Work serves as a critical means of obtaining resources, facilitating personal growth, realizing self-worth, and engaging in social interactions. However, work-related diseases pose significant threats to workers’ health and productivity, and impose considerable economic burdens. This article categorized work-related diseases into six major types, including musculoskeletal disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, digestive system diseases, reproductive system diseases, and non-specific respiratory diseases, and summarized their risk factors, assessment methods, policy regulation, and prevention and control measures. Current research in this field predominantly relies on cross-sectional studies, which present limitations in causal inference and potential risks of bias. Future studies should expand sample sizes, optimize research designs, and establish multidimensional evaluation systems to comprehensively assess the health and economic impacts of work-related diseases. It is recommended to enhance the translation of research findings into practice, thereby providing a scientific basis for the occupational health protection system and promoting the well-being and sustainable development of the working population.

This study aims to explore the mechanism of lung and gut protection by Tanreqing Capsules on the mice infected with influenza virus based on "the lung-gut axis". A total of 110 C57BL/6J mice were randomized into control group, model group, oseltamivir group, and low-and high-dose Tanreqing Capsules groups. Ten mice in each group underwent body weight protection experiments, and the remaining 12 mice underwent experiments for mechanism exploration. Mice were infected with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/08/1934(PR8) via nasal inhalation for the modeling. The lung tissue was collected on day 3 after gavage, and the lung tissue, colon tissue, and feces were collected on day 7 after gavage for subsequent testing. The results showed that Tanreqing Capsules alleviated the body weight reduction and increased the survival rate caused by PR8 infection. Compared with model group, Tanreqing Capsules can alleviate the lung injury by reducing the lung index, alleviating inflammation and edema in the lung tissue, down-regulating viral gene expression at the late stage of infection, reducing the percentage of neutrophils, and increasing the percentage of T cells. Tanreqing Capsules relieved the gut injury by restoring the colon length, increasing intestinal lumen mucin secretion, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and reducing goblet cell destruction. The gut microbiota analysis showed that Tanreqing Capsules increased species diversity compared with model group. At the phylum level, Tanreqing Capsules significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, while reducing the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria to maintain gut microbiota balance. At the genus level, Tanreqing Capsules significantly increased the abundance of unclassified＿f＿Lachnospiraceae while reducing the abundance of Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Phocaeicola to maintain gut microbiota balance. In conclusion, Tanreqing Capsules can alleviate mouse lung and gut injury caused by influenza virus infection and restore the balance of gut microbiota. Treating influenza from the lung and gut can provide new ideas for clinical practice.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice ; Lung/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Capsules ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Influenza A virus/physiology* ; Influenza, Human/virology*

Syringa pinnatifolia, belonging to the family Oleaceae, is a species endemic to China. It is predominantly distributed in the Helan Mountains region of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia of China. The peeled roots, stems, and thick branches have been used as a distinctive Mongolian medicinal material known as "Shan-chen-xiang", which has effects such as suppressing "khii", clearing heat, and relieving pain and is employed for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and joint pain. Over the past five years, significant increase was achieved in research on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. There were a total of 130 new constituents reported, covering sesquiterpenoids, lignans, and alkaloids. Its effects of anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, sedation, and analgesia were revealed, and the mechanisms of agarwood formation were also investigated. To better understand its medical value and potential of clinical application, this review updates the research progress in recent five years focusing on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. pinnatifolia, providing reference for subsequent research on active ingredient and support for its innovative application in modern medicine system.
Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Syringa/chemistry*

In continuation of research aimed at identifying anti-inflammatory agents from natural sesquiterpenoids, an activity-guided fractionation approach utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RAW264.7 cells was employed to investigate chemical constituents from Inula Britannica (I. britannica). Seven novel sesquiterpenoid dimers inulabritanoids A-G (1-7) and two novel sesquiterpenoid monomers inulabritanoids H (8) and I (9) were isolated from I. britannica together with eighteen known compounds (10-27). The structural elucidation was accomplished through comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, complemented by quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1, 2, 12, 16, 19, and 26 demonstrated inhibitory effects on NO production, with IC₅₀ values of 3.65, 5.48, 3.29, 6.91, 3.12, and 5.67 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that compound 1 inhibited IκB kinase β (IKKβ) phosphorylation, thereby blocking nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and activated the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, leading to decreased expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-1β, and IL-1α and increased expression of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thus exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. These results indicate that dimeric sesquiterpenoids may serve as promising candidates for anti-inflammatory drug development.
Mice ; Animals ; Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Inula/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Nitric Oxide ; Molecular Structure ; NF-kappa B/immunology* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology* ; I-kappa B Kinase/genetics*

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy Yizhi Qingxin Prescription combined with warming-needle muxibustion in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)after cerebral infarction,and to explore its effect on cognitive function.Methods A total of 110 cases of patients with definitive diagnosis of VCI after cerebral infarction admitted to Beijing Bo'ai Hospital from February 2020 to February 2023 were selected for the study.The patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group according to random number table method,with 55 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Donepezil Hydrochloride,and the observation group was treated with Yizhi Qingxin Prescription combined with warming-needle muxibustion on the basis of the treatment of the control group,the course of treatment covered four consecutive weeks.After one month of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),as well as the measurements of cerebral blood perfusion were observed before and after the treatment of the patients in the two groups.The changes of C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin 6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.The safety and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were also evaluated.Results(1)The total effective rate was 96.36％(53/55)in the observation group and 74.55％(41/55)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the MMSE scores and MoCA scores of the patients in the two groups were improved significantly(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the CBV,MTT,and CBF of the basal ganglia region of the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum CRP,IL-6,and TNF-α levels of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).(5)The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 7.27％(4/55),and that in the control group was 5.45％(3/55),the comparison between the two groups showed that the difference being not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Yizhi Qingxin Prescription combined with warming-needle muxibustion in the treatment of VCI after cerebral infarction can effectively alleviate the cognitive function of patients,improve their cerebral blood perfusion,and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors,so as to enhance their quality of life.

This study aims to investigate the effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB1)on the infection and replication of porcine delta coronavirus(PDCoV).Porcine small intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-J2),porcine kidney cells(LLC-PK)and swine testis cells(ST)were used as models,and CCK-8 method was used to detect the safe mass concentration range of AFB1 on the three cell lines.Each cell line was divided into the blank control group,AFB1 treatment group,PDCoV treatment group and AFB1 and the PDCoV co-treatment group.The cells were treated with safe mass concentration of AFB1 for 12 h,and then treated with PDCoV for 20 h.Total RNA and total protein were extrac-ted from the cells.The effects of AFB1 on PDCoV infection and replication were detected by qPCR,Western blot and cell immunofluorescence tests.The results showed that compared with the PDCoV treatment group,the mRNA and N protein of viral S protein in the AFB1 and PDCoV co-treatment group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and a significantly higher fluorescence of PDCoV N protein is also visibly present in the co-treatment group,and there was a significant difference between the two groups.The results showed that AFB1 could promote the infection and replication of PDCoV.It provides important data that AFB1 can promote the infection replication of PDCoV and provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV.

Objective Study on the relationship between detection of 10 driver gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer tis-sues and clinical pathological characteristics,as well as the diagnostic value of multi gene combined models.Methods Selected 79 patients diagnosed with NSCLC in Zhongshan People's Hospital from December 2022 to April 2023 as the research objects,collected tissue samples,used PCR technology for mutation detection,obtain the detection rate of each driver gene,and explore gene mutations and NSCLC patients correlation of clinicopathological characteristics.Logistic regression method was used to es-tablish a multi-gene joint model of joint predictors and evaluate its diagnostic value.Results Among the 79 cases,the total muta-tion rate of the ten driving genes was 81.01%(64/79),Among them the mutation rate of EGFR was 54.43%(43/79),the mutation frequency of KRAS was 13.92%(11/79),the mutation rate of HER2 was 3.80%(3/79),the fusion frequency of ALK was 2.53%(2/79),the fusion frequency of ROS1 was 2.53%(2/79),the mutation rate of MET was 2.53%(2/79),the mutation rate of NRAS was 1.27%(1/79),and no mutations were detected in RET,BRAF and PIK3CA.The mutation frequency of EGFR in fe-male patients was higher than that in males(χ2=20.512,P<0.001),ALK fusion was also more common in females(χ2=192.080,P<0.001),while KRAS was the opposite.The mutation frequency in male patients was higher than that in females(χ2=4.545,P<0.05).EGFR mutations were more common in individuals＜60 years old(χ2=33.907,P<0.001),while KRAS mutations had a higher individuals in patients≥60 years old than in those＜60 years old(χ2=8.909,P<0.001).The positive mutation of EGFR was more common in stage IV patients(χ2=15.429,P<0.001).ROS1 fusion is more common in stage III b patients(χ2=4.000,P<0.05),EGFR mutation had a significantly higher mutation rate in non-smoking patients than in smoking patients(χ2=50.651,P<0.001),and ALK fusion had a higher mutation rate in smoking patients than in non-smoking patients(χ2=4.000,P<0.05).Con-structed a Logistic regression model to evaluate the diagnostic value of driver gene joint detection,and constructed a Logistic re-gression model to predict the occurrence of NSCLC in patients.The model expression was:logit(P)=-0.190+0.168 EGFR muta-tion(X1)+0.516 KRAS mutation(X2)+0.331 ALK fusion(X3)+0.403 ROS1 fusion(X4)+0.429 NRAS mutation(X5)+0.515 HER2 mutation(X6)+0.405 MET mutation(X7).The ROC curve results show that the diagnostic value of the joint prediction model for NSCLC was higher than that of a single indicator.Conclusion There is a correlation between driver gene mutation status and pathological characteristics,and the co-mutation information provided by multi-gene joint detection can make a more accurate diagnosis of NSCLC.

Objective To explore the association between dynamic indexes of maternal progesterone in early pregnancy and the average level and growth rate of fetal head circumference(HC)in mid-and late pregnancy.Methods This study adopted a retrospective cohort design and included 255 singleton pregnant women in the maternal and infant cohort of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to December 2024.The progesterone levels of their early venous blood were detected and divided into two groups of progesterone trajectories,namely,fluctuating type and increasing type,by morphology.The dynamic indicators of progesterone in early pregnancy were constructed:cumulative dynamic deviation index in the first trimester(CDDI-P1T),gestational age at progesterone peak(GA-PP),and maximal relative progesterone decline in the first trimester(MRD-P1T).The average head circumference level and linear growth rate of the fetuses in the middle and late pregnancy were calculated.Generalized linear regression(GLM)was used to analyze the linear association between progesterone dynamic indicators and head circumference development.The key gestational weeks of progesterone affecting fetal head development were explored by linear regression of gestational weeks.Ordinary least squares(OLS)regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)plots were used to draw the nonlinear association between progesterone dynamic indicators and head circumference.Results Among the 255 pregnant women included,92.5％of the progesterone trajectories in early pregnancy were fluctuating,and 7.5％were increasing.The growth rates of the increasing progesterone trajectory group were higher in the second and third trimesters than in the fluctuating group,but the differences were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).GLM analysis showed that for every 1 unit increase in CDDI-P1T,the head circumference in the middle and late pregnancy increased significantly by 1.574 cm and 1.193 cm(Z=3.714,2.885,P＜0.01).The delay of GA-PP was negatively correlated with the head circumference in the middle pregnancy(β=-0.190 cm,95％CI:-0.339--0.041,P=0.010)but positively correlated with the head circumference growth rate in the late pregnancy(β=0.022 cm/week,95％CI:0.003-0.041,P=0.025).A 10％decrease in the decline of CDDI-P1T increased the head circumference in the middle pregnancy by 0.200 cm(95％CI:0.016-0.384,P=0.033),and a 100％decrease in the decline increased the head circumference growth rate in the late pregnancy by 0.201 cm/week(95％CI:0.002-0.399,P=0.048).The analysis of the key time window showed that for every 20 nmol/L increase in progesterone during 9.5-13 weeks of pregnancy,the mid-term head circumference increased by 0.035-0.166 cm(Z=2.452-3.517,allP＜0.05),and the late-term head circumference increased by 0.767 cm during 9-13 weeks of pregnancy(Z=2.452-3.517,all P＜0.05).When progesterone increased during 9.5-10.5 weeks of pregnancy,the growth rate of mid-term head circumference increased by 0.013-0.023 cm/week(Z=2.074-2.243,all P＜0.01).When progesterone increased during 8.5-10.5 weeks of pregnancy,the growth rate of late-term head circumference increased by 0.010-0.026 cm/week(Z=2.061-3.137,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Progesterone dynamic index is a new sensitive tool for evaluating fetal head circumference development.There is a stage-specific window period for progesterone regulation.9.5-13 weeks of pregnancy is the critical period for progesterone to affect head circumference growth,and 9.5-10.5 weeks of pregnancy is the core window for regulating the growth rate of head circumference.Therefore,it is necessary to combine progesterone dynamic index and time window for individualized intervention to promote the transformation of prenatal care from pregnancy maintenance to eugenics intervention.

Objective To compare the effect of different intensity of neuromuscular training(NMT)on muscle strength and knee joint function of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR).Methods From January,2023 to January,2024,60 ACLR patients in Changhai Hospital were selected,and they received the same intensity of NMT from one to eight weeks after surgery.Eight weeks after surgery,they were randomly divided into low intensity group(n=30)and high intensity group(n=30),and then they received different inten-sities of NMT from nine to 16 weeks after surgery,each training session lasted one hour,with three sessions per week,totaly 48 sessions.The Lysholm score,knee flexor and extensor muscle strength and muscle endurance-were compared at eight weeks and 16 weeks after surgery.Results After group training,the Lysholm score significantly increased in both groups(|t|>13.739,P<0.001),and was higher in the high intensity group than in the low intensity group(t=-2.574,P<0.05);in the high intensity group,the relative peak torque and endurance of the extensor and flexor muscles improved at angular velocities of 60°/s,120°/s and 180 °/s(|t|>2.320,P<0.05);in the low intensity group,the flexor peak torque improved at all the three angular velocities(t>2.177,P<0.05),the extensor peak torque improved at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s(|t|>1.715,P<0.05),and the extensor endurance improved at angular velocity of 60°/s(t=-2.293,P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the relative peak torque and endurance of the extensor and flexor muscles at all the three angular velocities(P>0.05).Conclusion Both high and low intensity NMT could improve the muscle strength,muscle endurance and knee joint func-tion.Maybe,high intensity is superior to low intensity.Further verification is still needed.