The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on severe acute pancreatitis induced acute lung injury （SAP-ALI） by regulating formyl peptide receptors （FPRs）/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammatory pathway. MethodsSixty rats were randomly divided into a sham group， a SAP-ALI model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose XBJ groups （4， 8， and 12 mL·kg^-1）， and a positive drug （BOC2， 0.2 mg·kg^-1） group. For the sham group， the pancreas of rats was only gently flipped after laparotomy， and then the abdomen was closed， while for the remaining five groups， SAP-ALI rat models were established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate （Na-Tc） via the biliopancreatic duct. XBJ and BOC2 were administered via intraperitoneal injection once daily for 3 d prior to modeling and 0.5 h after modeling. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta 6 h after the completion of modeling， and the expression of interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The amount of ascites was measured， and the dry-wet weight ratios of pancreatic and lung tissue were determined. Pancreatic and lung tissue was taken for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe pathological changes and then scored. The protein expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue were detected by the immunohistochemical method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the SAP-ALI model group showed significantly decreased dry-wet weight ratio of lung tissue （P<0.01）， serious pathological changes of lung tissue， a significantly increased pathological score （P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue （P<0.01）. After BOC2 intervention， the above detection indicators were significantly reversed （P<0.01）. After treatment with XBJ， the groups of different XBJ doses achieved results consistent with BOC2 intervention. ConclusionXBJ can effectively improve the inflammatory response of the lungs in SAP-ALI rats and reduce damage. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of FPRs and NLRP3 in lung tissue， which thereby reduces IL-1β and simultaneously antagonize the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α.

BACKGROUND:The extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5(ERK5)signaling protein is essential for the survival of organisms,and resveratrol can promote osteoblast proliferation through various pathways.However,whether resveratrol can regulate osteoblast function through the ERK5 signaling protein needs further verification. OBJECTIVE:To explore the regulatory effect of ERK5 on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and related secreted proteins,and to further verify whether resveratrol can complete the above process by activating ERK5. METHODS:Mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were treated with complete culture medium,XMD8-92(an ERK5 inhibitor),epidermal growth factor(an ERK5 activator),resveratrol alone,XMD8-92+EGF,and resveratrol+XMD8-92,respectively.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of ERK5 and p-ERK5 proteins,proliferation-related proteins Cyclin D1,CDK4 and PCNA,and osteoblast-secreted proteins osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in MC3T3-E1 cells of each group.The fluorescence intensity of ERK5,osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in each group was detected by cell immunofluorescence staining,and cell proliferation was detected by EdU staining,respectively.The appropriate concentration and time of resveratrol intervention in MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by cell morphology observation and cell counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The activation of ERK5 signaling protein could effectively promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells,up-regulate the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio.The appropriate concentration and time for resveratrol intervention in MC3T3-E1 cells was 5 μmol/L and 24 hours,respectively.Resveratrol could activate ERK5 signaling protein,thereby promoting osteoblast proliferation and up-regulating the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio.All these results indicate that resveratrol can promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and up-regulate the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio by activating the ERK5 signaling protein.

ObjectiveThe rapid advancement of bioanalytical technologies has heightened the demand for high-throughput, label-free, and real-time cellular analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) operating in the GHz frequency range (GHz-EIS) has emerged as a promising tool for characterizing cell suspensions due to its ability to rapidly and non-invasively capture the dielectric properties of cells and their microenvironment. Although GHz-EIS enables rapid and label-free detection of cell suspensions, significant challenges remain in interpreting GHz impedance data for complex samples, limiting the broader application of this technique in cellular research. To address these challenges, this study presents a novel method that integrates GHz-EIS with deep learning algorithms, aiming to improve the precision of cell suspension concentration identification and quantification. This method provides a more efficient and accurate solution for the analysis of GHz impedance data. MethodsThe proposed method comprises two key components: dielectric property dataset construction and backpropagation (BP) neural network modeling. Yeast cell suspensions at varying concentrations were prepared and separately introduced into a coaxial sensor for impedance measurement. The dielectric properties of these suspensions were extracted using a GHz-EIS dielectric property extraction method applied to the measured impedance data. A dielectric properties dataset incorporating concentration labels was subsequently established and divided into training and testing subsets. A BP neural network model employing specific activation functions (ReLU and Leaky ReLU) was then designed. The model was trained and tested using the constructed dataset, and optimal model parameters were obtained through this process. This BP neural network enables automated extraction and analytical processing of dielectric properties, facilitating precise recognition of cell suspension concentrations through data-driven training. ResultsThrough comparative analysis with conventional centrifugal methods, the recognized concentration values of cell suspensions showed high consistency, with relative errors consistently below 5%. Notably, high-concentration samples exhibited even smaller deviations, further validating the precision and reliability of the proposed methodology. To benchmark the recognition performance against different algorithms, two typical approaches—support vector machines (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN)—were selected for comparison. The proposed method demonstrated superior performance in quantifying cell concentrations. Specifically, the BP neural network achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.06% and an R² value of 0.997 across the entire concentration range, demonstrating both high predictive accuracy and excellent model fit. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the proposed method enables accurate and rapid determination of unknown sample concentrations. By combining GHz-EIS with BP neural network algorithms, efficient identification of cell concentrations is achieved, laying the foundation for the development of a convenient online cell analysis platform and showing significant application prospects. Compared to typical recognition approaches, the proposed method exhibits superior capabilities in recognizing cell suspension concentrations. Furthermore, this methodology not only accelerates research in cell biology and precision medicine but also paves the way for future EIS biosensors capable of intelligent, adaptive analysis in dynamic biological research.

Objective To observe the effects of pegylated losenatide injection combined with metformin tablets on serum metabolism,lipid levels and intestinal flora in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients after axial gastrectomy.Methods Obese T2DM patients who underwent axial gastrectomy were divided into treatment group and control group by cohort methods.The control group was treated with metformin hydrochloride tablet 0.5 g orally,tid.The treatment group was treated by subcutaneous injection of pegylated losenatide injection 0.2 mg once a week on the basis of control group.Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months.Body mass index(BMI),serum metabolic indexes,blood lipid levels,blood glucose levels,intestinal flora and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results In this study,a total of 70 subjects were included in the treatment group,and 50 subjects were included in the control group.After three months of treatment,the BMI indices of the treatment and control groups were(26.35±2.36)and(29.34±3.59)kg·m-2,respectively;the glutathione peroxidase levels were(192.42±13.18)and(134.27±12.86)U;interleukin-6 levels were(6.14±1.78)and(7.65±2.09)μg·L-1;fasting blood glucose levels were(5.36±0.41)and(7.43±0.78)mmol·L-1;total cholesterol levels were(2.55±0.67)and(3.47±0.79)mmol·L-1 for the treatment and control groups,respectively.The levels of Bifidobacteria,Bacteroides,Lactobacilli,Enterobacteria,and Enterococci in the treatment group were(8.79±1.36),(9.62±1.37),(6.74±2.15),(7.98±0.61),and(7.23±1.29)logN·g-1,respectively;in the control group,these levels were(7.98±1.79),(8.13±1.45),(5.71±2.41),(9.21±0.88),and(8.15±1.54)logN·g-1.The differences in the above indicators between the treatment and control groups were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The main adverse drug reactions in the treatment group included nausea,headache,dizziness,elevated blood pressure,and indigestion.In the control group,the main adverse drug reactions were nausea,headache,and indigestion.The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment and control groups was 8.57％and 6.00％,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Pegylated losenatide injection combined with metformin tablets has a significant effect on axial gastrectomy in obese type 2 diabetes patients.

Objective To investigate the role of programmed necrosis pathway in testicular tissue damage in rats with erectile dysfunction(ED)and the mechanism of sildenafil intervention.Methods An ED rat model was established by high-fat chow feeding,and the rats were randomly divided into model group,experimental group,interleukin 18 group,and experimental+interleukin 18 group;10 rats were randomly selected as the normal control group.The experimental group was gavaged with 20 mg·kg-1sildenafil;the interleukin 18 group was injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 μg·kg-1interleukin 18 recombinant protein;the experimental+interleukin 18 group was gavaged with an equal amount of sildenafil,and the experimental+interleukin 18 group was injected intraperitoneally with an equal amount of interleukin 18 recombinant protein;the normal control and model groups were given with an equal amount of 0.9％NaCl by gavage and intraperitoneally injected with an equal amount of saline;and the experimental group was injected with an equal amount of 0.9％NaCl.Interleukin 18 group was gavaged with an equal amount of 0.9％NaCl,and the five groups of rats were administered once a day at regular intervals for 14 consecutive days.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1(RIP1),receptor-interacting protein kinase 3(RIP3),mixed-spectrum kinase structural domain-like protein(MLKL),and calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)in rat testis tissues.Results The relative expression levels of RIP1 protein in the normal control group,model group,experimental group,interleukin 18 group and experimental+interleukin 18 group were 0.58±0.05,0.99±0.09,0.71±0.05,1.23±0.07 and 0.81±0.07;the relative expression levels of RIP3 protein were 0.61±0.05,1.05±0.10,0.77±0.04,1.19±0.07 and 0.84±0.08,respectively;the relative expression levels of MLKL protein were 0.63±0.05,1.13±0.08,0.79±0.05,1.30±0.02 and 1.00±0.04,respectively;the relative expression levels of CaMK Ⅱ protein were 0.54±0.04,1.12±0.07,0.77±0.05,1.36±0.04 and 1.00±0.07;the differences of the above indexes were statistically significant when the model group was compared with the normal control group,the experimental group was compared with the model group,the interleukin 18 group was compared with the model group,and the experimental+interleukin 18 group was compared with the interleukin 18 group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The RIP1/RIP3-mediated necroptosis pathway plays multiple regulatory roles in testicular injury in ED rats,and sildenafil may improve testicular function in rats by inhibiting the above necroptosis signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative complications in patients with spinal tuberculosis and analyze the value of prognostic nutritional index(PNI)in predicting these complications.Methods The clinical data of 156 patients with spinal tuberculosis who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2018 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into a complication group and a non-complication group based on the presence or absence of postoperative complications.Baseline data,laboratory indicators,and surgery-related indicators were compared between the two groups.The risk factors for postoperative complications in spinal tuberculosis were analyzed,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive value of PNI for postoperative complications in the patients.Results Among all of 156 patients,68 contracted a total of 82 instances of postoperative complications,with an incidence of 43.59%.Coinfection with pulmonary tuberculosis,preoperative anti-tuberculosis treatment duration more than 4 weeks,surgical operation duration,and drainage days were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative complications in spinal tuberculosis(P<0.05).On the other hand,a higher PNI was found to be a protective factor against postoperative complications of the spinal tuberculosis(P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve for PNI predicting postoperative complications ofthe spinal tuberculosis was 0.805.Conclusion The risk of postoperative complications in patients with spinal tuberculosis is subject to such factors ascoexistence of pulmo-nary tuberculosis,preoperative anti-tuberculosis treatment duration,surgery duration,drainage duration,and preoperative PNI.Preoperative PNI has a certain value for predicting the postoperative complications in the patients.

BackgroundPatients demonstrating depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms often have increased risk of death and poor prognosis. A large amount of research has explored the factors influencing psychotic symptoms in adult patients with depressive disorder， but few has focused on adolescent patients. ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of psychotic symptoms in adolescent patients with depressive disorder， so as to provide references for early screening and intervention in clinic. MethodsA total of 96 adolescent patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） for depressive disorder and were seen in the psychiatry departments of Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and The Fourth People's Hospital of Hefei from September 2022 to January 2023 were included. Another 56 healthy individuals from the health examination center of Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University were concurrently recruited as control group. Patients were assigned into psychotic group （n=32） and non-psychotic group （n=64） according to the presence or absence of psychotic symptoms. Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24）， Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）， Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation （PANSI） and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form （CTQ-SF） were used for evaluation. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） concentration was obtained using Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence assay. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis were adopted to determine the correlation of PANSS positive symptom subscale score with plasma BDNF concentration and clinical characteristics of adolescent depression patients with psychotic symptoms. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the presence of psychotic symptoms in adolescent patients with depressive disorder， and multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to screen the factors affecting the severity of psychotic symptoms. ResultsThe plasma BDNF concentration of adolescent patients with depressive disorder was lower than that of control group （t=-3.080， P<0.01）.The plasma BDNF concentration of psychotic group was lower than that of non-psychotic group （t=2.418， P<0.05）， while the body mass index （BMI） PANSI scores， CTQ-SF scores and HAMD-24 total scores were all higher than those of non-psychotic group （t=-2.024， -2.530， -2.187， -4.977， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Correlation analysis showed that PANSS positive symptom subscale scores were negatively correlated with anxiety/somatization factor score and weight factor score in HAMD-24 of psychotic group （r=-0.438， -0.498， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Binary Logistic regression showed that BMI， plasma BDNF concentration， HAMD-24 total scores and cognitive dysfunction factor score were the influencing factors of psychotic symptoms in adolescent patients with depressive disorder. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that weight factor scores （β=-0.349， P<0.05） and anxiety/somatization factor score （β=-0.433， P<0.05） in HAMD-24 were the factors influencing the severity of psychotic symptoms. ConclusionHigh BMI， low plasma BDNF concentration， severe depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction may be the risk factors of psychotic symptoms in adolescent patients with depressive disorder， furthermore， BMI and anxiety symptoms are found to be associated with the severity of psychotic symptoms. ［Funded by Scientific Research Fund Project of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine （number， 2022zhyx-B01）； Central Finance Supported Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project of Anhui Province in 2019］

Celastrol and wilforlide A are the main active triterpenoids of the traditional Chinese medicine Lei Gong Teng, which have anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, and are the material basis for the clinical efficacy of Lei Gong Teng-related Chinese medicinal preparations. By analysing the biosynthetic pathway of active ingredients, optimizing genetic elements and utilizing "cell factory" to produce triterpenoids heterologously will be an effective way to obtain from Tripterygium wilfordii in the future in a "low-cost and high-efficient" manner. CYP712Ks are the first cytochrome P450s involved in the skeleton modification of friedelane-type and oleanane-type triterpenoids in T. wilfordii, and they can catalyse the generation of polpunonic acid from friedelin and 3-epi-katonic acid from β-amyrin by carboxylation at C-29 position. In this study, four multifunctional TwCYP712K1/2/3/5 were used to clarify the catalytic function and substrate selection preference using in vivo functional characterization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The spatial structure of the protein-substrate binding was clarified through homology modeling and molecular docking, and then the differential amino acids in the active pocket of the protein were mutated to clarify the crucial amino acids determining the catalytic function and the selection of substrate structure. A total of 63 mutant elements were constructed, and the amino acid sites affecting the carboxylation function of TwCYP712Ks were analyzed. In particular, the key amino acids affecting the substrate selectivity of TwCYP712K2 towards oleanane-type and friedelane-type triterpenoids were revealed and the TwCYP712K2^F127I and TwCYP712K2^A227T mutants would result in a reversal of the product ratio. In conclusion, four proteins of TwCYP712Ks were semi-rationally designed by homologous protein alignment and mutual mutation to elucidate multiple amino acid sites determining the catalytic function of the proteins, and a series of activity-enhancing or altering mutants were obtained, which provide abundant catalytic elements for the biosynthesis of active triterpenoids from T. wilfordii, and the mechanism of carboxylation in the C-29 position was initially elucidated.

italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely recognized for its blood-activating and stasis-removing properties in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The synthesis and regulatory mechanism of tanshinones, the key active constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza, have been a hot topic of research. The paper summarized the research findings on the regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis by transcription factors such as AP2/ERF, bHLH, MYB, bZIP, and WRKY in recent years. The review identifies the existing issues in the transcriptional regulation studies of Salvia miltiorrhiza and discusses the research direction of transcription factors in the regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis, providing a theoretical basis for the further discovery and utilization of functional genes involved in the regulation of tanshinone bioactive constituents.