Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential effects and mechanisms of Liang-Ge-San (LGS) for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through network pharmacology analysis and to verify LGS activity through biological experiments. METHODS: The key ingredients of LGS and related targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. ARDS-related targets were selected from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape Database. Molecular docking analysis was used to confirm the binding affinity of the core compounds with key therapeutic targets. Finally, the effects of LGS on key signaling pathways and biological processes were determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS: A total of LGS-related targets and 496 ARDS-related targets were obtained from the databases. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that LGS could treat ARDS based on the following information: LGS ingredients luteolin, wogonin, and baicalein may be potential candidate agents. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), recombinant V-Rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) may be potential therapeutic targets. Reactive oxygen species metabolic process and the apoptotic signaling pathway were the main biological processes. The p38MAPK/NF-κ B signaling pathway might be the key signaling pathway activated by LGS against ARDS. Moreover, molecular docking demonstrated that luteolin, wogonin, and baicalein had a good binding affinity with MAPK14, RELA, and TNF α. In vitro experiments, LGS inhibited the expression and entry of p38 and p65 into the nucleation in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) cells induced by LPS, inhibited the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response, and inhibited HBE cell apoptosis (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In vivo experiments, LGS improved lung injury caused by ligation and puncture, reduced inflammatory responses, and inhibited the activation of p38MAPK and p65 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION LGS could reduce reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting p38MAPK/NF-κ B signaling pathway, thus reducing apoptosis and attenuating ARDS.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/enzymology* ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Animals ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Humans ; Male ; Network Pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Mice

Objective:To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of lymphopenia in prostate cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 prostate cancer patients treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, from November 2011 to May 2015. Radiotherapy was administered using conventional fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Blood routine, including absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), was performed on patients before radiotherapy, weekly during radiotherapy, and at the end of radiotherapy. Severe lymphopenia was defined as an ALC <500 cells/μl. Based on whether the minimum ALC during radiotherapy was lower than 500 cells/μl, the entire cohort and 55 patients (excluding those with undelineated pelvic bone marrow due to radiotherapy planning system issues) with delineated pelvic bone marrow (divided into pelvic bone marrow, iliac bone marrow, and lower pelvic bone marrow) were stratified into a severe lymphopenia group (33 cases and 16 cases, respectively) and a mild lymphopenia group (90 cases and 39 cases, respectively). Differences in clinical factors and dosimetric parameters were compared between the groups using the chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test), t-test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the clinical and dosimetric factors influencing severe lymphopenia. Results:All 123 prostate cancer patients experienced lymphopenia during radiotherapy, with a median minimum ALC of 0.6×10 9/L [range: (0.2-2.3)×10 9/L]. Severe lymphopenia occurred in 26.8% (33 cases) of patients. Univariate analysis of the entire cohort showed that pre-radiotherapy baseline ALC, initial neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prostate-specific antigen value, Gleason score, and pelvic radiotherapy were promoting factors for severe lymphopenia ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified pre-radiotherapy baseline ALC ( OR=0.217, 95% CI: 0.072-0.650, P=0.006) and pelvic radiotherapy ( OR=23.852, 95% CI: 2.834-200.787, P=0.004) as promoting factors for severe lymphopenia. In patients with delineated pelvic bone marrow, univariate analysis showed that pelvic bone marrow V 30 Gy and V 40 Gy, iliac bone marrow V 30 Gy and V 40 Gy, lower pelvic bone marrow V 30 Gy and V 40 Gy were promoting factors for severe lymphopenia during treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Lymphopenia is common in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, with a high incidence of severe lymphopenia. Pre-radiotherapy baseline ALC, as well as pelvic, iliac, and lower pelvic bone marrow V 30 Gy and V 40 Gy, are promoting factors for severe lymphopenia during radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the expression of calumenin(CALU)in gastric cancer and its effect on metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer,and analyze its relationship with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to analyze the expression level of CALU in gastric cancer and its impact on patient prognosis.A total of 102 pairs of gastric cancer and paracancerous tissue samples were collected from 189 gastric cancer patients who underwent partial gastrectomy in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022.The expression of CALU in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemical assay,and the relationship of its expression with clinicopathological parameters was statistically analyzed.After gastric cancer cells with CALU knockdown and overexpression were constructed,and the efficiencies of knockdown and overexpression were evaluated by Western blotting as well as RT-qPCR.Transwell assay was applied to determine the effect of CALU on the migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells.Results Bioinformation analysis found that CALU was significantly highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues(P<0.05),and its expression level was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression level of CALU was obviously highly in gastric cancer tissues than the paracancerous tissues(P<0.01),and its level was positively correlated with the depth of infiltration(P<0.01),lymph node metastasis(P<0.01),and TNM stage(P<0.05).Statistical analysis revealed that the clinical data of 102 patients showed that CALU expression was positively correlated with the TNM stage(P=0.021)and T stage(P<0.001)and N stage(P=0.028).CALU knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells(P<0.01),while over-expression obtained the opposite results.Conclusion CALU is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and promotes metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer and thus leads to poor prognosis in patients.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of lymphopenia in prostate cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 prostate cancer patients treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, from November 2011 to May 2015. Radiotherapy was administered using conventional fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Blood routine, including absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), was performed on patients before radiotherapy, weekly during radiotherapy, and at the end of radiotherapy. Severe lymphopenia was defined as an ALC <500 cells/μl. Based on whether the minimum ALC during radiotherapy was lower than 500 cells/μl, the entire cohort and 55 patients (excluding those with undelineated pelvic bone marrow due to radiotherapy planning system issues) with delineated pelvic bone marrow (divided into pelvic bone marrow, iliac bone marrow, and lower pelvic bone marrow) were stratified into a severe lymphopenia group (33 cases and 16 cases, respectively) and a mild lymphopenia group (90 cases and 39 cases, respectively). Differences in clinical factors and dosimetric parameters were compared between the groups using the chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test), t-test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the clinical and dosimetric factors influencing severe lymphopenia. Results:All 123 prostate cancer patients experienced lymphopenia during radiotherapy, with a median minimum ALC of 0.6×10 9/L [range: (0.2-2.3)×10 9/L]. Severe lymphopenia occurred in 26.8% (33 cases) of patients. Univariate analysis of the entire cohort showed that pre-radiotherapy baseline ALC, initial neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prostate-specific antigen value, Gleason score, and pelvic radiotherapy were promoting factors for severe lymphopenia ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified pre-radiotherapy baseline ALC ( OR=0.217, 95% CI: 0.072-0.650, P=0.006) and pelvic radiotherapy ( OR=23.852, 95% CI: 2.834-200.787, P=0.004) as promoting factors for severe lymphopenia. In patients with delineated pelvic bone marrow, univariate analysis showed that pelvic bone marrow V 30 Gy and V 40 Gy, iliac bone marrow V 30 Gy and V 40 Gy, lower pelvic bone marrow V 30 Gy and V 40 Gy were promoting factors for severe lymphopenia during treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Lymphopenia is common in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, with a high incidence of severe lymphopenia. Pre-radiotherapy baseline ALC, as well as pelvic, iliac, and lower pelvic bone marrow V 30 Gy and V 40 Gy, are promoting factors for severe lymphopenia during radiotherapy.

The early response of plant auxin gene family Aux/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid) and its interaction with auxin response factor (ARF) are important pattern to regulate plant growth and development. This work identified 28 StoIAA and 24 StoARF members based on the whole genome data of the medicinal plant Senna tora L., which were classified into 10 and 8 subfamilies, respectively. Phylogenetic tree and collinearity analysis showed that S. tora has close evolutionary relationship with the IAA and ARF homologous genes of Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and the segment duplication events dominate the expansion of StoIAA and StoARF. Gene structure analysis showed that the vast majority of StoIAA and StoARF contain characteristic conserved domain. Transcriptome data showed that StoIAAs and StoARFs were expressed in leaves, roots and seeds, some members had tissue specific expression. The StoIAA and StoARF promoter region most contain functional elements related to stress response, growth and development, hormone induction and secondary metabolism. In addition, gene expression analysis showed that many StoIAAs and StoARFs can quickly respond to drought and salt stress and exhibited same expression patterns under both stress condition. The yeast two-hybrid experiment confirmed that StoARF8 and StoARF10 exhibit varying degrees of interaction with multiple StoIAA proteins, respectively. The above results provide a basis for further biological functional analysis of the Aux/IAA and ARF gene family of S. tora.

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

Objective:To observe and verify the changes of transcriptome in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI), and to further clarify the changes of pathways in HALI.Methods:Twelve healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normoxia group and HALI group according to the random number table, with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the normoxia group were fed normally in the room, and the mice in the HALI group was exposed to 95% oxygen to reproduce the HALI animal model. After 72 hours of hyperoxia exposure, the lung tissues were taken for transcriptome sequencing, and then Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to verify the key molecules in the signal pathways closely related to HALI identified by transcriptomics analysis.Results:Transcriptomic analysis showed that hyperoxia induced 537 differentially expressed genes in lung tissue of mice as compared with the normoxia group including 239 up-regulated genes and 298 down-regulated genes. Further KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 20 most significantly enriched pathway entries, and the top three pathways were ferroptosis signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway and glutathione (GSH) metabolism signaling pathway. The related genes in the ferroptosis signaling pathway included the up-regulated gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the down-regulated gene solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). The related genes in the p53 signaling pathway included the up-regulated gene tumor suppressor gene p53 and the down-regulated gene murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The related gene in the GSH metabolic signaling pathway was up-regulated gene glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). The light microscope showed that the pulmonary alveolar structure of the normoxia group was normal. In the HALI group, the pulmonary alveolar septum widened and thickened, and the alveolar cavity shrank or disappeared. RT-RCR and Western blotting confirmed that compared with the normoxia group, the mRNA and protein expressions of HO-1 and p53 in lung tissue of the HALI group were significantly increased [HO-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 2.16±0.17 vs. 1.00±0.00, HO-1 protein (HO-1/β-actin): 1.05±0.01 vs. 0.79±0.01, p53 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 2.52±0.13 vs. 1.00±0.00, p53 protein (p53/β-actin): 1.12±0.02 vs. 0.58±0.03, all P < 0.05], and the mRNA and protein expressions of Grx1, MDM2, SLC7A11 were significantly decreased [Grx1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.53±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.00, Grx1 protein (Grx1/β-actin): 0.54±0.03 vs. 0.93±0.01, MDM2 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.48±0.03 vs. 1.00±0.00, MDM2 protein (MDM2/β-actin): 0.57±0.02 vs. 1.05±0.01, SLC7A11 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.50±0.06 vs. 1.00±0.00, SLC7A11 protein (SLC7A11/β-actin): 0.72±0.03 vs. 0.98±0.01, all P < 0.05]. Conclusions:HALI is closely related to ferroptosis, p53 and GSH metabolism signaling pathways. Targeting the key targets in ferroptosis, p53 and GSH metabolism signaling pathways may be an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of HALI.