Objective To investigate the occurrence status quo and influencing factors of low muscle mass(LMM)among young and middle-aged health examination population.Methods The young and middle-aged people undergoing the body composition analysis in this hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The general data,body composition indices and biochemical indicators were col-lected.The body composition analysis was performed by the bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA).LMM was diagnosed based on the skeletal muscle index.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of LMN occurrence in the young and middle-aged health examination population.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)were em-ployed to evaluate the predictive value of each indicator.Results A total of 2 351 people undergoing the phys-ical examination were included,aged 18-49 years old,366(15.57％)cases of LMM were detected out.The skeletal muscle index,sex,age,age group distribution,body mass index(BMI),body fat percentage(BFP),body fat percentage grade,visceral fat area(VFA),AST/ALT,Hb,serum creatinine,blood uric acid,HbA1c,fasting blood glucose,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,TG and triglyceride-glucose index(TyG)had statistical differences between the LMM group and normal group(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the sex(OR=2.606,95％CI:1.755-3.870),BMI(OR=0.579,95％CI:0.538-0.623),BFP(OR=5.885,95％CI:4.176-8.292)and VFA(OR=0.955,95％CI:0.944-0.967)were the influencing factors for the LMM oc-currence in the young and middle-aged people undergoing the physical examination(P＜0.001).The ROC a-nalysis showed the AUC values of the sex,BMI,BFP and VFA for predicting LMM were 0.580,0.821,0.636 and 0.715 respectively,in which the predictive value of BMI was highest.Conclusion The population of fe-male,low BMI,high BFP and low VFA maybe the high-risk groups for LMM.The health management for the above-mentioned groups needs to be strengthened.

Objective:To investigate the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on reducing residual lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:The cohort of this retrospective study comprised patients from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University who had undergone systemic treatment prior to gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and had achieved Grade 1 primary tumor regression (TRG1) from January 2014 to December 2023. After exclusion of patients who had undergone preoperative radiotherapy, data of 58 patients (Nanfang Hospital: 46; First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University: 12) were analyzed. These patients were allocated to preoperative chemotherapy (Chemotherapy group, N=36 cases) and preoperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy groups (Immunotherapy group, N=22 cases). There were no significant differences between these groups in sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, tumor location, pathological type, Lauren classification, tumor differentiation, pretreatment depth of invasion by primary tumor, pretreatment lymph node stage, pretreatment clinical stage, mismatch repair protein status, number of preoperative treatment cycles, or duration of preoperative treatment (all P>0.05). The primary outcome measure was postoperative lymph node downstaging. Secondary outcomes included postoperative depth of invasion by tumor, number of lymph nodes examined, and factors affecting residual lymph node metastasis status. Results:Lymph node downstaging was achieved significantly more often in the Immunotherapy group than the Chemotherapy group (pN0: 90.9% [20/22] vs. 61.1% [22/36]; pN1: 4.5% [1/22] vs. 36.1% [13/36]; pN2: 4.5% [1/22) vs. 0; pN3: 0 vs. 2.8% [1/36], Z=-2.315, P=0.021). There were no significant difference between the two groups in number of lymph nodes examined (40.5±16.3 vs. 40.8±17.5, t=0.076, P=0.940) or postoperative depth of invasion by primary tumor (pT1a: 50.0% [11/22] vs. 30.6% [11/36]; pT1b: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 19.4% [7/36]; pT2: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 13.9% [5/36]; pT3: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 25.0% [9/36]; pT4a: 9.1% [2/22] vs. 11.1% [4/36], Z=-1.331, P=0.183). Univariate analysis revealed that both preoperative treatment regimens were associated with residual lymph node metastasis status in patients whose primary tumor regression was TRG1 (χ 2=6.070, P=0.014). Multivariate analysis incorporated the following factors: pretreatment depth of invasion by primary tumor, pretreatment lymph node stage, pretreatment clinical stage, number of preoperative treatment cycles, and preoperative treatment duration. We found that a combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy administered preoperatively was an independent protective factor for reducing residual lymph node metastases in study patients whose primary tumor regression was TRG1 (OR=0.147, 95%CI: 0.026–0.828, P=0.030). Conclusion:Compared with preoperative chemotherapy alone, a combination of preoperative immunotherapy and chemotherapy achieved greater reduction of residual lymph node metastases in the study patients who achieved TRG1 tumor regression in their primary lesions.

Objective:To investigate the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on reducing residual lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:The cohort of this retrospective study comprised patients from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University who had undergone systemic treatment prior to gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and had achieved Grade 1 primary tumor regression (TRG1) from January 2014 to December 2023. After exclusion of patients who had undergone preoperative radiotherapy, data of 58 patients (Nanfang Hospital: 46; First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University: 12) were analyzed. These patients were allocated to preoperative chemotherapy (Chemotherapy group, N=36 cases) and preoperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy groups (Immunotherapy group, N=22 cases). There were no significant differences between these groups in sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, tumor location, pathological type, Lauren classification, tumor differentiation, pretreatment depth of invasion by primary tumor, pretreatment lymph node stage, pretreatment clinical stage, mismatch repair protein status, number of preoperative treatment cycles, or duration of preoperative treatment (all P>0.05). The primary outcome measure was postoperative lymph node downstaging. Secondary outcomes included postoperative depth of invasion by tumor, number of lymph nodes examined, and factors affecting residual lymph node metastasis status. Results:Lymph node downstaging was achieved significantly more often in the Immunotherapy group than the Chemotherapy group (pN0: 90.9% [20/22] vs. 61.1% [22/36]; pN1: 4.5% [1/22] vs. 36.1% [13/36]; pN2: 4.5% [1/22) vs. 0; pN3: 0 vs. 2.8% [1/36], Z=-2.315, P=0.021). There were no significant difference between the two groups in number of lymph nodes examined (40.5±16.3 vs. 40.8±17.5, t=0.076, P=0.940) or postoperative depth of invasion by primary tumor (pT1a: 50.0% [11/22] vs. 30.6% [11/36]; pT1b: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 19.4% [7/36]; pT2: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 13.9% [5/36]; pT3: 13.6% [3/22] vs. 25.0% [9/36]; pT4a: 9.1% [2/22] vs. 11.1% [4/36], Z=-1.331, P=0.183). Univariate analysis revealed that both preoperative treatment regimens were associated with residual lymph node metastasis status in patients whose primary tumor regression was TRG1 (χ 2=6.070, P=0.014). Multivariate analysis incorporated the following factors: pretreatment depth of invasion by primary tumor, pretreatment lymph node stage, pretreatment clinical stage, number of preoperative treatment cycles, and preoperative treatment duration. We found that a combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy administered preoperatively was an independent protective factor for reducing residual lymph node metastases in study patients whose primary tumor regression was TRG1 (OR=0.147, 95%CI: 0.026–0.828, P=0.030). Conclusion:Compared with preoperative chemotherapy alone, a combination of preoperative immunotherapy and chemotherapy achieved greater reduction of residual lymph node metastases in the study patients who achieved TRG1 tumor regression in their primary lesions.

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) incidence among residents with different characteristics during 9 years of comprehensive hypertension prevention and control (hypertension prevention and control) in Tengzhou from 2013 to 2021.Methods:From January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2021, the new ICH cases collected by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Tengzhou City were analyzed to calculate the incidence of ICH, and the trend of its distribution was analyzed among residents with different ages, sexes, and between urban and rural areas. The registered population information came from Tengzhou Public Security Bureau. Age and sex standardized incidence was calculated based on the 7th National Population Census in 2020. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the time and age trends of the incidence.Results:The overall ICH crude and standardized incidence in Tengzhou City decreased from 97.30/100 000 to 52.13/100 000 ( Z=-9.93, P<0.001) and 119.30/100 000 to 50.69/100 000 ( Z=-15.40, P<0.001) from 2013 to 2021, and both elevated to form a single peak in 2020, with 22.58% ( χ 2=24.02, P<0.001) and 18.09% ( χ 2=17.08, P<0.001) higher than in 2019, respectively. The trends in male and female incidence over the same period were similar to the overall trends, and the incidence was higher in males than in females in all years. The incidence of ICH increased with age in all years. The difference of increase in male incidence rate in 2020 was statistically significant in three age groups ≥45 years compared with 2019 (36.29%, 23.57% and 16.18%, respectively, χ 2=6.73, 4.65, 4.00, P<0.001). The incidence of ICH decreased by 70.07% and 36.23% ( Z=18.44, 5.22, P<0.001) in urban and rural areas respectively from 2013 to 2021, whereas increased by 34.15% ( χ 2=10.88, P<0.01) and 22.08% ( χ 2=18.63, P<0.001) in 2020 compared with 2019 separately. Conclusions:The incidence of ICH in Tengzhou from 2013 to 2021 showed a significant downward trend, with the decrease in the incidence of ICH in women exceeding that in men. The decrease in the incidence of ICH in urban areas exceeded that in rural areas, and male morbidity seemingly had a younger trend.

Objective:To investigate the urodynamic characteristics in parkinsonian-type multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) and Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to identify the differential diagnostic ability of urodynamic study.Methods:Sixty-eight MSA-P patients and 85 PD patients with LUTS who underwent urodynamic studies and were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2017 to December 2020 were reviewed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discriminatory power of urodynamic parameters.Results:Compared with PD, patients with MSA-P had shorter disease duration [2.70 (2.05, 3.00) years vs 5.00 (4.00, 6.00) years, Z=-7.44, P<0.001]. In free uroflowmetry (UFM) and pressure-flow study (PFS), patients with MSA-P showed lower maximal flow rate [Qmax; UFM-Qmax 6.00 (3.00, 8.75) ml/s vs 9.00 (6.00, 14.00) ml/s, Z=-4.31, P<0.001; PFS-Qmax[6.00 (3.00, 8.75) ml/s vs 9.00 (6.00, 14.00) ml/s, Z=-4.03, P<0.001] and larger postvoid residual [PVR;UFM-PVR 207.50 (113.75, 280.00) ml vs 45.00 (10.00, 117.50) ml, Z =-6.03, P<0.001; PFS-PVR 269.00 (148.75, 337.50) ml vs 75.00 (20.00, 167.50) ml, Z=-6.55, P<0.001)] with decreased compliance [42.65% (29/68) vs 14.12% (12/85), χ 2=15.68, P<0.001], decreased detrusor pressure at maximun flow rate [PdetQmax; 13.00 (6.00, 27.75) cmH 2O vs 27.00 (15.00, 39.50) cmH 2O, Z=-4.65, P<0.001; 1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa] and impaired contractility [43.00 (34.00, 59.25) vs 79.00 (46.50, 100.00), Z=-5.44, P<0.001]. Compared with the MSA-P patients, detrusor overactivity (DO) was prominent in PD [54.41% (37/68) vs 78.82% (67/85), χ 2=10.34, P=0.001]. The ROC curve results showed that PFS-PVR had highest area under the curve (AUC), which was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74-0.88, P<0.001), followed by UFM-PVR, bladder contractility index and PdetQmax (0.78, 0.76 and 0.72, respectively). Conclusions:Patients with MSA-P showed lower Qmax and larger PVR with decreased bladder compliance and impaired contractility, while patients with PD had higher incidence of DO. The ROC results showed that PFS-PVR had the highest AUC and specificity in the differential diagnosis of MSA-P and PD,indicating that urodynamic study is a useful tool in differential diagnosis of patients with MSA-P and PD with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Objective:To investigate the urodynamic characteristics in Parkinson's disease(PD)versus multiple system atrophy(MSA)patients with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).Methods:We performed a retrospective study in PD and MSA patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and undergone urodynamic examinations from January 2016 to June 2019.A total of 178 patients, mean age(59.2±9.7)years were enrolled, with 64 PD patients, 74 MSA patients and 40 normal controls.Urodynamic parameters included maximum flow rate(Qmax), post-voided residual urine volume(PVR), bladder compliance(BC), overactive bladder(OAB), maximum cystometric capacity(MCC)and detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate(PdetQmax). Bladder function was assessed.Results:Frequent urination(68.8%)was the most common LUTS in PD patients, as opposed to urinary retention(91.9%)in MSA patients.The Qmax, PdetQmax and incidence of OAB were higher and the PVR were lower in PD patients than in MSA patients [free-flow(FF)-Qmax: (13.5±7.1)ml/s vs.(10.1±5.2)ml/s, U=26.98, P<0.01]; pressure-flow study(PFS)-Qmax: [(13.6±5.7)ml/s vs.(10.5±3.3)ml/s, U=34.90, P<0.01]; PFS-PdetQmax: [(23.9±11.3)cm H 2O vs.(16.3±8.6)cmH 2O, U=35.04, P<0.01]; OAB: (46.9% vs.27.0%, χ2=5.85, P<0.01); FF-PVR: [(30.4±20.0)ml vs.(161.7±79.8)ml, U=-71.81, P<0.01]; PFS-PVR: [(65.9±30.7)ml vs.(212.6±83.0)ml, U=-65.29, P<0.01]. Compared with the control group, the incidences of OAB and PFS-PVR were increased and the MCC and PdetQmax were decreased in the PD group(OAB: 46.9% vs.7.5%, χ2=6.15, P<0.018); PFS-PVR: [(65.9±30.7)ml vs.(22.2±10.4)ml, U=47.25, P<0.01]; MCC: [(305.1±79.7)ml vs.(389.6±65.2)ml, U=-52.13, P<0.01]; PdetQmax: [(23.9±11.3)cmH 2O vs.(37.3±10.3)cmH 2O, U=-49.88, P<0.01]. Compared also with the control group, the MSA group had a lower Qmax, PdetQmax and MCC, FF-Qmax: [(10.1±5.2)ml/s vs.(16.3±4.7)ml/s, U=-50.11, P<0.01]; PFS-Qmax: [(10.5±3.3)ml/s vs.(13.1±5.0)ml/s, U=-27.54, P<0.05]; PdetQmax: [(16.3±8.6)cmH 2O vs.(37.3±10.3)cmH 2O, U=-84.92, P<0.01]; MCC: [(284.3±71.8)ml vs.(389.6±65.2)ml, U=-39.31, P<0.01], a higher PVR, lower bladder compliance(BC)and a higher incidence of OAB(FF-PVR: [(161.7±79.8)ml vs.(22.0±13.0)ml, U=84.82, P<0.01]; PFS-PVR: [(212.6±83.0)ml vs.(22.2±10.4)ml, U=112.54, P<0.01]; BC: (28.4% vs.7.5%, χ2=6.81, P<0.01); OAB: (27.0% vs.7.5%, χ2=17.62, P<0.01). Conclusions:PD and MSA patients with LUTS have bladder dysfunction.MSA patients have more serious bladder dysfunction than PD patients.

Objective To compare the value of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in diagnosing benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 88 patients who received biopsy for cervical lymph node enlargement from January 2015 to May 2017.FNA (n =39) or CNB (n =49) were performed respectively to compare the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the two methods in diagnosing benign and malignant cervical lymph node enlargement.Results 84.6％ (33/39) of FNA cases were successfully collected,and 98％ (48/49) of FNA cases were successfully collected for definite pathological diagnosis (P =0.000).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of FNA and CNB in diagnosing malignant cervical lymph nodes were 90.9％ and 97.2％,94.1％ and 100％,92.3％ and 98％,respectively.Compared with FNA,there were statistically significant differences in sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant lymphatic lesions in cervical enlargement (P ＜0.01).The sensitivity and specificity of FNA and CNB in diagnosing cervical lymph node metastatic carcinoma were 100％ and 100％,95.2％ and 100％.Compared with FNA,there was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity to the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastatic carcinoma (P =0.102).Conclusions CNB is superior to FNA in sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosing cervical lymphadenopathy.However,when metastatic cancer was diagnosed,FNA was not significantly different from CNB in sensitivity (P =0.102),and FNA was recommended as the first choice.

Objective:To investigate the effect of continuous use of aspirin on gallbladder function and thromboembolism risk in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods:Totally 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy from October 2010 to October 2014 were selected as the subjects. All the patients were given aspirin for a long time and randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the observation group were treated with aspirin continuously, and the control group suspended aspirin 7 days before the surgery and administrated aspirin continuously after the surgery. The perioperative thromboembolism,changes in gallbladder function and coagulation function, and intraoperative and postoperative differences in the indicators were compared between the groups. Results:The gallbladder volume in the observation group decreased, and the gallbladder contraction rate and emptying index were higher than those on the 7th day before the surgery(P < 0.05). The above indices were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the coagulation function after the treatment in both groups(P >0.05). There were no significant differences in the operative time,intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and postoperative hospital stay between the groups (P > 0.05). The total incidence of perioperative thromboembolism in the observation group was 2.0%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(P< 0.05).Conclusion:Continuous use of aspirin during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is beneficial to reducing the volume of gallbladder, promoting gallbladder emptying and reducing the risk of perioperative thromboembolism. The reasonable use has no obvious effect on the postoperative coagulation function.

Objective To detect the change of exoression level of plasma microRNA‐21(miR‐21) and TGF‐β1 in cardiac remode‐lin affer acute myocardial infarction(AMI) of the pateins .Methods 200 pateints with AMI and 100 normal controls(age ,sex matched) were enrolled .Blood samples were obtained from the normal controls and patients with AMI on the 3 days ,7 days and 14 days .Real‐time PCR was developed to detect the expression of miR‐21 and TGF‐β1 in plasma .Results The expression of miR‐21 was significantly up‐regulation in the 3 days ,7 days and 14 days in MI group than that cntrol group ,0 .74 ± 0 .21 vs .2 .62 ± 0 .23 , vs .3 .67 ± 0 .25 ,vs .4 .13 ± 0 .27 up‐regulation in the 3 days ,7 days and 14 days in MI group than that cntrol group ,0 .98 ± 0 .18 vs .2 .35 ± 0 .24 ,vs .3 .67 ± 0 .25 ,vs .4 .13 ± 0 .27 ,P<0 .05 ,respectively .The expression of miR‐21 and TGF‐β1 were up‐regulation with the change of cardiac function .Positive relationship between miRNA‐21 expression and LVDd (r=0 .757 ,P<0 .05);Positive relationship between TGF‐β1 mRNA expression and LVDd(r=0 .701 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of miR‐21 and TGF‐β1 were up‐regulation in cardiac remodelin affer AMI of the pateins ,which involved in regulation in cardiac remodelin affer AMI .

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical features and mutations of MYO5B gene in a family affected with microvillus inclusion disease.

METHODSClinical data of an infant affected with microvillus inclusion disease was collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from the patient and her parents. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were performed to analyze all the exons and their flanking sequences of the MYO5B gene.

RESULTSThe patient presented with complicated manifestations including respiratory distress syndrome, dehydration, acidosis, bowel dilatation, liver and kidney dysfunction, and severe and intractable diarrhea. A compound mutation of the MYO5B gene, i.e., IVS37-1G>C/c.2729_2731delC (p.R911Afs916X), was discovered in the patient. The former was a splice-site mutation inherited from the mother, while the latter was a frameshift mutation inherited from the father. Both were not reported previously.

CONCLUSIONBased on the clinical and molecular evidence, the patient was diagnosed with microvillus inclusion disease. Above finding has expanded the mutation spectrum of the MYO5B gene, which can provide valuable information for genetic counseling for the family.

Family ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; methods ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Malabsorption Syndromes ; genetics ; Male ; Microvilli ; genetics ; pathology ; Mucolipidoses ; genetics ; Mutation ; genetics ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Myosin Type V ; genetics ; Phenotype