Objective:To explore the role of the gut microbiota in the effect of orlistat on pancreatic exocrine function in mice.Methods:Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal drinking water group and antibiotic group by using random number table method. In antibiotic group, vancomycin hydrochloride 0.5 g/L, ampicillin sodium 1 g/L, neomycin sulfate 1 g/L and metronidazole 1 g/L were added to the drinking water, which were administrated in combination for 2 weeks. The normal drinking water group and the antibiotic group were fed by normal diet (ND group, AND group), high-starch diet (HSD group, AHSD group), and high-fat diet (HFD group, AHFD group), respectively. The six groups were then gavaged with orlistat (O, 50 mg/kg) twice a day on the basis of the same diet, and were designated as ND+O group, AND+O group, HSD+O group, AHSD+O group, HFD+O group and AHFD+O group. The corresponding control groups were gavaged with the same amount of sterilized water, and the antibiotic group continued to drink antibiotic water. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Body weight and pancreatic weight were measured and recorded, and the pancreatic-to-body weight ratio was calculated. Blood samples were collected for the detection of inflammatory factor IL-6 and TNF α by ELISA. Pancreatic tissues were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining and subsequent pathological evaluation. Proteins were extracted from pancreatic tissues, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of pancreatic lipase and amylase.Results:In condition of normal diet and high fat diet, the body weights in the HFD group, HFD+O group, AHFD group [(37.22±4.49), (32.36±1.12), (33.64±2.52)g], were higher than that of ND group, ND+O group and AND group [(29.46±2.48), (27.48±1.98), (24.78±1.50)g], respectively; while the body weight of HFD+O group and AHFD+O group[(32.36±1.12), (27.82±0.61)g] were greatly lower than that of HFD group and AHFD group [(37.22±4.49), (33.64±2.52)g], respectively and body weight of ANFD+O group decreased to the level of normal diet group. In condition of normal diet, high fat diet and high starch diet, the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in ND+O group (7.51±1.51)mg/g than ND group (5.19±1.06)mg/g, in HSD+O group and AHSD+O group [(6.68±0.34), (6.80±0.72)mg/g] higher than HSD group (4.37±0.91), in HFD+O group and AHFD+O group [(6.43±0.20), (6.67±0.53)mg/g] higher than HFD group (4.58±0.42)mg/g. The pancreatic acinar cells in mice from the ND+O, AND, AND+O, HSD+O, AHSD, AHSD+O, HFD+O, AHFD, and AHFD+O groups had significantly higher density of zymogen granules and exhibited larger eosinophilic stained area. The expression of pancreatic lipase was higher in AND+O group (1.96±0.39) than ND group and ND+O group [(1.00±0.28), (1.16±0.49)], in AHSD+O group (1.70±0.36) than HSD group (0.83±0.15), in AHFD+O group (1.71±0.45) than HFD group and HFD+O group [(0.89±0.23), (0.98±0.17)]. All the differences above were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). Conclusions:The gut microbiota can reduce the damage of orlistat to exocrine function of the pancreas and has a protective effect on the exocrine function of the pancreas.

Objective:To explore the role of the gut microbiota in the effect of orlistat on pancreatic exocrine function in mice.Methods:Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal drinking water group and antibiotic group by using random number table method. In antibiotic group, vancomycin hydrochloride 0.5 g/L, ampicillin sodium 1 g/L, neomycin sulfate 1 g/L and metronidazole 1 g/L were added to the drinking water, which were administrated in combination for 2 weeks. The normal drinking water group and the antibiotic group were fed by normal diet (ND group, AND group), high-starch diet (HSD group, AHSD group), and high-fat diet (HFD group, AHFD group), respectively. The six groups were then gavaged with orlistat (O, 50 mg/kg) twice a day on the basis of the same diet, and were designated as ND+O group, AND+O group, HSD+O group, AHSD+O group, HFD+O group and AHFD+O group. The corresponding control groups were gavaged with the same amount of sterilized water, and the antibiotic group continued to drink antibiotic water. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Body weight and pancreatic weight were measured and recorded, and the pancreatic-to-body weight ratio was calculated. Blood samples were collected for the detection of inflammatory factor IL-6 and TNF α by ELISA. Pancreatic tissues were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining and subsequent pathological evaluation. Proteins were extracted from pancreatic tissues, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of pancreatic lipase and amylase.Results:In condition of normal diet and high fat diet, the body weights in the HFD group, HFD+O group, AHFD group [(37.22±4.49), (32.36±1.12), (33.64±2.52)g], were higher than that of ND group, ND+O group and AND group [(29.46±2.48), (27.48±1.98), (24.78±1.50)g], respectively; while the body weight of HFD+O group and AHFD+O group[(32.36±1.12), (27.82±0.61)g] were greatly lower than that of HFD group and AHFD group [(37.22±4.49), (33.64±2.52)g], respectively and body weight of ANFD+O group decreased to the level of normal diet group. In condition of normal diet, high fat diet and high starch diet, the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in ND+O group (7.51±1.51)mg/g than ND group (5.19±1.06)mg/g, in HSD+O group and AHSD+O group [(6.68±0.34), (6.80±0.72)mg/g] higher than HSD group (4.37±0.91), in HFD+O group and AHFD+O group [(6.43±0.20), (6.67±0.53)mg/g] higher than HFD group (4.58±0.42)mg/g. The pancreatic acinar cells in mice from the ND+O, AND, AND+O, HSD+O, AHSD, AHSD+O, HFD+O, AHFD, and AHFD+O groups had significantly higher density of zymogen granules and exhibited larger eosinophilic stained area. The expression of pancreatic lipase was higher in AND+O group (1.96±0.39) than ND group and ND+O group [(1.00±0.28), (1.16±0.49)], in AHSD+O group (1.70±0.36) than HSD group (0.83±0.15), in AHFD+O group (1.71±0.45) than HFD group and HFD+O group [(0.89±0.23), (0.98±0.17)]. All the differences above were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). Conclusions:The gut microbiota can reduce the damage of orlistat to exocrine function of the pancreas and has a protective effect on the exocrine function of the pancreas.

Over the years of exploration and development, the surgical techniques and prognosis of liver transplantation in China have been significantly improved, resulting in a notable decrease in the prevalence of postoperative complications. However, ischemic-type biliary lesion remain a non-negligible issue. The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University formulated and published the "Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic-Type Biliary Lesions after Liver Transplantation in Mainland China" in 2015, which has now been updated into a guideline based on current conditions and literature reports. This guideline elaborates in detail on the definition, incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention of high-risk factors, and treatment of ischemic-type biliary lesion, aiming to provide standardized and normative guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic-type biliary lesion after liver transplantation, thereby reducing the rate of re-transplantation and fatality, and to improve the overall quality of life of liver transplant recipients.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is one of important factors against from the damage under oxidative stress in human body. A high proportion of East Asians carry ALDH2 inactive mutation gene. There are many diseases closely related to ALDH2, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases. Recent studies also have found that ALDH2 is associated with ferroptosis. Therefore, ALDH2 has becoming a potential target for the treatment of the above related diseases. Several types of small molecule activators with potential value of clinical application have been reported. The research progress on the structure and function of ALDH2 , the relationship with human diseases and its activators were summarized in this paper.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of miRNA-146, OX-LDL and ROS in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). METHODS: 100 patients with POI were prospectively collected and 100 women with normal ovarian function were randomly selected as control group. Serum miRNA-146 expression level was detected by qRT-PCR and serum OX-LDL and ROS expression levels were detected by ELISA. Ovarian granulosa cells of mouse were transfected with miRNA-146 mimics or inhibitors, and then treated with OX-LDL. Cell viability, colony forming ability, apoptosis rate and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) of pathway proteins were evaluated respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression level of miRNA-146 in POI group was significantly lower, the expression level of OX-LDL and ROS were significantly higher, and the ovarian volume and peak systolic blood flow velocity of ovarian artery were significantly decreased in POI group. Upregulation of miRNA-146 expression had a protective effect on OX-LDL injured ovarian granulosa cells, as evidenced by increased ovarian granulosa cell viability and colony number, reduced apoptosis, and downregulation of TLR4/NF-κB expression. CONCLUSION miRNA-146 can target downstream TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway affects oxidative stress and inflammatory response of POI induced by OX-LDL and ROS, and is expected to become a biomarker for early prediction of POI and a new target for treatment.
Humans ; Female ; Mice ; Animals ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/pharmacology* ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/genetics* ; Apoptosis/genetics*

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of modified Zhibai Dihuangwan on children （female） with idiopathic precocious puberty （ICPP） and to explore the mechanism. MethodA total of 78 children with ICPP who were treated in Henan Children's Hospital from July 2019 to July 2020 were randomized into the observation group and control group by sealed envelope randomization with 39 in either group. The observation group was given modified Zhibai Dihuangwan （1 dose/day， oral， divided into two times） and the control group Zhibai Dihuangtang （1 dose/day， oral， divided into two times orally）. The treatment lasted 3 months for both groups. The changes of mammary nucleus length， maximum follicular diameter， uterus， and ovarian volume before and after treatment in the two groups were observed， and serum luteinizing hormone （LH） level， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） level， prolactin （PRL） level， and estrogen （E₂） level were detected in the two groups. At the cellular level， the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone （GnRH） and mRNA expression of precocious puberty-related genes Kiss-1 and G protein-coupled receptor 54 （GPR54） were measured. ResultLevels of serum sex hormones of the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment as compared with those before treatment （P<0.01）. After treatment， the length of the mammary nucleus and the maximum follicular diameter in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The total clinical effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group （P<0.01）. At the cellular level， the expression levels of GnRH， Kiss-1 and GPR54 mRNA in GT1-7 cells treated with modified Zhibai Dihuangwan were lower than those treated with traditional Zhibai Dihuangtang. ConclusionModified Zhibai Dihuangwan can effectively inhibit levels of serum sex hormones in children with ICPP and delay the development of mammary nucleus and ovary in children with precocious puberty. It is more effective than traditional Zhibai Dihuangtang， which is worthy of clinical promotion. The mechanism is the likelihood that it inhibits the expression of Kiss-1 and GPR54 mRNA.

Objective: To explore the association between factors affecting language development and Chinese dyslexia, providing scientific evidence for prevention and intervention of dyslexia. Methods: Twelve elementary schools were selected in Baoan, Shenzhen. The parents and head teachers of 12 868 children in grade 3-5 were surveyed by the Questionnaire for Children s Reading Ability, the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and the Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities. Results: The prevalence rate of dyslexia was 2.71%, with 349 children suffering from dyslexia. Gender, parental education and occupations, family income, whether parents work away from home before their child was 3 years old, average time mother spends with her child daily and number of languages spoken in family had statistical significance on dyslexia(all P <0.05). After adjusting for parental education and occupations, and family income, the children who spent more than 1 hour with their mothers per day had a significantly reduced risk of dyslexia (1-2: OR =0.46; 3-4: OR =0.45; 5-6: OR =0.40; >7 h: OR =0.36, P <0.05); the children living in families where two languages were used for communication had a significantly reduced risk of dyslexia( OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.57-0.96, P =0.02). Children with a history of language development disorders had a significantly increased risk of dyslexia( OR=17.30, 95%CI=7.86-38.09, P <0.01). Conclusion Increase of time mother spend with their child daily and paying more attention to the children with a history of language development disorders can help to prevent the occurrence of dyslexia.

Objective:To explore the effects of comprehensive reform of separation of medicine and pharmacy on intent to stay, perceived professional benefit and job satisfaction among nurses so as to provide a theoretical basis for stabilizing nursing team under the new situation of medical reform.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. We selected 600 nurses and 300 inpatients from on one ClassⅡ hospital and two ClassⅢ hospitals in Beijing in June 2017 (before comprehensive reform of separation of medicine and pharmacy) and June 2018 (after comprehensive reform of separation of medicine and pharmacy) as the research objects by convenience sampling. All research objects were investigated with the General Information Questionnaire for Nurses, Questionnaire for Nurse Intention to Remain Employed, Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefits Questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Survey and the Inpatients' Satisfaction with Nursing Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. In June 2017, a total of 600 nurse questionnaires were distributed, and 589 valid questionnaires were recovered with a recovery rate of 98.17%; 300 patient questionnaires were distributed, and 295 valid questionnaires were recovered with a recovery rate of 98.33%. In June 2018, a total of 600 nurse questionnaires were distributed, and 586 valid questionnaires were recovered with a recovery rate of 97.67%; 300 patient questionnaires were distributed, and 296 valid questionnaires were recovered with a recovery rate of 98.67%. We compared the intent to stay, perceived professional benefit and job satisfaction of nurses and patients' satisfaction with nursing work before and after medical reform.Results:After the comprehensive reform of separation of medicine and pharmacy, the score of intent to stay, total scores of perceived professional benefit and job satisfaction were (3.49±0.65) , (130.49±18.23) and (85.76±3.77) respectively among 586 nurses; among 296 patients, the total score of their satisfaction with nursing work was (96.52±2.01) ; those scores were higher than those before reform with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The implementation of comprehensive reform of separation of medicine and pharmacy has increased the satisfaction of patients with nursing work to a certain extent, and at the same time has increased nurses' intent to stay, perceived professional benefit and job satisfaction which is conducive to the stability of the nursing team and the improvement of the quality of nursing services.

Objective? To explore the current situation of intention to stay and its influencing factors and to analyze the correlations and interactions among resilience, perceived professional benefits and intention to stay. Methods? Cross-sectional survey was used in this study. In June 2017, we selected nurses from three general hospitals of aerospace system as respondents by convenience sampling. All of the nurses were investigated with the general information questionnaire, Nurses' Job Retention Questionnaire, Questionnaire of Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefits and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). A total of 600 questionnaires were sent out and 589 valid questionnaires were collected with 98.17% for the valid recovery rate. The data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation, multiple stepwise regression and mediating effect. Results? Among 589 nurses the total scores of intention to stay, perceived professional benefits and resilience were (3.28±0.58), (128.85±17.48) and (86.55±12.11) respectively. There were statistical differences in the scores of intention to stay among nurses with different ages, authorized sizes, job title, length of care time, operating hours, self-health conditions and burdens of family (P＜ 0.05). Pearson correlation showed that nurses' resilience and perceived professional benefits had positive correlations with the intention to stay (r=0.387, 0.557;P＜0.05). Multiple stepwise regression showed that the five main influencing factors of nurses' intention to stay included health condition, nursing years, positive perceived profession, team sense of belonging and tenacity which explained 35.3% of the variance of nurses' intention to stay. Nurses' resilience had a partial mediation effect between perceived professional benefits and intention to stay with 12.43% for the effect value. Conclusions? Nurses' intension to stay is in a medium level which influenced by many factors. Nursing managers can increase nurses' intension to stay by improving nurses' perceived professional benefits and resilience.

Objective? To review the meta-analysis of lifestyle risk factors for Alzheimer disease in order to find out the quality of the current articles and to provide evidence for preventing Alzheimer disease. Methods? CNKI,Wanfang,CBM,PubMed、EMBASE、ProQuest、Cochrane Library were searched on computer for Meta-analyses in lifestyle risk factors of Alzheimer disease. Two authors independently selected the articles,extracted data,and used JBI to evaluate the quality of literature system evaluation and the evaluation method of meta-analysis evidence grade for methodological and evidence quality evaluation. Results? A total of 34 articles were included which involved smoking,alcohol consumption,exercise,social activities,sleep, diet,coffee/tea. Among them, the effects of smoking and drinking alcohol and coffee/tea need further support by evidence. Conclusions? Intervention on lifestyle can be effective in preventing Alzheimer disease,however, more high quality original studies are needed to explore more risk factors of Alzheimer disease.