The development of blood purification materials has progressed from cellulose membranes to high-strength polymer membranes, but the blood compatibility of the membranes remains a major challenge for their clinical applications. In this review, blood purification materials were categorized according to the commonly used material surface modification strategies, including surface grafting of anticoagulant groups, surface coating of materials and electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly, covalent attachment of superhydrophilic hydrogels, and blending method. Anticoagulant properties such as clotting time and surface hydrophilicity of various blood purification materials were also discussed to further analyze the value and challenges of blood purification materials in clinical practice.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on myocardial fibrosis(MF)and explore its action targets and mechanisms through a combination of animal pharmacodynamics,cell biology,and network pharmacology approaches.Methods Thirty-five male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the normal group,model group,CFM low-dose(0.72 g/kg)group,CFM high-dose(1.44 g/kg)group,and sacubitril valsartan sodium group(20 mg/kg)based on random number table,with 7 mice in each group.Except for the normal group,the mice in the other groups were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol(20 mg/kg)at multiple points once daily for 21 consecutive days to establish the MF model.The CFM groups were pre-administered by gavage 3 days before modeling,the sacubitril valsartan sodium group was administered starting from the day of modeling,and the normal group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water.The active ingredients in CFM were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC).On days 7,14,and 21 of modeling,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVIDd),and left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVIDs)of mice were detected by ultrasound.The degree of myocardial fibrosis in mice was assessed by Masson staining.The levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),type I collagen(COL I),and type Ⅲcollagen(COL Ⅲ)in the myocardial tissue of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The average fluorescence intensity of α-SMA in myocardial tissue was detected by immunofluorescence.In addition,by integrating Cellular Thermal Shift Assay(CETSA),QE proteomic analysis,and network pharmacology techniques,we systematically explored the potential core targets and mechanisms of action by which CFM improves MF,and validated these findings using western blotting analysis.Results Main eight chemical components were identified from CFM.Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited a decrease in LVEF and LVFS,an increase in LVIDd and LVIDs,a higher heart weight to tibia length ratio,and an increased collagen volume fraction(P<0.05),along with aggravated MF.Concurrently,the myocardial tissue showed elevated levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,COL I,and COL Ⅲ(P<0.05),with enhanced α-SMA fluorescence signal intensity.In comparison to the model group,all groups of CFM and the sacubitril valsartan sodium group demonstrated an increase in LVEF and LVFS,and a decrease in LVIDd,LVIDs,and the heart weight to tibia length ratio(P<0.05).Simultaneously,the collagen volume fraction decreased,and the levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,COL I,and COL Ⅲ in myocardial tissue were down-regulated(P<0.05).The degree of MF was reduced,and the fluorescence signal intensity of α-SMA expression was weakened.Furthermore,the combined analysis of CETSA,QE proteomics,and network pharmacology revealed that heat shock protein A family member 8(HSPA8)may be a potential core target for CFM in ameliorating MF.CETSA-western blotting analysis further confirmed that CFM could enhance the thermal stability of HSPA8 protein and down-regulate the relative expression level of HSPA8 protein in mouse myocardial tissue(P<0.05).Conclusion CFM can ameliorate isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice,reduce collagen deposition,and reverse the pathological progression of MF.The underlying mechanism may be associated with the regulation of HSPA8.

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of deproteinized calf blood extract (DCBE) eye drops and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of diabetic cataract patients with dry eye after phacoemulsification.Methods:A randomized controlled study was performed.A total of 112 patients (116 eyes) with type Ⅱ diabetes combined with cataract and dry eye who underwent phacoemulsification in the Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2022 to September 2022 were selected.Patients were divided into DCBE group (49 cases, 51 eyes) and sodium hyaluronate group (63 cases, 65 eyes) by the random number table method.Patients received DCBE eye drops and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops after surgery according to grouping.Preoperative and postoperative 1 week, 1 month subjective symptoms of dry eye, corneal edema grade, tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) results were recorded and compared.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (No.SDSYKYY202112-1).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:There were significant differences in dry eye symptom score, TBUT and SⅠt at different time points between before and after surgery ( Ftime=323.202, 102.771, 151.876; all P<0.001).Dry eye symptom score decreased and SⅠt increased in the two groups at 1 week and 1 month after surgery compared with before surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.017).TBUT was longer at 1 week and 1 month after surgery compared with before surgery in the DCBE group, and TBUT at 1 month after surgery was longer than that before surgery in the sodium hyaluronate group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.017).There were statistically significant differences in CFS scores between the two groups at different time points before and after surgery ( Fgroup=5.391, P=0.022; Ftime=142.402, P<0.001).The CFS scores of both groups at 1 week and 1 month after surgery were lower than those before surgery, and CFS scores in the DCBE group were lower than those in the sodium hyaluronate group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.017).One week after surgery, the proportion of patients with corneal edema in the DCBE group was 5.9%(3/51), which was significantly lower than 20.0%(13/65) in the sodium hyaluronate group ( χ2=4.790, P=0.029). Conclusions:DCBE eye drops can promote corneal repair, stabilize tear film and improve dry eye discomfort in early postoperative period in diabetic cataract, and its overall effect is better than 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops.

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of deproteinized calf blood extract (DCBE) eye drops and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of diabetic cataract patients with dry eye after phacoemulsification.Methods:A randomized controlled study was performed.A total of 112 patients (116 eyes) with type Ⅱ diabetes combined with cataract and dry eye who underwent phacoemulsification in the Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2022 to September 2022 were selected.Patients were divided into DCBE group (49 cases, 51 eyes) and sodium hyaluronate group (63 cases, 65 eyes) by the random number table method.Patients received DCBE eye drops and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops after surgery according to grouping.Preoperative and postoperative 1 week, 1 month subjective symptoms of dry eye, corneal edema grade, tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) results were recorded and compared.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (No.SDSYKYY202112-1).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:There were significant differences in dry eye symptom score, TBUT and SⅠt at different time points between before and after surgery ( Ftime=323.202, 102.771, 151.876; all P<0.001).Dry eye symptom score decreased and SⅠt increased in the two groups at 1 week and 1 month after surgery compared with before surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.017).TBUT was longer at 1 week and 1 month after surgery compared with before surgery in the DCBE group, and TBUT at 1 month after surgery was longer than that before surgery in the sodium hyaluronate group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.017).There were statistically significant differences in CFS scores between the two groups at different time points before and after surgery ( Fgroup=5.391, P=0.022; Ftime=142.402, P<0.001).The CFS scores of both groups at 1 week and 1 month after surgery were lower than those before surgery, and CFS scores in the DCBE group were lower than those in the sodium hyaluronate group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.017).One week after surgery, the proportion of patients with corneal edema in the DCBE group was 5.9%(3/51), which was significantly lower than 20.0%(13/65) in the sodium hyaluronate group ( χ2=4.790, P=0.029). Conclusions:DCBE eye drops can promote corneal repair, stabilize tear film and improve dry eye discomfort in early postoperative period in diabetic cataract, and its overall effect is better than 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on myocardial fibrosis(MF)and explore its action targets and mechanisms through a combination of animal pharmacodynamics,cell biology,and network pharmacology approaches.Methods Thirty-five male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the normal group,model group,CFM low-dose(0.72 g/kg)group,CFM high-dose(1.44 g/kg)group,and sacubitril valsartan sodium group(20 mg/kg)based on random number table,with 7 mice in each group.Except for the normal group,the mice in the other groups were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol(20 mg/kg)at multiple points once daily for 21 consecutive days to establish the MF model.The CFM groups were pre-administered by gavage 3 days before modeling,the sacubitril valsartan sodium group was administered starting from the day of modeling,and the normal group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water.The active ingredients in CFM were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC).On days 7,14,and 21 of modeling,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVIDd),and left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVIDs)of mice were detected by ultrasound.The degree of myocardial fibrosis in mice was assessed by Masson staining.The levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),type I collagen(COL I),and type Ⅲcollagen(COL Ⅲ)in the myocardial tissue of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The average fluorescence intensity of α-SMA in myocardial tissue was detected by immunofluorescence.In addition,by integrating Cellular Thermal Shift Assay(CETSA),QE proteomic analysis,and network pharmacology techniques,we systematically explored the potential core targets and mechanisms of action by which CFM improves MF,and validated these findings using western blotting analysis.Results Main eight chemical components were identified from CFM.Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited a decrease in LVEF and LVFS,an increase in LVIDd and LVIDs,a higher heart weight to tibia length ratio,and an increased collagen volume fraction(P<0.05),along with aggravated MF.Concurrently,the myocardial tissue showed elevated levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,COL I,and COL Ⅲ(P<0.05),with enhanced α-SMA fluorescence signal intensity.In comparison to the model group,all groups of CFM and the sacubitril valsartan sodium group demonstrated an increase in LVEF and LVFS,and a decrease in LVIDd,LVIDs,and the heart weight to tibia length ratio(P<0.05).Simultaneously,the collagen volume fraction decreased,and the levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,COL I,and COL Ⅲ in myocardial tissue were down-regulated(P<0.05).The degree of MF was reduced,and the fluorescence signal intensity of α-SMA expression was weakened.Furthermore,the combined analysis of CETSA,QE proteomics,and network pharmacology revealed that heat shock protein A family member 8(HSPA8)may be a potential core target for CFM in ameliorating MF.CETSA-western blotting analysis further confirmed that CFM could enhance the thermal stability of HSPA8 protein and down-regulate the relative expression level of HSPA8 protein in mouse myocardial tissue(P<0.05).Conclusion CFM can ameliorate isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice,reduce collagen deposition,and reverse the pathological progression of MF.The underlying mechanism may be associated with the regulation of HSPA8.

Threatened abortion is a common disease of obstetrics and gynecology and one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in TCM obstetrics and gynecology， Western medicine obstetrics and gynecology， and pharmacology to deeply discuss the advantages of TCM and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment as well as the medication plans for threatened abortion. After discussion， the experts concluded that chromosome， endocrine， and immune abnormalities were the key factors for the occurrence of threatened abortion， and the Qi and blood disorders in thoroughfare and conception vessels were the core pathogenesis. In the treatment of threatened abortion， TCM has advantages in preventing miscarriages， alleviating clinical symptoms and TCM syndromes， relieving anxiety， regulating reproductive endocrine and immune abnormalities， personalized and diversified treatment， enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity， and preventing the disease before occurrence. The difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese and Western medicine lies in identifying the predictors of abortion caused by maternal factors and the treatment of thrombophilia. Recurrent abortion is the breakthrough point of treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It is urgent to carry out high-quality evidence-based medicine research in the future to improve the modern diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with TCM.

Objective To investigate the incidence of central obesity and characteristics and changing trend of macronutrient energy supply in adult residents of Chongqing, and to analyze the relationship between carbohydrate energy supply and central obesity. Methods Using the longitudinal tracking data of China Health and Nutrition Survey project, combined with China food composition table , the energy and nutrient intake and macronutrient energy supply ratio were calculated. The association between carbohydrate energy supply and central obesity was analyzed by multi-level statistical model. Results In 2011, 2015 and 2018, the carbohydrate supply ratio of adult residents in Chongqing was 43.02%, 46.52%, and 46.07%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=18.699, P<0.001). The overweight rates in 2011, 2015, and 2018 were 29.2%, 36.7%, and 37.8%, while the obesity rates were 12.2%, 13.5%, and 19.5%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ²=41.416, P<0.001). The central obesity rates were 51.5%, 57.2%, and 62.8%, respectively (χ²=21.008, P<0.001). The carbohydrate supply ratio was positively correlated with waist circumference. Compared to the population with a carbohydrate to energy ratio of <55%, the risk of central obesity in the population with a carbohydrate to energy ratio of ≥ 65% was 1.63 times higher. Conclusion The ratio of carbohydrate to energy supply of adult residents in Chongqing has slightly increased. Rates of overweight, obesity and central obesity are on the rise. A high carbohydrate to energy supply ratio may be a risk factor for central obesity.

Objective:To investigate the effect of low-dose ketamine on neuroinflammation and microcirculation in mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Sixty adult male C57BL/6 mice, weighing 22-28 g, were randomly divided into sham-operated group, TBI group, Sham+ketamine group, and TBI+ketamine group ( n=15). A controlled cortical impingement (CCI) method was used to establish TBI models in the later 2 groups. Sham+ketamine group and TBI+ketamine group were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg ketamine once daily for 3 d at 30 min after TBI; sham-operated group and TBI group were intraperitoneally injected same amount of saline at the same time points. Cerebral cortical blood flow in 6 mice from each group was measured by laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) before, immediately after, 30 min after, 1 d after and 3 d after modeling, respectively. Three d after modeling, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescent double label staining were used to detect the nuclear translocation of microglia markers, ionized calcin-antibody-1 (Iba-1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in damaged cortical brain tissues in 6 mice from each group. The remaining 3 mice in each group were sacrificed and tissue plasma was extracted 3 d after modeling; levels of NF-κB p65, phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65, p-IκB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cortical brain tissues were detected by Western blotting. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1-β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), iNOS, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cortical brain tissues were detected by ELISA. Results:LSCI indicated that, 3 d after modeling, relative blood flow in local cerebral microcirculation of TBI+ketamine group was significantly increased compared with that of TBI group ( P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining indicated that compared with the sham-operated group and Sham+ketamine group, the TBI group and TBI+ketamine group had significantly increased number of Iba-1 positive cells in the cerebral cortex ( P<0.05); compared with the TBI group, the TBI+ketamine group had significantly decreased number of Iba-1 positive cells ( P<0.05). ELISA indicated that compared with the sham-operated group and Sham+ketamine group, the TBI group and TBI+ketamine group had significantly increased expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, ROS and RNS in damaged cortical brain tissues ( P<0.05); compared with the TBI group, the TBI+ ketamine group had significantly decreased expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, ROS and RNS in damaged cortical brain tissues ( P<0.05). Immunofluorescent double label staining indicated obviously inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in TBI+ketamine group when it was compared with TBI group. Western blotting indicated that compared with the sham-operated group and Sham+ketamine group, the TBI+ketamine group had significantly increased iNOS, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 and P-IκB protein expressions in damaged cortical brain tissues ( P<0.05); compared with the TBI group, the TBI+ketamine group had significantly decreased protein expressions of iNOS, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκB in damaged cortical brain tissues ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Low-dose ketamine reduces neuroinflammation and improves cerebral microcirculatory blood flow after open TBI, whose mechanism may be related to inhibition of microglia NF-κB/iNOS pathway.

Objective To analyze the correlation of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1(IFIT1)with immune infiltration and prognosis of ovarian cancer(OC).Methods GEO database was employed to select the tumor immune related genes,and Kaplan-Meier and Prognoscan databases were used to identify the genes significantly associated with OC prognosis.The differential expression of IFIT1 between OC tissue and normal tissue were confirmed with GEPIA,Human Protein Atlas,and Timer databases.The expression level of IFIT1 in OC tissues with different grades and stages were analyzed in the UALCAN database.In addition,based on David database,GO enrichment analysis was used to analyze the interacting genes and proteins of IFIT1 in the String and Genemania databases.Timer and Tisidb databases verified the correlation between IFIT1 and immune cells mutually.Finally,after IFIT1 knockdown xenograft model was constructed based on lentiviral vector of IFIT1 shRNA,the tumor growth was observed in the transplanted nude mice,and infiltration of neutrophils was observed with immunohistochemical assay.Results FIT1,a tumor immune gene,selected from the GEO database,Kaplan-Meier and Prognoscan databases,was negatively correlated with the OC prognosis.GEPIA,Human Protein Atlas,Timer database,and UALCAN database indicated that the expression level of IFIT1 was significantly higher in the OC tissues than the normal ovarian tissues,and had no obvious correlation with tumor stage and grade.Analysis in String,Genemania,and David database found the interaction genes and proteins of IFIT1 were enriched in activation of 2'-5'oligonucleotide synthase,virus defense,and innate immunity,and other processes.The Timer database presented that IFIT1 was positively correlated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells,B cells,dendritic cells,neutrophils,and macrophage in OC,with neutrophils having the most significant correlation.Tisidb and GSCA also confirmed the positive correlation between IFIT1 and neutrophil infiltration in OC(P＜0.05).RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed that IFIT1 knockdown resulted in suppressed tumor growth in OC cells xenograft nude mice(P＜0.05)and reduced neutrophil infiltration in the xenograft tissues.Conclusion IFIT1 may influence the malignant progression of OC by promoting neutrophil infiltration.

Object:This study aims to compare the efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), pharmacotherapy, and their combination therapy for acute panic disorder via network Meta-analysis.Methods:Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched for relevant randomized controlled clinical trials from their inception up to March 24, 2021. The outcomes were efficacy (remission rate and response rate), acceptability and tolerability. Network Meta-analysis was adopted with random effects, and estimated relative risk (RR) for all effects of CBT, CBT plus medications, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs), serotonin-noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors(SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors(MAOI), benzodiazepines(BZD), noradrenergic-reuptake inhibitors(NRI), and others. This study used gemtc package in R for network analysis, Review Manager for quality assessment, and GRADEPro for evidence assessment, respectively.Results:Identified citations (7 173) included 72 trials comprising 12 293 patients. The treatment measures with higher remission rate and response rate than placebo included CBT+drug( RR:2.4, 95% CI: 1.7-3.5), CBT( RR:1.8, 95% CI:1.4-2.3), SNRI( RR:1.8, 95% CI:1.5-2.2), BZD( RR:1.6, 95% CI:1.4-1.9), SSRI( RR:1.5, 95% CI:1.4-1.7), TCA( RR:1.5, 95% CI: 1.4-1.8)(remission rate in brackets); Among them, CBT combined with medications was better than SSRI, SNRI and TCA. The acceptability of BZD was better than placebo but its tolerability was inferior. Besides, the tolerability of SSRI and TCA was inferior to placebo. Conclusions:CBT combined with medications is more effective than BZD alone and the antidepressants alone. CBT combined with medications may selected the first-line treatment for panic disorder.