Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Qingda Granule (QDG) in ameliorating hypertension-induced cardiac damage and investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS: Twenty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were used to develope a hypertension-induced cardiac damage model. Another 10 Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as normotension group. Rats were administrated intragastrically QDG [0.9 g/(kg•d)] or an equivalent volume of pure water for 8 weeks. Blood pressure, histopathological changes, cardiac function, levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers were measured. Furthermore, to gain insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of QDG against hypertension-induced cardiac injury, a network pharmacology study was conducted. Predicted results were validated by Western blot, radioimmunoassay immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS: The administration of QDG resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure levels in SHRs (P<0.01). Histological examinations, including hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining revealed that QDG effectively attenuated hypertension-induced cardiac damage. Furthermore, echocardiography demonstrated that QDG improved hypertension-associated cardiac dysfunction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric method indicated that QDG significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response levels in both myocardial tissue and serum (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Both network pharmacology and experimental investigations confirmed that QDG exerted its beneficial effects in decreasing hypertension-induced cardiac damage by regulating the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II receptor type 1 axis and ACE/Ang II/Ang II receptor type 2 axis.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Hypertension/pathology* ; Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects* ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Male ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Blood Pressure/drug effects* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Rats ; Inflammation/pathology*

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of afzelin(AFZ)in treating Crohn's disease-like colitis.Methods A mouse model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis was established to assess the effect of AFZ on experimental colitis in vivo.A Caco-2 cell model of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-induced inflammation was established to evaluate the effects of AFZ on the intestinal barrier function,intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis,and mitochondrial function in vitro.The animal and cell experiments were performed to validate the regulatory role of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/silent information regulater 1(SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator(PGC)-1α pathway in the treatment of colitis with AFZ.Results AFZ reduced the disease activity index(P=0.003),weight loss(P<0.001),colon shortening(P<0.001),inflammation score(P=0.002),pro-inflammatory cytokine release(interleukin-6:P<0.001;TNF-α:P=0.010),and intestinal barrier permeability(fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4:P<0.001;intestinal-type fatty acid-binding protein:P=0.013).Meanwhile,AFZ increased the colonic transepithelial electric resistance(P=0.001),reduced bacterial translocation(P<0.001),and promoted the localization and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins [zonula occluden-1(P=0.005) and Claudin-1(P=0.024)].AFZ exerted a protective effect on the Caco-2 cells exposed to TNF-α in terms of intestinal epithelial cell permeability(P=0.017),transepithelial electric resistance(P=0.014),and tight junction protein[zonula occluden-1(P=0.014) and Claudin-1(P=0.006)] localization and expression.Furthermore,the cell and animal experiments confirmed that AFZ reduced the percentage of apoptosis(P<0.001,P=0.013)and the expression of cleaved-caspase 3(P=0.028,P=0.004)and Bax(P=0.004,P=0.020),and upregulated the Bcl2(P=0.020,P=0.006)level in intestinal epithelial cells.Additionally,AFZ increased the number of mitochondria,mitochondrial membrane potential,and copy number of mitochondrial DNA(P=0.007)in intestinal epithelial cells,while enhancing the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ(P=0.005)and complex Ⅳ(P=0.001).The activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway was involved in the protective effects of AFZ on mitochondrial function and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells.Conclusion AFZ alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells by activating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway,thereby ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction and experimental colitis.
Animals ; Colitis/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Caco-2 Cells ; Mice ; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Sirtuin 1/metabolism*

Osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture (OPHF) is one of the common osteoporotic fractures in the aged, with an incidence only lower than vertebral compression fracture, hip fracture, and distal radius fracture. OPHF, secondary to osteoporosis and characterized by poor bone quality, comminuted fracture pattern, slow healing, and severely impaired shoulder joint function, poses a big challenge to the current clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the field of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of OPHF, traditional Chinese and Western medicine have accumulated rich experience and evidence from evidence-based medicine and achieved favorable outcomes. However, there is still a lack of guidance from a relevant consensus as to how to integrate the advantages of the two medical systems and achieve the integrated diagnosis and treatment. To promote the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, relevant experts from Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine have been organized to formulate Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine ( version 2024) by searching related literatures and based on the evidences from evidence-based medicine. This consensus consists of 13 recommendations about the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, aimed at standardizing, systematizing, and personalizing the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinse and Western medicine to improve the patients ′ function.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of gene mutation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its correlation with clinical features. Methods:From January 2017 to December 2021,172 patients with MDS in The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Fourteen high frequency genes related to MDS were detected,and the relationship between gene mutation and clinical characteristics of patients as well as revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) was analyzed. The impact of gene mutations on prognosis was explored. Results:Among 172 patients,there were 101 males and 71 females,with a median age of 67 (15-89) years old,and gene mutations were detected in 88 cases (51.2％). The genes with mutation incidence>5％ were arranged in descending order as follows:TET2 (16.9％),RUNX1 (12.8％),ASXL1 (12.2％),CEBPA (8.1％),TP53 (7.0％) and DNMT3A (6.4％). According to biological functional classification,the genes with the highest mutation frequency were epigenetic regulatory genes (36.6％). The proportion of primitive bone marrow cells in mutation group was higher than that in non-mutation group (P<0.001). The incidence of gene mutation varied in different MDS subtypes,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mutation incidence in IPSS-R higher risk group (IPSS-R score>3.5) was 65.7％,which was significantly higher than 30.0％ in IPSS-R lower risk group (IPSS-R score ≤3.5) (P<0.05),and there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of TP53 gene mutation between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox survival analysis showed that TP53,NPM1 and TET2 gene mutation were independent risk factors affecting prognosis. Conclusion:MDS patients are prone to gene mutation,and the increasing number of mutations and the presence of TP53,NPM1 and TET2 gene mutation may be factors affecting the prognosis.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults and is poorly controlled. Previous studies have shown that both macrophages and angiogenesis play significant roles in GBM progression, and co-targeting of CSF1R and VEGFR is likely to be an effective strategy for GBM treatment. Therefore, this study developed a novel and selective inhibitor of CSF1R and VEGFR, SYHA1813, possessing potent antitumor activity against GBM. SYHA1813 inhibited VEGFR and CSF1R kinase activities with high potency and selectivity and thus blocked the cell viability of HUVECs and macrophages and exhibited anti-angiogenetic effects both in vitro and in vivo. SYHA1813 also displayed potent in vivo antitumor activity against GBM in immune-competent and immune-deficient mouse models, including temozolomide (TMZ) insensitive tumors. Notably, SYHA1813 could penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and prolong the survival time of mice bearing intracranial GBM xenografts. Moreover, SYHA1813 treatment resulted in a synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with the PD-1 antibody. As a clinical proof of concept, SYHA1813 achieved confirmed responses in patients with recurrent GBM in an ongoing first-in-human phase I trial. The data of this study support the rationale for an ongoing phase I clinical study (ChiCTR2100045380).

Femoral neck fracture (FNF) in the elderly patients is currently a major health challenge worldwide, with excessive consumption of medical resources, high incidence of complications as well as suboptimal outcome and prognosis. Hip joint arthroplasty (HJA) has been the mainstream treatment for FNF in the elderly, but the conventional surgical approaches and techniques are still confronted with a series of bottlenecks such as dislocation, limp and limb length discrepancy. In recent years, direct anterior approach (DAA) for HJA (DAA-HJA) has been a major new choice in the field of joint replacement, which achieves improved clinical effectiveness of HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF, due to the fact that DAA approach involves the neuromuscular interface and accords with the idea of soft tissue retention and enhanced recovery after surgery. However, there is still a lack of unified understanding of standard technique and procedure of DAA-HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF. Therefore, relevant experts from the Hip Joint Group of Chinese Orthopedics Association of Chinese Medical Association, Youth Arthrology Group of Orthopedic Committee of PLA, Orthopedic Committee of Chongqing Medical Association, Branch of Orthopedic Surgeons of Chongqing Medical Doctor Association and Sport Medicine Committee of Chongqing Medical Association were organized to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the technical standard of direct anterior hip arthroplasty for elderly femoral neck fracture ( version 2023)" based on evidence-based medicine. This consensus mainly proposed 13 recommendations covering indications, surgical plans, prosthesis selections, surgical techniques and processes, and postoperative management of DAA-HJA in elderly patients with FNF, aiming to promote standardized, systematic and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment to improve the functional prognosis of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the application value of joint friction sounds in diagnosing meniscus injury of the knee based on machine learning models.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 17 patients with meniscus injury of the knee (meniscus injury group) admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from August 2020 to October 2022, as well as 75 recruited healthy subjects without knee joint diseases (healthy group). The knee joint friction sounds of the subjects were collected in a relatively quiet environment (peak value below 40 dB). The sounds collected in a flexion-extension-flexion mode of exercise were split and divided randomly with a ratio of 4∶1 into the training set (125 segments from the meniscal injury group and 187 segments from the healthy group) and the test set (33 segments from the meniscal injury group and 47 segments from the healthy group). The sounds obtained in a sit-stand-sit mode of exercise were split and divided randomly with a ratio of 4∶1 into the training set (81 segments from the meniscal injury group and 164 segments from the healthy group) and the test set (20 segments from the meniscal injury group and 40 segments from the healthy group). Four machine learning models were built, including support vector machine with linear kernels, radial basis function support vector machine, random forest, and extremely randomized trees. The learning training of the model was performed on the training set, and its model performance was verified with the test set. The time required in a single collection of joint friction sound from the subjects and the interpretation of data analysis was recorded. Knee function of the subjects were scored according to the Lysholm Score before and at 1 day after the test. The accuracy rates of diagnosis of meniscus injury with friction sounds under the two modes of exercise were compared based on the test results to yield an optimal one. The effectiveness of the four models was compared to find the best machine learning model fitting the data frame of this study according to the test results such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) obtained with the optimal mode of exercise. The diagnostic accuracy, misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate of joint friction sound for meniscal injury under the optimal machine learning model with the optimal mode of exercise were observed.Results:The time required in a single collection of joint friction sound ranged from 5 to 10 minutes [(7.1±1.3)minutes], when the time required for interpretation of data analysis was approximately 1 minute. The Lysholm Score before and after the test was (75.6±4.0)points and (77.7±3.7)points respectively in the meniscal injury group ( P>0.05), and (99.6±0.9)points and (99.5±1.0)points respectively in the healthy group ( P>0.05). The diagnosing accuracy rates for flexion-extension-flexion of exercise and sit-stand-sit modes of exercise were 0.775 and 0.817 under the support vector machine model with linear kernels; 0.813 and 0.900 under the radial basis function support vector machine model; 0.800 and 0.867 under the random forest model; 0.800 and 0.900 under the extremely randomized tree model. The accuracy rates for sit-stand-sit mode of exercise were all higher than those for flexion-extension-flexion mode of exercise. In the sit-stand-sit mode of exercise, the extremely randomized tree model had an accuracy rate of 0.900, sensitivity of 0.900, specificity of 0.950, F1 score of 0.900, and AUC of 0.942, which were higher than those under the remaining 3 models, showing better machine learning efficacy. Under the extremely randomized tree model in the sit-stand-sit mode of exercise, 22 (18 true positive and 4 false positive) were diagnosed as meniscal injury and 38 (36 true negative and 2 false negative) as healthy out of 60 segments in the test set (20 from the meniscal injury group and 40 from the healthy group). The diagnostic accuracy of joint friction sounds in diagnosing meniscus injury of the knee was 0.900, with the misdiagnosis rate of 0.100 and the missed diagnosis rate of 0.100. Conclusion:Diagnosis of meniscus injury of the knee with joint friction sounds can shorten time and enhance safety during the examination process. The diagnostic model using machine learning-based artificial intelligence is faster and more stable, which can be used as a diagnostic marker for such injury.

Objective: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia symptoms are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which might lead to a poor prognosis and an increased risk of depression relapse. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of EDS and insomnia symptoms among adolescents with MDD. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study included 297 adolescents (mean age=15.26 years; range=12–18 years; 218 females) with MDD recruited from three general and four psychiatric hospitals in five cities (Hefei, Bengbu, Fuyang, Suzhou, and Ma’anshan) in Anhui Province, China between January and August, 2021. EDS and insomnia symptoms, and clinical severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using Epworth sleepiness scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity. Results: The prevalence of EDS and insomnia symptoms in adolescents with MDD was 39.7% and 38.0%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that EDS symptoms were significantly associated with higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR]=1.097, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.027–1.172), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.313, 95% CI=1.028–1.679), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use (OR=2.078, 95% CI=1.199–3.601). And insomnia symptoms were positively associated with female sex (OR=1.955, 95% CI=1.052–3.633), suicide attempts (OR=1.765, 95% CI=1.037–3.005), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=2.031, 95% CI=1.523–2.709), and negatively associated with antipsychotics use (OR=0.433, 95% CI=0.196–0.952). Conclusion EDS and insomnia symptoms are common among adolescents with MDD. Considering their negative effects on the clinical prognosis, regular screening and clinical managements should be developed for this patient population.