Matrix metalloproteinase-28(MMP-28)is widely expressed in vertebrates and plays diverse biological roles,participating in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes in the body.Increased expression of MMP-28 has been observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,pulmonary fibrosis,and other lung diseases.Studies have demonstrated that MMP-28 promotes chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling by regulating macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization,and is involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases by promoting cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.This article provides a review of the relationship between the basic characteristics of MMP-28 and pulmonary diseases.

Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death mediated by cleavage of Gasdermin family proteins by activated caspases, which plays an important role in the control of acute and chronic diseases. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with varying degrees of airflow obstruction. The airway epithelial barrier plays an important role in initiating host defenses and controlling immune responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that pyroptosis is involved in the impairment of airway epithelial barrier function and abnormal immune regulation in asthma. This article aims to review the latest regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis involved in airway epithelial barrier injury in asthma under various environmental exposure factors, and to provide a new method for targeted therapy of asthma.

Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death mediated by cleavage of Gasdermin family proteins by activated caspases, which plays an important role in the control of acute and chronic diseases. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with varying degrees of airflow obstruction. The airway epithelial barrier plays an important role in initiating host defenses and controlling immune responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that pyroptosis is involved in the impairment of airway epithelial barrier function and abnormal immune regulation in asthma. This article aims to review the latest regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis involved in airway epithelial barrier injury in asthma under various environmental exposure factors, and to provide a new method for targeted therapy of asthma.

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is an inflammatory response to the lungs caused by inhaled lipid substances, which is prone to secondary bacterial infection, resulting in the formation of local abscesses, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. This paper reports a case of a 55-year-old patient with diesel aspiration, secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL positive) and Candida glabrata infection resulting in lung abscess formation. He was treated with a variety of antibacterial drugs for anti-infection, non-invasive ventilator ventilation, bronchoalveolar lavage, glucocorticoids, phlegm and other medical treatments. Finally, he underwent middle lobectomy for improvement and was discharged from the hospital, and he recovered well with regular follow-up.

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is an inflammatory response to the lungs caused by inhaled lipid substances, which is prone to secondary bacterial infection, resulting in the formation of local abscesses, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. This paper reports a case of a 55-year-old patient with diesel aspiration, secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL positive) and Candida glabrata infection resulting in lung abscess formation. He was treated with a variety of antibacterial drugs for anti-infection, non-invasive ventilator ventilation, bronchoalveolar lavage, glucocorticoids, phlegm and other medical treatments. Finally, he underwent middle lobectomy for improvement and was discharged from the hospital, and he recovered well with regular follow-up.

BACKGROUND:Intramedul ary nails and locking plates are widely used for two-part proximal humerus fracture. Which is better for two types of implants in patients remains controversial. OBJECTIVE:To determine the clinical outcome of intramedul ary nails versus locking plates for two-part proximal humerus fracture according to Cochrane Meta analysis. METHODS:We searched PubMed, SCI, Embase, the Cochranel Library and CBMdisc, VIP information, Wanfang Database, and CNKI for randomized control ed trials and quasi-randomized control ed trials on intramedul ary nails and locking plates for two-part proximal humerus fracture. RevMan 5.2 software was used to analyze operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, postoperative complications (heterotopic ossification, pain, screw penetration, necrosis of humeral head), and Constant Score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six articles of clinical control ed trials were included with 259 patients. 131 patients received intramedul ary nails, and 128 patients received locking plates. Meta-analysis displayed that no significant difference in fracture healing time, heterotopic ossification, pain, necrosis of humeral head and Constant Score was detected between intramedul ary nails and locking plates for two-part proximal humerus fracture. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and screw penetration were significantly less in the fixation with intramedul ary nails than that in locking plates (P<0.05). These findings suggested that compared with locking plates, intramedul ary nails method for two-part proximal humerus fractures could reduce screw penetration.

Oxidative stress, a predominant cause of apoptosis cascades triggered in neurodegenerative disorders, has been regarded as a critical inducement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Gou Teng-San (GTS) is a traditional Chinese herbs preparation commonly utilized to alleviate cognitive dysfunction and psychological symptoms of patients with dementia. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of GTS40, an active fraction of GTS, on HO-induced oxidative damage and identify the potential active ingredients. Our results revealed that GTS40 exhibited radical scavenging activity, elevated cell viability, decreased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and stabilized mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) in HO-treated PC12 cells. In addition, GTS40 blocked the apoptotic cascade by reversing the imbalance of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibiting the activity of caspase-3. Furthermore, an HPLC-QTOFMS method was developed to characterize major chemical constituents in GTS40. Our results revealed twenty-seven identified or tentatively characterized compounds through comparing their retention time (t) and MS spectra with reference standards. These results suggested that GTS40 was a promising active fraction that may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disorders.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; toxicity ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; PC12 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the interactions between melanoma-derived exosomes and the microenvironment.Methods The exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of mouse melanoma cells and then co-cuhured with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) after identification.Immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe the exosomes engulfed by MSC.CCK-8 and transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of MSC.Effects of the exosomes on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in MSC were analyzed by Western blot.Results Co-culture of MSC with melanoma cell-derived exosomes enhanced the proliferation and migration of MSC as well as the expression of α-SMA.All of the changes mediated by the exosomes could be blocked by using the inhibitor of TGF-β receptor.Conclusion Melanoma cell-derived exosomes enhanced the proliferation and migration of MSC as well as the expression of α-SMA through TGF-β signaling pathway,which provided an advantageous microenvironment for melanoma progression.

The present study was designed to determine the chemical constituents of the stems and hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified from CH2Cl2 fraction by chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Their cytotoxicity was tested using MTT method. Two new ortho benzoquinones, 3-diethylamino-5-methoxy-1, 2-benzoquinone (1) and 3-ethylamino-5-methoxy-1, 2-benzoquinone (2), together with a known compound isorhynchophyllic acid (3) were isolated from U. rhynchophylla. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against cancer cells A549, HepG2 and A2780. Compounds 1 and 2 were new ortho benzoquinones and showed weak antiproliferative activities on A549, HepG2 and A2780 cells. Compound 3 significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549, HepG2 and A2780 cells with IC50 values being 5.8, 12.8 and 11.8 µmol·L(-1), respectively.
A549 Cells ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzoquinones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Uncaria ; chemistry

Animals ; Dust ; Lung ; pathology ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Wind