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after thrombolytic therapy. Methods:A total of 86 AIS inpatients who received thrombolytic therapy in the emergency department of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from April 2019 to May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the venous blood CO 2-CP levels at admission, the patients were divided into two groups: low CO 2-CP group (CO 2-CP < 23 mmol/L, n = 52) and high CO 2-CP group (CO 2-CP ≥ 23 mmol/L, n = 34). The CO 2-CP levels and changes between the two groups before and after thrombolytic therapy were compared. The National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) score was used to evaluate the improvement rate of patients after thrombolytic therapy [NIHSS score at admission-NIHSS score at discharge)/NIHSS score at admission ×100%] and in-hospital death was also recorded. The correlation between CO 2-CP levels and prognosis of patients with AIS during emergency visit was analyzed, the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive value of CO 2-CP in the prognosis of AIS patients. Results:The CO 2-CP levels of low CO 2-CP group and high CO 2-CP group after thrombolytic therapy were significantly higher than those before treatment (mmol/L: 23.08±2.34 vs. 20.46±1.51, 25.24±2.16 vs. 23.94±1.07, both P < 0.05). The differences of CO 2-CP before and after treatment in low CO 2-CP group were significantly higher than those in high CO 2-CP group (mmol/L: 2.62±0.83 vs. 1.30±1.09, P < 0.05). The improvement rate of CO 2-CP levels in the high CO 2-CP group (NIHSS improvement rate > 45%) was significantly higher than that in the low CO 2-CP group [85.29% (29/34) vs. 23.08% (12/52)], while the mortality in the low CO 2-CP group was significantly higher than that in the high CO 2-CP group [11.54% (6/52) vs. 0% (0/34), P < 0.05]. The AUC of CO 2-CP for the prognosis of patients with AIS thrombolysis was 0.820, the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.727-0.924, P = 0.000 1. Conclusion:AIS patients with CO 2-CP levels less than 23 mmol/L have a poor short-term prognosis, which has certain predictive and clinical reference value for choosing thrombolytic time in emergency stroke patients.