Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

Aim To explore the mechanism of the effect of rosiglitazone(Rsg)on the pancreatic cancer in diabetic mice based on the impact of PPARγ on glu-cose transport and metabolism.Methods A high-fat and high sugar diet combined with STZ was used to construct T2DM model;T2DM mice and normal mice were subcutaneously injected with PANC02 cells to construct a transplanted tumor model.T2DM trans-planted tumor mice and normal transplanted tumor mice were divided into the following groups:Rsg,PPARy inhibitor(PIN-2),rosiglitazone+PPARγ in-hibitor(Rsg+PIN-2),and normal transplanted tumor mice(NDM)and T2DM transplanted tumor mice(DM)were used as control groups,respectively.Tis-sue samples were collected after intervention.Tissue pathological changes were observed by HE staining.The expressions of Ki67 and PCNA proteins were de-tected by immunohistochemistry.Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression of PPARγwas detected by immunofluorescence.The expressions of Glucokinase,GLUT2,Nkx6.1,PDX-1RT-PCR were determined by Western blot.Results Rsg could significantly reduce the tumor mass,pathological chan-ges,Ki67 and PCNA expression of transplanted tumors(P＜0.05),increase cell apoptosis and the expression of PPARγ,Glucokinase,GLUT2,Nkx6.1,PDX-1 proteins in NDM and DM mice(P＜0.05).PIN-2 could reverse the indicator changes caused by Rsg in NDM and DM mice.However,compared with NDM mice,the above related indicators of the DM group mice were more sensitive to Rsg and PIN-2.Conclu-sions Compared to non-diabetic pancreatic cancer,rosiglitazone can more sensitively inhibit the prolifera-tion of pancreatic cancer with T2DM,induce apopto-sis,and reprogram the metabolism of pancreatic cancer with T2DM by activating PPA Rγ and altering the ex-pression of glucose and lipid metabolism genes,there-by exerting an anti-cancer effect.

Objective To compare early clinical and imaging results of domestic HURWA and imported Brainlab Knee3 surgical robot-assisted knee replacement.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 93 patients with knee os-teoarthritis(KOA)who underwent robot-assisted descending total knee arthroplasty(TKA)from January 2021 to July 2023,and they were divided into BRATKA group and HRATKA group according to use of robotic system.There were 40 patients in BRATKA group,including 16 males and 24 females,aged from 55 to 90 years old with an average of(64.3±7.0)years old;27 patients with grade Ⅲ and 13 patients with grade Ⅳ according to Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L);18 patients on the right side and 22 patients on the left side;the courses of disease ranged from 1 to 30 years with an average of(15.3±7.6)years;imported Brainlab Knee3 surgical robot assisted system was adopted.There were 53 patients in HRATKA group,including 18 males and 35 females,aged from 52 to 81 years old with an average of(64.4±8.5)years old;30 patients with grade Ⅲ and 23 patients with grade Ⅳ;21 patients on the right side and 32 patients on the left side;the courses of disease ranged from 1 to 32 years with an average of(16.4±7.9)years;HURWA surgical robot assisted system was adopted.Operation time,perioperative total blood loss,incision length and postoperative complications were compared between two groups.Deviation angle of hip-knee-an-kle angle(HKAA)before operation and on the first day after operation was compared between two groups.Later tibal compo-nent(LTC),frontal femoral component(FFC),later femoral component(LFC)and frontal tibal component(FTC)at 1 day af-ter on the first day after operation was compared between two groups.Knee Society score(KSS),visual analogue scale(VAS)and range of motion(ROM)of knee joint were compared between two groups before operation and on the 3rd and 90th day af-ter operation.Results Both groups were followed up for 11 to 18 months with an average of(14.4±2.1)months,and the wounds of all patients healed well.Operation time and incision length of BRATKA group were(132.1±34.6)min and(12.9±1.9)cm,while(94.1±10.8)min and(14.8±2.1)cm in HRATKA group,respectively,and the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no significant difference in perioperative total blood loss and preoperative deviation angle of HKAA between two groups(P＞0.05).Deviation angle of HKAA,FFC angle and LFC angle in BRATKA group were(1.90±0.91)°,(87.90±1.51)°and(9.00±3.2)°,respectively;while(0.93±1.04)°,(89.03±0.96)° and(7.63±0.59)° in HRATKA group,respectively,and the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no significant dif-ferences in FTC and LTC between two groups(P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in VAS of knee rest and exercise,KSS score and ROM of knee joint between two groups before operation and 3 days and 90 days after operation(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in complications between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Postoperative imaging of two robot systems showed good lower limb force line.The domestic HRATKA group had better LFC,FFC angle and HKA deviation angle than the imported BRATKA group,but there were no significant difference in postoperative knee function and pain relief.

Objective To compare the effects of different dose prediction models of sufentanil in elderly hip arthroplasty with ultrasound-guided bow tie fascia iliac block.Methods A total of 90 elderly patients who underwent ultrasound-guided bow tie fascia iliac during hip arthroplasty in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2022 were selected.The dose of sufentanil was determined by a linear regression(ALR),multiple linear regression(MLR)or deep belief networks(DBN).Patients were randomly divided into the ALR group,the MLR group and the DBN group,with 30 cases in each group.The analgesic effect,hemodynamic index,inflammatory factor level and surgical index were compared among all groups.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the incidence of hip infection 2 weeks after surgery in each group.Results There was no significant difference in the gender,age,body weight,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)classification or complications among all groups(P>0.05).The Harris score 24 hours after surgery and duration of sensory block in the DBN group were higher/longer than those in the ALR group,numerical rating scale(NRS)score 24 hours after surgery,mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)at the beginning of surgery and 30 minutes after surgery,levels of interleukin-17(IL-17)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)24 hours after surgery,onset time of sensory block,and number of patient controlled analgesia(PCA)compression were lower/earlier/less than those in the ALR group,the modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale(OAA/S)score 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower than those in the ALR group and the MLR group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Harris score 24 hours after surgery and duration of sensory block in the MLR group were higher/longer than those in the ALR group,modified OAA/S score 12 hours after surgery,MAP 30 minutes after surgery,levels of IL-17 and TNF-α 24 hours after surgery,onset time of sensory block,and the number of PCA compressions were lower/longer/less than those in the ALR group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there were significant differences in the incidences of hip infection 2 weeks after surgery among all groups(P<0.05),and there were significant differences in the incidences of hip infection 2 weeks after surgery between the ALR group and the DBN group(P<0.05).Conclusion The effectiveness of calculating the dose of sufentanil using the MLR and DBN in elderly hip arthroplasty with bow tie fascia iliac block is better than that of ALR,and the advantage of DBN is more obvious.

Objective:To observe the effect of a new type of endotracheal tube occluder,which can be finely tuned,combined with rehabilitation training on respiratory and speech function of patients with severe tracheotomy. Method:A total of 30 patients with severe tracheotomy were randomly divided into test group and control group,15 cases in each group of patients received severe clinical and rehabilitation treatment,including lung rehabilitation,swallowing and phonation training and exercise therapy.Patients in the test group wore adjust-able tracheal tube occluder during rehabilitation period.The rehabilitation treatment time of the two groups was twice a day for two consecutive weeks.After 2 weeks of treatment,clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),semi quantitative cough strength score(SCSS),maximum phonation time(MPT),volume and tracheal tube extubation rate were compared between the two groups. Result:After treatment,the CPIs score,SCSS score,MPT and maximum volume value of the two groups were significantly improved in both groups(P＜0.001).The SCSS score of the test group improved more than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The MPT and maximum volume of the test group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The extubation rate of the test group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion:The adjustable tracheal tube occluder is safe and effective,and combining with rehabilitation therapy,has positive significance for improving the respiratory and speech function of patients with severe tra-cheotomy.

Objective:To investigate the relative expression level and clinical significance of LINC00475 in serum of patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods:The expression of LINC00475 in serum of 108 MM patients and five MM cell lines including RPMI 8226,NCI-H929,U266,OPM2 and CAG were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The diagnostic value of LINC00475 in MM was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.The correlation of LINC00475 with patients'characteristics was analyzed.Results:Compared with control groups,the expression of LINC00475 was up-regulated in serum of MM patients and MM cell lines(all P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of LINC00475 was 262.4,the area under curve(AUC)was 0.924(95％CI:0.884-0.964),and sensitivity and specificity was 83.3％and 91.7％,respectively,which indicated that LINC00475 had good evaluation value in MM patients.Compared with low-LINC00475 expression group,patients in high-LINC00475 expression group had higher levels of β2-microglobulin(β2-MG)and Cystatin C(Cys-C)but lower albumin(ALB)(all P＜0.05).Compared with MM patients with International Staging System(ISS)stage I,the expression level of LINC00475 was significantly higher in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ(both P＜0.05).Conclusion:LINC00475 is helpful to distinguish MM patients from healthy adults,which is correlated with the prognostic indicators such as β2-MG,ALB,and ISS stage.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of DNA damage and repair in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia(MLL-r AML)cells by the combination of Chidamide and the BRD4 inhibitor(+)-JQ-1.Methods:MLL-r AML cell lines Molm-13,MV4-11 and non-MLL-r AML cell line Kasumi were divided into control group(contr),Chidamide group(chida),(+)-JQ-1 group and Combination group(combi),respectively.Cell viability of Molm-13 was measured by CCK-8 to determine optimal the concentrations of Chidamide and(+)-JQ-1.The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry,and apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot.DNA damage marker γH2AX was detected by immunofluorescence.The protein expressions of DNA damage factor γH2AX,DNA damage checkpoint kinases p-ATR,p-CHK1,p-ATM,p-CHK2 and DNA damage repair factors Rad51 and 53BP1 were detected by Western blot.The expression of DNA damage repair factors Rad51 and 53BP1 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR.Results:Under the treatment of Chidamide(300 nmol/L)and(+)-JQ-1(400 nmol/L),the proportion of G1 phase cells in MLL-r AML cell lines Molm-13 and MV4-11 was increased in combination group compared with control group.In non-MLL-r AML cell line Kasumi,compared with control group,the proportion of G1 phase cells in combination group was increased(P＜0.05).In Molm-13 and MV4-11 cell lines,compared with control group,the expression level of DNA damage marker γH2AX in combination group was increased(P＜0.05).The expression levels of DNA damage checkpoint and damage repair factors p-ATR,p-CHK1,p-ATM,p-CHK2,Rad51,53BP1 were decreased(P＜0.05).In Kasumi cell line,compared with control group,there was no significant change in the expression of some of the above factors in combination group(P＞0.05),but the expression trend of some factors was opposite.In MLL-r AML cell lines Molm-13 and MV4-11,compared with control group,the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 protein were increased in combination group,while the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were decreased(P＜0.05).In non-MLL-r AML cell line Kasumi,there was no significant change in apoptotic factor protein expression in combination group compared with control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Chidamide combined with(+)-JQ-1 can inhibit the proliferation of MLL-r AML cells,inhibit the initiation of protective self-repair of these leukemia cells by inhibiting the DNA damage response pathway,and ultimately increase the apoptosis of these cells,but non-MLL-r AML cells have no similar results.

Hypertension is a most common chronic disease and a most important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascu-lar diseases,and is also closely related to the development and progression of erectile dysfunction(ED).Existing evidence shows that hypertension is a risk factor for ED due to comorbidities.ED can also be regarded as the"message tree"of cardiovascular diseases.During hypertension,pro-vasoconstrictor factors,such as aldosterone,norepinephrine,and ET-1,break the balance between vasocon-striction and vasodilation,and consequently affect vascular and erectile function.Furthermore,relevant studies have confirmed the in-fluence of various antihypertensive drugs on erectile function,either positively or negatively.This review summarizes the findings in the relevant studies over the past five years,focusing on the effects of hypertension and antihypertensive drugs on erectile function and the specific underlying mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the effects of different angles of pulmonary surfactant(PS)administration on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 146 preterm infants(gestational age＜32 weeks)admitted to the Department of Neonatology,Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to May 2023.The infants were randomly assigned to different angles for injection of pulmonary surfactant groups:0° group(34 cases),30° group(36 cases),45° group(38 cases),and 60° group(38 cases).Clinical indicators and outcomes were compared among the groups.Results The oxygenation index was lower in the 60° group compared with the other three groups,with shorter invasive ventilation time and oxygen use time,and a lower incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia than the other three groups(P＜0.05).The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage was lower in the 60° group compared to the 0° group(P＜0.05).The cure rate in the 60° group was higher than that in the 0° group and the 30° group(P＜0.05).Conclusions The clinical efficacy of injection of pulmonary surfactant at a 60° angle is higher than other angles,reducing the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(4):337-342]

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder.With the emergence of disease-modifying therapies,the prognosis of SMA has significantly improved,drawing increased attention to the importance of home rehabilitation and nursing management.Long-term,standardized home rehabilitation and nursing can delay the progression of SMA,enhance the psychological well-being,and improve the quality of life of both patients and caregivers.This article provides an overview of the goals of home rehabilitation,basic functional training methods,respiratory management,and nutritional management for SMA patients,as well as psychological health issues,emphasizing the significance of obtaining appropriate home rehabilitation and support during the care process.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(4):420-424]